El artículo analiza el cortometraje chileno Los anillos de la serpiente (2020) un filme de ficción histórica que pone en escena a una perpetradora civil en los prime- ros años de postdictadura en ...Chile. Desde el denominado “giro hacia el perpetrador” en el campo de estudios de la memoria histórica, se utilizan los principios de análisis de Lior Zylberman para estudiar la representación de perpetradores en el cine y la teoría del “sujeto implicado” de Michael Rothberg con el fin de abordar la complejidad de la com- plicidad civil. Sobre aquella formulación teórico-metodológica, se revisan los contenidos centrales de este cortometraje, enfatizando tanto en los modos de figuración verbal y dis- cursiva de los perpetradores, como en la problematización cinematográfica de asuntos históricos clave, como la impunidad y los pactos de silencio.
Compared with women, men tend to blame assault victims, exonerate perpetrators, and report higher levels of sexism and rape myths. The goal of the present study was to determine whether sexist ...beliefs mediate the established relationship between gender and rape myth acceptance in a sample of 626 college students. Results demonstrated that hostile sexism, complementary gender differentiation, and heterosexual intimacy mediated the relationship between gender and rape myth acceptance, suggesting that these attitudes play a role in victim blaming and have potential to inform the development of sexual assault prevention programs.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Objective: Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) is a short-term trauma-focused intervention originally developed for treating survivors of war and torture. The neurobiological theoretical foundations of ...NET would suggest that the approach should have long term beneficial effects. We tested this assumption and also provided an extensive overview of all NET studies for adults, for children (KIDNET), and for perpetrators (Forensic Offender Rehabilitation NET; FORNET).
Method: Following a systematic literature review, we conducted meta-analyses with all studies that had control conditions, and with all Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). We assessed between-groups short- (< 6 months) and long-term (≥ 6 months) effect sizes for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.
Results: In a total of 56 studies from 30 countries comparing 1370 participants treated with NET to 1055 controls, we found large between group effect sizes regarding the reduction of PTSD symptoms in favor of NET. Analyses of RCTs with active controls yielded small to medium effect sizes in the short-term, and large effect sizes in the long-term.
Conclusions: NET, KIDNET, and FORNET yield beneficial and sustainable treatment results for severely traumatized individuals living in adverse circumstances. Studies in highly developed health care systems comparing NET with other evidence-based trauma-focused interventions are needed.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Counterbalancing the narrative of youth as either helpless victims or ruthless perpetrators, a new generation of research in conflict settings focuses on their peacebuilding potential, including ...constructs such as prosocial behaviors and civic engagement. Previous research on the impact of political violence on prosocial behaviors in mixed, finding both positive and negative links. This study examines this relation using a launch and ambient approach, which helps to disentangle these effects over time. To do so, the article prospectively examines trajectories of adolescent prosocial behaviors (N = 999; Time 1: Mage = 12.18 years, SD = 1.82, range = 10-20) over 6 consecutive years in Belfast, Northern Ireland, a setting of on-going sectarian conflict. A dual change model, which combines the strengths of auto-regressive and latent growth curves approaches, found an initial shallow decrease in prosocial behaviors that dropped more sharply in later adolescence. Exposure to sectarianism related to an accelerated decrease in prosocial behaviors. Trajectories of prosocial behaviors positively related to later social and political engagement. Intervention implications address how to promote youth prosocial behaviors and civic engagement amid protracted political conflict. This type of research is needed because participation in civic life is a good indicator of youth agency and has positive implications for society.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Studies on child sexual abuse (CSA) have greatly contributed to theoretical and empirical developments, advancing policy and practice. However, studies on CSA in closed societies are still scarce.
...The current study focuses on CSA in the Muslim Arab community in Israel while delving into the peritraumatic responses of survivors to CSA.
Twenty-eight Muslim Arab survivors of CSA provided written testimonies for an independent inquiry.
The exploration of the Muslim Arab survivors' peritraumatic responses to CSA, according to their testimonies, was guided by an inductive thematic analysis and Braun and Clarke's (2006) six steps of analysis.
The results indicated that, as most of the abusive incidents were committed by an extended family member, the survivors experienced an inability to understand what had happened to them while simultaneously feeling guilt and self-blame. Furthermore, the survivors discussed feeling trapped by all of the systems and social expectations in their lives, leaving them feeling extremely lonely and with the understanding that seeking help and disclosing the abuse was not relevant for them.
The discussion addresses the developments in the research on peritraumatic responses that require further examination. This includes top-down processes that might explain survivors' peritraumatic responses, which are not merely instinctual. In addition, when perpetrators are family members, survivors are expected to stay in contact with them, which demands enormous resources and survival strategies from the survivors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Outgroup perpetrators of discrimination are perceived as more biased than ingroup perpetrators, potentially because perpetrator group membership drives inferences regarding their motivation to ...discriminate. Consequently, when outgroup perpetrators provide hostile justification, greater discrimination and illegitimacy will be perceived compared to when ingroup perpetrators do so. In contrast, benevolent justifications reduce differences in discrimination and illegitimacy perception for outgroup versus ingroup perpetrators. In two experiments (Ns = 243; 382) dealing with sexism and racism, results supported our reasoning that the perpetrator’s explicit justification moderates the influence of the perpetrator’s group membership on discrimination and illegitimacy perception. Results of a third experiment (N = 489) show that when no justifications are provided, the prototype effect on discrimination perception mirrors the prototype effect under hostile justification, but not under benevolent justification. The results are more mixed concerning perceived illegitimacy. We discuss the implications of these findings regarding the processes underlying the prototype effect.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sibling bullying is highly prevalent and has been found to have adverse effects on mental health lasting into early adulthood. What is unknown is what predicts sibling bullying roles (uninvolved, ...victim, bully-victim and bully). This study aimed to identify precursors of sibling bullying roles in middle childhood using a large sample of 6,838 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective United Kingdom birth-cohort. The relative associations of four sets of precursors: (a) structural family characteristics, (b) parent and parenting characteristics, (c) early social experiences, and (d) child individual differences was assessed before 8 years of age. Structural family characteristics (being the firstborn and having older brothers) and sex (being male) were the strongest predictors of sibling bullying, consistent with an evolutionary model of sibling aggression. Parenting variables, early social experiences, and child individual differences made significant but smaller contributions. These findings may help to identify at-risk families, allowing for appropriate interventions to be implemented from birth.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Dieser Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse selbstberichteter Delinquenz im Bereich Cyberkriminalität im engeren und weiteren Sinne vor, die im Rahmen einer repräsentativen Befragung der niedersächsischen ...Bevölkerung ab 16 Jahren im Jahr 2020 zum Thema Cyberkriminalität gewonnen werden konnten (N=4.102). Ein Ergebnis ist, dass der Anteil der Personen, die von eigenen Tathandlungen im Bereich Cyberkriminalität im engeren Sinne innerhalb der letzten zwölf Monate berichteten, mit 0,5 % sehr klein ist. Im Bereich Cyberkriminalität im weiteren Sinne gaben immerhin 9,5 % eigene Tathandlungen innerhalb eines Jahres an. Neben der Darstellung weiterer Ergebnisse zu sozioökonomischen Unterschieden zwischen Tätern, Täterinnen und Nicht-Tätern bzw. Nicht-Täterinnen, zur Täter bzw. Täterinnen-Opfer-Überschneidung sowie zur Beziehung zwischen Tätern, Täterinnen und Opfern wird der methodische Zugang in Hinblick auf zukünftige Täter- bzw. Täterinnenforschung diskutiert.
Abstract Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetration may induce cardiovascular reactivity and risk markers thereby precipitating early onset cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, this relationship ...has been largely under-researched in comparison to the health impacts of IPV victimisation. We therefore aimed to systematically review the current evidence investigating the relationship between IPV perpetration and CV risk. Six databases (CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, Pubmed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar) were searched between August 2016 and August 2017 using a predefined search strategy. Inclusion criteria were studies of cross sectional and longitudinal design published since 2010, presenting IPV status by perpetrators (as distinct from victims) and an outcome of CVD (e.g. cardiac disease, stroke), CV risk markers (e.g. blood pressure) and/or a composite CV risk score. Twenty two potentially eligible studies were identified and full texts recovered. After ineligible studies were excluded, four remained (total n = 10,665). Positive relationships were observed between IPV perpetration and (i) short term CV reactivity markers (higher heart rate, lower vagal ratios, shorter pre-ejection periods) and (ii) longer term CV risk factors and outcomes including greater systolic blood pressure, incident hypertension, elevated 30 year CV risk score and self-report cardiac disease. Despite being a neglected area of research characterised by a high degree of heterogeneity, the early evidence suggests that IPV perpetration may be associated with elevated risk of CVD. We discuss these findings in the context of CVD prevention from the individual, family and inter-generational perspectives and directions for future studies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Research on confronting prejudice frequently defines an effective confrontation as one that induces change in the perpetrator's prejudicial beliefs or actions. We argue for a broader definition, ...defining successful confrontation as one that elicits the confronter's desired response. Using a community sample of 152 adults, we conducted an exploratory study in which participants recalled a time when they had confronted racism or sexism. Results revealed a frequent mismatch between what confronters desired and what they received from the perpetrator. Path analysis showed that a perceived match between desired and actual perpetrator responses to confrontation predicted greater positive and lower negative emotion among confronters, across a range of perpetrator responses. We argue that researchers need to expand definitions of successful confrontation to better understand the ways in which confronters' and perpetrators' behaviors intersect within lived experiences of prejudice.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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