Existing guidance on evaluating the quality of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) research has provided criteria to assess work as good, acceptable or unacceptable. Given that IPA has ...become a well-established member of the qualitative methods repertoire, we think it is valuable now to focus in much more detail on the particular qualities that are the hallmark of high quality IPA research. Here we present four such qualities which are discussed in detail and illustrated through the use of exemplars from excellent IPA work. The qualities are: constructing a compelling, unfolding narrative; developing a vigorous experiential and/or existential account; close analytic reading of participants' words; attending to convergence and divergence. Finally, the four qualities are briefly considered in relation to the theoretical underpinnings of IPA.
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Researchers using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) within applied research typically use homogenous samples exploring shared perspectives on a single phenomenon of interest. This ...article explores the challenges and opportunities involved with developing rigorous and epistemologically coherent research designs for capturing more complex and systemic experiential phenomena, through the use of multiple perspectives to explore the same phenomenon. We outline a series of multiple perspective designs and analytic procedures that can be adapted and used across many diverse settings and populations. Whilst building upon existing approaches within qualitative methods and IPA, these designs and procedures are intended to scaffold clear routes to practical application, psychological intervention, the design of behaviour change interventions, and other recommendations for policy and practice. We discuss a variety of conceptual antecedents which situate these designs within phenomenology, pluralistic idiography, qualitative psychology, and wider debates within psychology and other social and behavioural sciences.
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Increasingly, researchers are recognizing the benefits of expanding research designs that are rooted in one tradition (i.e., monomethod design) into a design that incorporates or interfaces with the ...other tradition. The flexibility of phenomenologically driven methods provides one such example. Indeed, phenomenological research methods work extremely well as a component of mixed methods research approaches. However, to date, a mixed methods version of phenomenological research has not been formally conceptualized. Thus, the purpose of this article is twofold. First, we provide a philosophical justification for using what we call mixed methods phenomenological research (MMPR). Second, we provide examples of MMPR in practice to underline a number of potential models for MMPR that can practically be used in future research.
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In the context of qualitative research, the objective in this study is to address the basic underpinnings and the potential applications of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a ...theoretical-methodological framework. IPA is grounded in concepts and the articulation of three knowledge areas: phenomenology, hermeneutics and idiography. This text deals with the introduction and characteristics, potentialities, limitations of, and - more specifically- introduce and discusses theoretical and practical IPA applications in research. Although it is well established internationally, a limited number of studies in Brazil are grounded in IPA. Therefore, this paper is expected to contribute to the dissemination of the approach in the Brazilian context by filling the existing gap and, as a result, inspire and encourage the development of new studies.
This paper aims to make a reflection about phenomenological research from the matter of ethics. The start point is the idea of that, in the investigation of human, ethics comes before epistemology ...and that, therefore, it would concer to any knowledge of this field to make questions about the place of what is purged by scientific method. It is pointed that such problem happens even with phenomenologically oriented researches, once that often many of them think about the problem of unity, but seldom think about the place of the difference that this unity may contain. It is understood that the concept of intentionality, that put together several phenomenological perspectives, such as Husserl's, Heidegger's, Merleau-Ponty's and Gadamer's, brings on itself questions that wrap the relationship between universal and particular, as well as ethical nuances, but there is not an operational description of how these questions become concrete in empirical research. As a solution to this problem, it is suggested a pragmatic-ethical solution, so that researcher must explain more clearly and operationally how phenomenological principles affect the research (pragmatic dimension), as well as it is also suggested that he must evidence the historical-relational dimension from wich he produces knowledge. Therefore, it is believed, it keeps preserved historicity and temporariness contained in the construction of knowledge.
In this article I offer a theoretical account of interpretative phenomenological analysis's (IPA's) position in relation to meaning-making by participant and researcher. In doing this, I draw on a ...range of theoretical writing on meaning. I then apply these ideas to a series of empirical studies on pain which I have been involved in. The intention, therefore, is for the article to contribute a theoretically informed and empirically grounded extension to the literature on IPA.
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Patients with heart failure have difficulty recognizing and identifying changes in bodily sensations, despite the importance of symptom monitoring. The way patients with heart failure experience ...their bodies from exacerbation to recovery is poorly understood. We aimed to describe the lived bodily experience of heart failure from exacerbation to recovery. Participatory observations and interviews were conducted in seven patients admitted to the intensive care unit with worsening heart failure. Benner's interpretive phenomenology was used for analysis. Four major themes were identified: a non-functional body becomes the central concern and an object; being conscious of bodily changes before hospitalization when asked; the central concern shifted to daily life and the body becomes the background; and having a feeling of death in the body that no longer functions or a weakened body after recovery. This study found that patients with heart failure were conscious and concerned about their bodies changing as they underwent rapid changes during exacerbations and recovery. In addition, immediately after their bodies recovered and until they were discharged from the hospital, they looked toward their daily lives through their bodily experiences during heart failure exacerbation. The lived bodily experience of heart failure, which is less conscious in daily life, is made conscious through storytelling in the period immediately following recovery from an acute exacerbation and can be the basis for subsequent self-care exploration.Patients with heart failure have difficulty recognizing and identifying changes in bodily sensations, despite the importance of symptom monitoring. The way patients with heart failure experience their bodies from exacerbation to recovery is poorly understood. We aimed to describe the lived bodily experience of heart failure from exacerbation to recovery. Participatory observations and interviews were conducted in seven patients admitted to the intensive care unit with worsening heart failure. Benner's interpretive phenomenology was used for analysis. Four major themes were identified: a non-functional body becomes the central concern and an object; being conscious of bodily changes before hospitalization when asked; the central concern shifted to daily life and the body becomes the background; and having a feeling of death in the body that no longer functions or a weakened body after recovery. This study found that patients with heart failure were conscious and concerned about their bodies changing as they underwent rapid changes during exacerbations and recovery. In addition, immediately after their bodies recovered and until they were discharged from the hospital, they looked toward their daily lives through their bodily experiences during heart failure exacerbation. The lived bodily experience of heart failure, which is less conscious in daily life, is made conscious through storytelling in the period immediately following recovery from an acute exacerbation and can be the basis for subsequent self-care exploration.
Doing phenomenological research entails a complex process that is only minimally published in scientific journals. What is often missing reflects how being in research calls into question the ...researchers themselves. Anyone who has conducted qualitative empirical research knows that personal engagement does not come at no cost; there are multiple pedagogical and professional practice gains. This article’s aim is to share the phenomenology behind phenomenology: the reflection and personal experience of doing/being in phenomenological research and the personal narrative of what this experience has meant concerning the authors' own context: health care and nursing. Taking advantage of a conducted research exploring the lived experience of family caregivers of hematological patients assisted at home, we propose considerations about the perceived epistemic and cognitive gains, the formative and personal/professional sequels of having been reflective participants of phenomenologically oriented research.
Phenomenological approach is one of the leading approaches in the practice of qualitative psychological research. Two perspectives can be distinguished in it: descriptive phenomenology and ...interpretive phenomenology. A researcher intending to apply a phenomenological strategy is expected to be able to practice the phenomenological attitude, which plays a key role both in the process of data collection and analysis. This article focuses on the field of descriptive phenomenology based on E. Husserl’s philosophy and represented by A. Giorgi and F. Wertz in the context of phenomenological psychology. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essential characteristics of the phenomenological attitude, to unfold theoretical emphases and to provide certain practical insights for those researchers who decided to conduct a descriptive phenomenological study. Literature analysis is used to achieve the goal. The phenomenological attitude is described using two contexts – E. Husserl’s phenomenological philosophy and the phenomenological psychology based on its assumptions – briefly presenting both, revealing their connections and distinguishing features.
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Aim
The aim of this paper was to discuss how to understand and undertake thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology. Methodological principles to guide the process of analysis are offered ...grounded on phenomenological philosophy. This is further discussed in relation to how scientific rigour and validity can be achieved.
Design
This is a discursive article on thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology.
Results
This paper takes thematic analysis based on a descriptive phenomenological tradition forward and provides a useful description on how to undertake the analysis. Ontological and epistemological foundations of descriptive phenomenology are outlined. Methodological principles are explained to guide the process of analysis, as well as help to understand validity and rigour. Researchers and students in nursing and midwifery conducting qualitative research need comprehensible and valid methods to analyse the meaning of lived experiences and organize data in meaningful ways.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
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