Questo articolo presenta l’importanza della Rückfrage (domanda retrospettiva) nel metodo fenomenologico, poiché significa un “ritorno” all’origine costitutivo di tutto senso e validità ...dell’essere. È il modo di accedere alla genesi del mondo della vita, come un mondo doxico, soggettivo-relativo da cui sono costituite tutte le nostre esperienze. In questo senso, ci dà tutti gli strati che la tradizione e la cultura hanno posto sulle nostre esperienze più originali. Si presentano anche obiezioni e risposte a questa applicazione del metodo fenomenologico, come pure la presentazione della fenomenologia come archeologia del senso.
Questo articolo presenta l’importanza della Rückfrage (domanda retrospettiva) nel metodo fenomenologico, poiché significa un “ritorno” all’origine costitutivo di tutto senso e validità ...dell’essere. È il modo di accedere alla genesi del mondo della vita, come un mondo doxico, soggettivo-relativo da cui sono costituite tutte le nostre esperienze. In questo senso, ci dà tutti gli strati che la tradizione e la cultura hanno posto sulle nostre esperienze più originali. Si presentano anche obiezioni e risposte a questa applicazione del metodo fenomenologico, come pure la presentazione della fenomenologia come archeologia del senso.
Freeze-thaw cycling is a widely used experiment for characterizing the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixture. Moreover, it can also be used as a simulation for pavement moisture damage in ...northern latitudes. To investigate the effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the performance deterioration of asphalt mixtures, three types of dense graded asphalt mixture specimens with different asphalt contents were prepared. These specimens were performed freeze–thaw cycles with the maximum cycles being ten times. Volumetric parameter measurements and Indirect Tensile Strength (IDT) test were carried out after one, three, five, and ten cycles. Based on the phenomenological method and macro damage mechanics, the damage variable composed of Strain Energy Density (SED) was presented to characterize the performance deterioration of asphalt mixture. Three types of models were chosen to perform regression analysis between the damage variable and freeze–thaw cycles. The results indicate that with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles, IDT strength and the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) decrease while Bulk Relative Density (BRD) increases first afterward decreases. It is suggested that the internal air-voids in specimens turn into open air-voids between five cycles and ten cycles. Compared to the other two models, S-typed Sigmoidal Logistic function is more suitable to describe the damage growth due to freeze–thaw cycles. Another finding is that an appropriate increase of asphalt content has a positive effect on slowing the damage growth in asphalt mixture.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Human being is complicated, and at the same time, is basically active. Human agency means human beings are capable of controlling their life via thinking, motivation and self-action. Agency is a ...multidimensional construct and is the subject of research in various human sciences, including philosophy, sociology and psychology. The present study aims to investigate the adolescents’ perceptions of agency in Tehran. Using a descriptive phenomenological method, 14 adolescents aged 15–18 were selected by targeted sampling and interviewed in 2017 in Tehran for a semi-structured interview. Interview questions were designed based on theoretical framework of the research, and were corrected in three stages. In addition, the data was analyzed by using a seven-step Colaizzi method. The findings showed that adolescents had a poor understanding of agency. In addition, agency characteristics of adolescents are: conditional agency perception, positive beliefs about their ability, short-term goal, unpredictable and unilateral forethought, consultation with others, one dimensional selection, making choices in the absence of an obstacle, contingent self-assessment, and planning. Overall, the results indicate a poor agency among adolescents. Moreover, adolescents have a proxy agency in life course. That is, they alone cannot influence their decisions and environment. So, they can only make decisions with the others. It can be said that adolescents rely on others to attain their optimal results.
The author argues that static and genetic phenomenological methods are complementary, rather than opposite, and by claiming this, the article presents a discussion with Derrida’s interpretation of ...Husserl’s philosophy. It is claimed that for an adequate understanding of the two forms of a phenomenological method, one has to take into consideration especially Husserl’s B III 10 signature manuscripts. By referring to the manuscripts, the author reconstructs the object, limits, presuppositions, aims and character of both ways of inquiry. Moreover, the author claims that the differentiation of the two forms of the phenomenological method steams from Husserl’s inquiries into the concept of consciousness as defined in Ideas I.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction Sexual needs are regulated and routined as one of the most important biological-instinctive needs in the fabric of social-cultural networks. In Iran, one of the most customary and ...legitimate channels to satisfy such biological needs is family formation via marriage. New industrial developments and long-term geographical-demographic motilities resulting from them have provided the basis for a group of women, who are left behind due to their husbands’ migration for a long time. Thus, they are forced to live away from their husbands in their hometowns for a long period of time (a period of 6 months or more than a year). Although these women’s qualities of life can be explored in several dimensions, their sexuality concerns and experiences are of the most important and relatively unknown issues. Explicating their experiences of extra-marital sexual relations in the Iranian society where the bond of marriage is considered sacred and customary based on Sharia and the governing legal system has double importance since these experiences can lead to severe individual, social, and legal consequences. Sexual desire is defined as the sum of forces that move us towards a sexual behavior or away from it. The present research aimed to analyze sexual desire perception of a group of women, who were left behind due to their husbands’ migration, in the city of Lar. Lar City is located in the south of Fras Province and Lari men migrate to the Persian Gulf countries in order to find a job. With their international migration, their wives, who are left for a time, encounter many problems and challenges, including sexual issues. Due to sensitivity to this subject, researching on which is a taboo in Iran, a qualitative research, particularly a phenomenological study, was recognized to be suitable for exploring these women’s perceptions and lived experiences of sexuality. Based on the research logic, the main questions formulated were as follows: How do the Lari women left behind due to their husbands’ migration understand their sexual needs? How do their sexual needs are regulated and managed, while their husbands are present or absent? What are their most important concerns regarding their sexual needs and affairs? What are their self- perceptions and self-experiences of others’ sexual practices? Materials & Methods Due to the importance and extreme sensitivity of the issue, the lived experiences of sexuality of 14 women, who had been left behind because of their husbands’ migration in Lar City, were studied phenomenologically in this essay. The participants were chosen based on a non-probable and targeted sampling method. In addition, to understand the experiences and perceptions of the women with different characteristics, the criterion of maximum diversity was considered in the selection of samples. The diverse criteria included age, duration of husband's presence and absence, participant’s level of education, number of children, etc. The interviewees and data were linked via a kind of zigzagging and non-linear analysis. Before conducting the interviews, the rationale and purpose of the research were explained to the participants. Their informal consents to participate in the interviews were considered. The mean duration of the unstructured and semi-structured interviews in some cases was 75-90 minutes. The participants’ voices were recorded with their permissions. The interviews were conducted in person and by phone during December of 2021 to September of 2022. The procedure was taken as follows: After each interview, the recorded conversations were first implemented verbatim on paper and then analyzed as soon as possible. Afterwards, some other people were selected and interviewed based on the logic of maximum diversity or snowball sampling. The interviews were continued until their topics were felt to be almost repetitive and no new points were expressed by the participants. The data analysis was done by implementing 7 methodological steps according to Collaizi’s thematic analysis method. Discussion of Results & Conclusion: The studied women's experiences of sexuality could be explored and described under 3 central themes: 1) conscious management of high mental-sexual obsession; 2) concerned curiosity about husband's sexual relationship; and 3) sexualization of social relations. These themes were explicated under more minor sub-themes and clusters. As the broadest theme, conscious management of high mental-sexual obsession reflected this perception that these women used alternative strategies, such as repressing and sublimating themselves through more legitimate socially-culturally channels, such as reading, praying, hanging out with children, etc. Regarding their worries about their husbands’ sexual relationships, they tried to justify themselves in any ways by thinking that they trusted their husbands completely, their husbands were not involved in these activities, or they are too busy to think about such things. Sexualization of social relations represented the experience that these women were known as lonely women, who themselves had to constantly monitor their relationships with strange and non-familiar men, in their living places in order to keep themselves from being known as sexualized women and thus not being stigmatized or famed as promiscuous women. In general, the left-behind women's qualities of sexual life had some ups and downs, while they had to manage their lives in this small society and adapt themselves to this social context.
Experiencing Responsibility Mäder, Marie-Therese
Journal for Religion, Film and Media,
11/2022, Volume:
8, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
One central concept in media ethics – and in the field of applied ethics more broadly – is “responsibility”. This contribution asks how the term “responsibility” can be considered productively in the ...classroom. Since responsibility is always tied to agents, their actions, and the consequences of these actions, the agents involved in the spaces of production, representation, distribution, and consumption are identified. The phenomenological method of “lived experience”, on which I draw as a pedagogical framework, offers a particularly fruitful approach for engaging responsibility in action. The framework draws specific attention to the students’ viewing experience. These considerations are then discussed in the context of the short documentary 4.1 Miles (Daphne Matziaraki, GR/US 2016, 22′). The film, which addresses the refugee crisis on the Greek island of Lesbos, follows the captain of a coastguard ship and his crew.
Husserl endeavoured to establish phenomenology as a ‘rigorous science’ and therefore linked its development to methodological considerations from the very beginning. Such considerations are often ...lacking in current debates on political phenomenology. This article aims to remedy this deficit. It argues that political phenomenology reinterprets Husserl’s methodological principles of epoché and reduction and transforms them into what can be termed interrogation and exposition. In addition, a further, often overlooked, principle of Husserl’s method is uncovered, which is referred to here as demonstration. It is through this triad of interrogation, exposition and demonstration that contemporary political phenomenology adapts and transforms the method of classical phenomenology. The topics of whiteness and race are employed to show how these principles can facilitate the analysis of political struggles.
I begin by highlighting central texts from Aristotle that demonstrate both an appreciation of the rich coupling of subject and object that has been the subject of much of the most exciting and ...innovative phenomenological work and a fundamental methodological commitment to answering to the terms of experience. I then turn to Plato's dramatic portrayals of Socrates' distinctive practice-the "Socratic method"-first to document the subtlety that Socrates displays in his dialogical embrace of the description of lived experience and then, with him, to see the depths of existential change that are integral to the commitment to this method.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN) which is highly prevalent is called a silent killer because it is asymptomatic at its early stages. Moreover, personal and social factors have been reported as ...effective causes of HTN. In this regard, the present study was aimed at investigating the lived experiences of patients with HTN living in Soran District, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, in 2018. METHODS: The current study was conducted by a qualitative method. In so doing, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 patients with HTN who referred to Ashti Hospital in Soran District in 2018. To analyze the recorded and transcribed interviews, Van Manen’s (1990) hermeneutic phenomenological method was employed, and finally the themes were obtained. RESULTS: Data analysis led to appearance of four main themes which were: denial and ignorance of the disease, disturbance in social and familial life, interference with physical and mental health, and treatment difficulty. CONCLUSION: Given the themes obtained from analyzing the interviews, medical teams are recommended to convince patients with HTN about seriousness of their disease and help them with their physical and mental health. Also, families of such patients are advised to learn how to deal with them while their blood pressure (BP) is high. And finally, governmental authorities are suggested to provide such patients with insurance services so they can afford the treatment costs.
PDF
