The landmark Roe vs Wade Supreme Court decision in 1973 established a constitutional right to abortion. In June 2022, the Dobbs vs Jackson Women’s Health Organization Supreme Court decision brought ...an end to the established professional practice of abortion throughout the United States. Rights-based reductionism and zealotry threaten the professional practice of abortion. Rights-based reductionism is generally the view that moral or ethical issues can be reduced exclusively to matters of rights. In relation to abortion, there are 2 opposing forms of rights-based reductionism, namely fetal rights reductionism, which emphasizes the rights for the fetus while disregarding the rights and autonomy of the pregnant patient, and pregnant patient rights reductionism, which supports unlimited abortion without regards for the fetus. The 2 positions are irreconcilable. This article provides historical examples of the destructive nature of zealotry, which is characterized by extreme devotion to one’s beliefs and an intolerant stance to opposing viewpoints, and of the importance of enlightenment to limit zealotry. This article then explores the professional responsibility model as a clinically ethically sound approach to overcome the clashing forms of rights-based reductionism and zealotry and to address the professional practice of abortion. The professional responsibility model refers to the ethical and professional obligations that obstetricians and other healthcare providers have toward pregnant patients, fetuses, and the society at large. It provides a more balanced and nuanced approach to the abortion debate, avoiding the pitfalls of reductionism and zealotry, and allows both the rights of the woman and the obligations to pregnant and fetal patients to be considered alongside broader ethical, medical, and societal implications. Constructive and respectful dialogue is crucial in addressing diverse perspectives and finding common ground. Embracing the professional responsibility model enables professionals to manage abortion responsibly, thereby prioritizing patients’ interests and navigating between absolutist viewpoints to find balanced ethical solutions.
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Everyday Medical Ethics and Lawis based on the core chapters of Medical Ethics Today, focussing on the practical issues and dilemmas common to all doctors. It includes chapters on the law and ...professional guidance relating to consent, treating people who lack capacity, treating children and young people, confidentiality and health records. Thetitle is UK-wide, covering the law and guidance in each of the four nations. Each chapter has a uniform structure which makes it ideal for use in learning and teaching. '10 Things You Need to Know About...' introduces the key points of the topic, Setting the Scene explains where the issues occur in real life and why doctors need to understand them, and then key definitions are followed by explanations of different scenarios. The book uses real cases to illustrate points and summary boxes to highlight key issues throughout. Whilst maintaining its rigorous attention to detail, Everyday Medical Ethics and Lawis an easy read reference book for busy, practising doctors.
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of adult disability worldwide. More than a third of individuals presenting with strokes are estimated to have a preexisting ...disability. Despite unprecedented advances in stroke research and clinical practice over the past decade, approaches to acute stroke care for persons with preexisting disability have received scant attention. Current standards of research and clinical practice are influenced by an underexplored range of biases that may hinder acute stroke care for persons with disability. These trends may exacerbate unequal health outcomes by rendering novel stroke therapies inaccessible to many persons with disabilities. Here, we explore the underpinnings and implications of biases involving persons with disability in stroke research and practice. Recent insights from bioethics, disability rights, and health law are explained and critically evaluated in the context of prevailing research and clinical practices. Allowing disability to drive decisions to withhold acute stroke interventions may perpetuate disparate health outcomes and undermine ethically resilient stroke care. Advocacy for inclusion of persons with disability in future stroke trials can improve equity in stroke care delivery.
Overvaluing autonomous decision-making Lepping, Peter; Raveesh, Bevinahalli Nanjegowda
British journal of psychiatry,
01/2014, Volume:
204, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Current capacity-based legislation and practice overvalues autonomy to the detriment of other ethical principles. A balanced ethical approach would consider the patient's right to treatment, their ...relationships and interactions with society and not solely the patient's right to liberty and autonomous decision-making.
Abstract Background Recognizing patients’ rights as fundamental human rights, the global healthcare community, including the World Health Organization and various nursing organizations, has ...emphasized the critical role of nurses in upholding these rights through ethical practice and patient-centered care. However, in the complex landscape of healthcare, nurses in Vietnam face various ethical issues and challenges that may impede their ability to protect patient rights effectively, necessitating tools for better ethical decision-making and practice. Purpose This study aims to translate the Nurses’ Ethical Behaviours for Protecting Patient Rights Scale (NEBPPR) into Vietnamese and evaluate the validity and reliability of the V-NEBPPRS. Methods The original scale underwent a cross-cultural translation process to be adapted into Vietnamese. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability of the V-NEBPPRS were evaluated. Results After removing four items with factor loading below 0.5, the V-NEBPPRS comprises 24 items divided into five factors. CFA demonstrated a good model fit (χ2/df = 2.86; GFI = 0.87; IFI = 0.85; CFI = 0.84; RMSEA = 0.07). Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed with extracted mean variance ranging from 0.54 to 0.67, 0.54 to 0.67, and composite reliability from 0.73 to 0.81. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.85 for the total scale and ranged from 0.70 to 0.79 for five subscales. Conclusion The V-NEBPPRS is a reliable tool, providing nursing leaders and researchers with the means to utilize the V-NEBPPRS for assessing and promoting nurses’ awareness and behaviour in safeguarding patients’ rights, thereby contributing to improved overall health outcomes.
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Arizona State University agreed to pay $700,000 to the Havasupai Indian tribe to settle legal claims that university researchers improperly used tribe members' blood samples in genetic research. ...Michelle Mello and Leslie Wolf write that this case illuminates the clashing values that have driven debate on research on stored biospecimens.
On April 20, 2010, Arizona State University (ASU) agreed to pay $700,000 to 41 members of the Havasupai Indian tribe to settle legal claims that university researchers improperly used tribe members' blood samples in genetic research.
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The settlement closes a difficult chapter for both parties but leaves open a bedeviling question for genetic research: What constitutes adequate informed consent for biospecimens collected for research to be stored and used in future, possibly unrelated studies? The case illuminates the clashing values that have driven debate in this area and the importance of understanding the study population's perspectives.
The Havasupai suit stemmed . . .
The paper proposes to identify the determinants of patients' rights awareness in mothers and to examine the relationship of health literacy with awareness of those rights.
Our results are based on ...data from a convenience sample of 894 non-health professional ethnic Hungarian mothers from Hungary, Romania and Slovakia. Health literacy is measured with the HLS-EU-16 questionnaire.
Analysis of variance reveals a significant association of health literacy with patient rights awareness. Our results show that health literacy is the highest among patients who filed a complaint through formal channels and/or took legal measures to restore their rights upon violation. A logistic regression model is built to identify the likelihood of having high patient rights awareness, that is, acting formally for the restoration of rights upon infringement. The model controls for covariates. When controlled for covariates, the likelihood of having high patient rights awareness increases with age, and is higher for mothers with highest education, for inhabitants of larger towns, as well as for those with adequate health literacy.
The findings of our study have implications for health policy, as they reveal significant inequalities in patient rights culture.
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Background: Complaints are expressions of dissatisfaction that need to be addressed and are a very effective tool for improving the quality of care and treatment services. This study was conducted to ...investigate the complaints received in 2020 in the treatment supervision department of the Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: The present study is a retrospective descriptive study. All registered complaints, including written, oral and telephone, were reviewed by the complaints officer of the treatment supervision office in 2020. The data obtained from the review of complaints provided by clients of affiliated centres, including personal information of the complainant, the complainant was classified in an Excel file and analyzed by using descriptive statisticsSuch as number and percentage.
Results: Of the total number of complaints received in 2020 with 2121, the cases included complaints about the provision of care and medical services 809cases, tariff 301 cases, health and infection control 222 cases, the activity of unauthorized persons 194 cases, visit services 125 cases, defects, respectively, Technical equipment 76 cases, lack of licenses 76 cases, admission and clearance services 69 cases, induced demand 66 cases, drugs 64 cases, how to deal 63 cases, center closure and non-service 20 cases, forgery and misuse 18 cases, illegal advertising 10 cases, manpower shortage 8 cases.
Conclusion: It seems that by identifying the effective factors in the occurrence of complaints and dissatisfaction and adopting solutions regarding Training in improving behavioural, communication and professional skills, periodic monitoring visits, reporting functional deficiencies to affiliated centres to correct and eliminate deficiencies, can be done to satisfy and prevent dissatisfaction so that the patient and with a pleasant memory of the process if necessary, refer others to the mentioned centre if necessary.
Aim
The aim of this study was to develop a self‐assessment scale for nurses' ethical behaviours for protecting patients' rights and to determine its reliability and validity.
Methods
This was a ...methodological study. This study was conducted in public, private and university hospitals in Turkey between August 2018 and May 2019. The sample group consisted of 450 nurses. The item pool was formed with 44 items. After five experts' assessment for content validity, the draft scale was formed with 37 items with a 5‐point Likert‐type scale. The item‐total score correlation and exploratory factor analysis were used.
Results
The scale included 28 items and five subscales (respect for right to information and decision making, providing fair care, providing benefit‐not harming, respect for patient values and choices, attention to privacy). Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 for the whole scale.
Conclusion
Validity and reliability have been demonstrated for a newly developed scale to measure nurses' ethical behaviours to protect patients' rights.
Summary statement
What is already known about this topic?
Valid and reliable measurement tools can provide nurses with data on the extent to which nurses internalize the information they have acquired to protect patients' rights.
No scale has yet been developed to determine nurses' behaviours to protect patients' rights.
What this paper adds?
The Nurses' Ethical Behaviours for Protecting Patients' Rights Scale is a valid and reliable data collection tool.
Nurses' ethical behaviours for protecting patients' rights can now be measured with a valid and reliable tool.
The implications of this paper
The Nurses' Ethical Behaviours for Protecting Patients' Rights Scale could play guiding role in organizing activities for determining and developing nurses' behaviours for protecting patients' rights.
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