Forage nutritional differences within the genus Opuntia Pessoa, Diana Valadares; Pereira de Andrade, Albericio; Rodrigues Magalhães, André Luiz ...
Journal of arid environments,
October 2020, 2020-10-00, Volume:
181
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The objective of this study is to evaluate the bromatological composition, carbohydrate fractionation, in vitro digestibility and gas production of varieties of forage cactus of the genus Opuntia, ...associated with different phenological phases. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of five forage cactus varieties of the genus Opuntia ((IPA-20 (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill), Gigante (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill), Erect Prickly Pear (EPP) (Opuntia stricta Haw), African Prickly Pear (APP) (Opuntia undulata) and F-08 (Opuntia atropes Rose)). and three phenological phases (young, intermediate and mature). The concentrations of neutral detergent fiber and the C ratio of carbohydrates were lower in the Erect Prickly Pear (EPP) variety, in this same variety, a higher proportion of pectin was observed along with the giant variety and higher in vitro digestibility, with similar digestibility for the African Prickly Pear (APP) and F-08. The concentration of total carbohydrates was higher in the IPA-20 variety since the gas production adjusted by the bicompartmental model was higher for APP. Was observed in all varieties greater concentration of neutral detergent fiber and the C fraction of the carbohydrates in the mature cladodes. In vitro digestibility of mature phase was also superior in all varieties except APP. The Erect Prickly Pear and African Prickly Pear varieties present best nutritional value for feeding ruminants and mature phase is the least relevant.
•The forage cactus Erect Prickly Pear and the giant has higher content of pectin.•Mature cladodes of forage cactus has greater proportions of neutral detergent fiber.•The forage cactus varieties giant and IPA-20 have lower in vitro digestibility.•The proportion of total carbohydrates is higher in the IPA-20 variety.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Hyperspectral imaging technology was used to detect bruise damage in Shingo pear.•NIR range of 950–1650nm was effective for detecting bruise underneath pear skin.•Optimal waveband ratio for ...detecting pear bruises was determined based on F-value.•The best threshold waveband ratio detected bruises with accuracy of 92%.•Hyperspectral NIR imaging could be a potential detection method for fruit bruises.
Bruise damage on pears is one of the most crucial internal quality factors, which needs to be detected in postharvest quality sorting processes. Near-infrared imaging techniques (NIR) have effective potentials for identifying and detecting bruises since bruises result in the rupture of internal cell walls due to defects on agricultural materials. In this study, a novel NIR technique, hyperspectral imaging with beyond NIR range of 950–1650nm, was investigated for detecting bruise damages underneath the pear skin, which has never been examined in the past. A classification algorithm based on F-value was applied for analysis of image to find the optimal waveband ratio for the discrimination of bruises against sound surface. The result demonstrated that the best threshold waveband ratio detected bruises with the accuracy of 92%, illustrating that the hyperspectral infra-red imaging technique with the region beyond NIR could be a potential detection method for pear bruises.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Opuntia spp. are crops well adapted to adverse environments and have great economic potential. Their constituents, including fruits, cladodes, and flowers, have a high nutritional value and are rich ...in value-added compounds. Cladodes have an appreciable content in dietary fiber, as well as bioactive compounds such as kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. Fruits are a major source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids and vitamin C. The seeds are mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E. The flowers are also rich in phenolic compounds. Therefore, in addition to their traditional uses, the different plant fractions can be processed to meet multiple applications in the food industry. Several bakery products have been developed with the incorporation of cladode flour. Pectin and mucilage obtained from cladodes can act as edible films and coatings. Fruits, fruit extracts, and fruit by-products have been mixed into food products, increasing their antioxidant capacity and extending their shelf life. Betalains, obtained from fruits, can be used as food colorants and demonstrate promising applications as a sensor in food packaging. This work reviews the most valuable components of the different fractions of this plant and emphasizes its most recent food applications, demonstrating its outstanding value.
Pear scab caused by
Venturia nashicola
is a devastating disease responsible for huge economic losses to the pear industry. The enhancement of pear resistance to scab by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was ...evaluated in the susceptible cultivar ‘Xuehua’ and the resistant cultivar ‘Huangguan’ of Chinese pear (
Pyrus bretschneideri
Rehd.). The regulatory mechanism of MeJA was analyzed by measuring the activities of four protective enzymes and expression levels of corresponding genes. The results showed that MeJA inhibited the growth of
V. nashicola
on oat agar medium. The
in vitro
growth-inhibitory effect of MeJA was enhanced with increasing MeJA concentration over the range 0.05–2 mmol L
− 1
, and the difference was significant at 0.1 mmol L
− 1
or higher concentration levels (
p
< 0.05). Except peroxidase, all the other enzymes exhibited higher activities in ‘Huangguan’ pear than in ‘Xuehua’ pear after inoculation. Treatment with 0.1 mmol L
− 1
MeJA substantially enhanced all the protective enzyme activities in inoculated leaves of the two pear cultivars, with increased expression of related genes. These results indicate that MeJA improves resistance of pear to scab by increasing protective enzyme activities.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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