Photo documentation (color slides) of abnormal optic nerve heads enable the clinician to accurately access or estimate the percentage of the optic nerve cupping to quantify the progression of ...glaucoma. The purpose of this study is to compare cupping estimations using digital images on a computer monitor to those using standard color slides.
Ten sets of stereo optic nerve head photos from six glaucoma suspects were used in this study. A set is two 35-mm pictures of one optic nerve head. The film was developed as standard color slides using Seattle Filmworks slide developing. The computer monitor photoimages used Seattle Photoworks software for photos on disk. Thirteen experienced examiners estimated cupping on the 10 sets of color slides and on the 10 sets of digital images. Standard criterion was used to estimate the C/D percentage. We used a three-way mixed model ANOVA experimental design to analyze the data.
Examiner estimations of C/D differed slightly between color slides and computer monitor photoimages (mean C/D of 61.1% for slides to 63.7% for monitor). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.033). The differences authors found were not clinically significant (10%) in 7 out of the 10 optic nerve head photos using the accepted standard of interexaminer reliability. The variations of the examiner estimations as well as interexaminer differences will be discussed.
The use of a computer image photodisplay of an optic nerve head has a potential as an alternative to traditional slide photodocumentation. This study identifies problems which require more work to make these computer images the equivalent of color slides.
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The objective of this article is to assess the quality of digital images versus standard 35-mm photodocumentation and to undertake a comparative assessment of 35-mm and digital photography in a ...clinical setting in facial plastic surgery. For evaluation of image quality, 10 subjects had images captured via a conventional 35-mm single lens reflex (SLR) camera and a digital camera under identical lighting conditions. The digital images were transferred to computer hard drive and processed for production of slides. Direct side-by-side comparison of projected images was performed by the authors. The standard photographic slides were of slightly finer detail and crispness than the computer-generated images. In a clinical setting, the quality of both the 35-mm and digital photographs enables complete preoperative evaluation and assessment of postsurgical outcome.
The reliability of estimating the cup to disc (C/D) ratio using a retinal camera photograph was compared to the same task using a photograph taken with the slit-lamp and +90 D lens. Twenty observers ...(10 optometry students, 10 faculty members) were asked to judge the C/D ratio of four eyes by the two photographic methods. When comparing the two clinically accepted photographic methods, statistically significant differences were noted for the vertical dimension estimate in two of four eyes. However, these differences were not clinically significant. C/D ratio estimates with the retinal camera photograph were typically larger than those of the slitlamp and +90 D lens photograph. Neither photographic method provided an advantage or disadvantage to clinicians with different levels of experience.
Observant Jews Shandler, Jeffrey
Jews, God, and Videotape,
04/2009
Book Chapter
Elsewhere in this book I examine media that is professionally produced and mass marketed. But American Jewish religious life also engages media works created by amateurs and small-scale ...professionals, typically for a limited audience. Indeed, the audience for these works is often confined to the creators themselves. Far from diminishing the significance of these media works, their intimate scale of production, circulation, reception, and inventory can facilitate intense engagement with the nexus of media and religion. Perhaps nowhere else are American Jews so thoroughly involved in issues arising from this interrelation than in these works of personal media. Indeed, I
For differentiation of unilateral reduction of visual acuity in patients with clear media and normal fundi, the Swinging Flashlight Test was used. Optic neuropathies as a rule give pathological ...results. On the other hand refraction scotomas, functional amblyopias and malingering produce a normal outcome of this test in general. For documentation of afferent pupillary defects a photographic method is described. Electronystagmography is advocated as a method for detection of malingerers and neurotics among patients complaining of acute uni- or bilateral visual acuity reduction. Optokinetic nystagmus is recorded using Bangerter's filters in front of the patient's eye. This method allows a certain estimation of the visual acuity.
