Many abstract phenomena and concepts can be described with the help of language. The world is perceived through language and language is one of the tools for describing it. Starting point of my ...article forms the concept of the linguistic worldview Bartmiński (2012). Particular means of expression are phrasemes, which reflect in a compact way the perception of the world by the users of a certain language. As part of the research, a comparative analysis of the German and Polish phrasemes is carried out, the obligatory component of which is the lexeme Hand/ręka. The empirical material comes from the phraseological dictionaries of both languages. Phraseological units are divided into groups according to their semantics. The aim of the analysis is to show the variety of meanings of the examined phrasemes and the possibilities of expression that the structures mentioned above open up for us. The analysis of the compiled corpus allows a general conclusion to be drawn: the semantic groups of phrasemes that have been created and examined, which contain the lexeme Hand/ręka, show a visible symmetry. Among other things, it can result from the fact that the hand and its functions are perceived in a similar way in both German and Polish, which seems to be important information for the linguistic worldview of both cultures. The added value lies primarily in gaining insights into the linguistic worldview of both cultures and thus preventing linguistic decals, incomprehension or linguistic rudeness that result from a lack of knowledge of the possible different meanings of certain expressions between languages. This analysis can contribute to further research into the linguistic world view that is visible in phrasemes with the lexeme Hand/ręka.
Fixed combinations of words, which are the subject of phraseology research, are characterized by different functions in communication. The topic of the use of phraseological units in certain texts or ...text types, i.e. their pragmatic potential, was examined in the work of Koller (1977) or Gülich (1978) at the end of the 1970s. The aim of the article is to discuss the results of a new publication from this area by Lüger/Bergerová/Schuppener (2021). It is an anthology that is divided into two thematic areas: phrasemes and their productivity as well as phrasemes in the text and in the discourse, and is rounded off with two reviews of current phraseological works. The collective monograph comprises a total of ten articles in which the problem of the communicative potential of phrases is examined from different perspectives. Various types of text are examined for the use of phraseologisms and their role in communication, e.g. press articles, multimodal online texts, advertisements, press horoscopes, election campaign speeches, etc. Depending on their own research goal and method, the authors concentrate in their investigations on a phrase or analyze the general occurrence of phraseologisms in a specific text. The contributions presented in the volume are not committed to a uniform methodology or material basis, which in this sense can be regarded as a great advantage. This is the basis of the variety of perspectives and the broad insight into the topic.
Phrasemes consist of several lexical components, have certain syntactic restrictions, and are used as fixed word combinations. They have an evaluative function or can express attitudes and emotions. ...Martin and White (2005) understand evaluation as attitude, engagement, and graduation. The present article addresses the role of phrasemes in the domain of attitudes related to judgments. The domain of judgment expresses people's attitudes towards certain behaviors, in other words, it is described how (un)able, (un)usual, (un)determined, (un)truthful and (un)ethical someone is. The world crisis that appeared at the time of the corona crisis triggered frustration and revolt against the existing situation among many people. In comments on the subject of the world crisis, readers express their opinions and attitudes toward economic policy measures. It is assumed that they use phrasemes to express their negative attitudes. The corpus is Croatian and German reader comments on the world crisis in the Corona period. The following questions will be answered: How often are phrasemes used to express negative attitudes in reader comments? Who or what is evaluated with phrasemes? Are there interlingual differences in the evaluation expression in Croatian and German reader comments? The aim is to investigate interlingual differences in the use of phrasemes to express assessment.
It has been proven that phraseology is a linguistic science of phraseological units, which are stable, differently shaped units of language with a fixed meaning, constant composition, and ...indecomposable structure. Phraseology covers both a set of expressive means of language that are equivalent to words and a special language level whose units are not equivalent to words but only correlate with them. This understanding of a phraseological unit allows us to include in phraseology many clichés inherent in different literary styles, as well as literary quotations, catchphrases, folk proverbs, and sayings. However, such a definition of phraseology is not rigid enough, since it does not consider the structural and semantic differences between all types of phraseological units. It has been proven that phraseological units with numerals as secondary units represent deviations from the traditional structure and semantics of the original word combinations. The study of surface and deep structures is relevant, given the current importance of cognitive research and the explication of the nature of the human factor. Recognition of cognitive significance is quite relevant for their adequate reproduction in the target languages. They are characterized by linguistic stability and formal and semantic integrity. These units belong to linguistic constructions with the appropriate structure, semantics, and pragmatics. In contrast to variable phrases, these polysemous units are marked by bipolarity - open processes of convergence and divergence.
The current works related to analysing value in Polish dialects have been presented in the article. The author has selected six types of values. For each of them, two opposite values in the form of ...adjectives have been chosen. The author has shown how these values are expressed by dialectal phrasemes.Cognitive values: wise (e. g. mądry jak Salomon as wise as Solomon) – stupid (e. g. głupi jak motyka as stupid as a hoe).Moral values: good (e. g. dobry jak lato as good as summer) – evil (e. g. zły jak czart as bad as the devil).Vital values: healthy (e. g. zdrowy jak dzwon as healthy as a bell) – ill (e. g. chory na śmierć ill with death).Values of feelings: satiated (e. g. wiatrem syt satiated with wind) – hungry (e. g. głodny jak Żydowa kobyła as hungry as a Jew’s horse).Aesthetic values: beautiful (e. g. piękny jak z obrazka as beautiful as from a picture) – ugly (e. g. brzydki jak papuga as ugly as a parrot).Economic values: rich (e. g. bogaty jak patyk w lesie as rich as a stick in the forest) – poor (e. g. biedny jak mysz as poor as a mouse).
The basic aim of the article is to present a body of scholarly material which has not been included in the lexicographical publication entitled „Słownik frazeologizmów z archaizmami. Pamiątki ...przeszłości” because of the methodological assumptions which have been adopted. The text takes into account selected terminological combinations, with special reference to those which gained currency in colloquial usage e.g.: bieg wsteczny ‘reverse gear’, lusterko wsteczne ‘rear view mirror’, dom zdrojowy ‘spa’, katar sienny ‘hay fever’, udar mózgu ‘stroke’, wotum zaufania ‘motion of confidence’, wotum nieufności ‘motion of no confidence’, ząb sieczny ‘incisor (tooth)’.
A controversial issue for teachers of German as a foreign language is the balance between content and form. This also applies to vocabulary work in the field of phraseology. The modeling of language ...competence in the communicative approach is based on the understanding of language as a means of communication. Accordingly, the primary claim of communicative language didactics is to go beyond the description of structures of the foreign language and to place appropriate, situated linguistic action at the center of teaching. Against this theoretical background, content-oriented approaches such as Task-Based Learning have emerged in foreign language didactics, which emphasize the communicative aspect of language and place the didactic emphasis on situated, authentic tasks. Nevertheless, this emphasis did not lead to the suppression of form-based approaches which consider precision in language mastery by focusing on formal aspects through exercises to be necessary and desirable.This paper examines the question of the importance of exercises and tasks in phraseology-based vocabulary work. Against the theoretical background of the approaches of Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Focus on Form (FoF), possibilities for the integration of content-oriented and form-focussing teaching concepts for the promotion of phraseological competence are shown by means of concrete examples. Furthermore, the question of their balance in teaching is discussed.
The paper presents the results of the corpus and lexicographical analysis of two Modern Greek constructional phrasemes (a class of phraseologisms distinguished by A. N. Baranov and D. O. ...Dobrovol’skij) with antonymous verbs in their fixed part — Χ τον ανεβάζει, Χ / Y τον κατεβά-
ζει and Χ μπαίνει, Χ βγαίνει. It is noted that though these constructional phrasemes have different meanings and dissimilar functions in the sentence there is structural and semantic similarity between them. The two phrasemes represent a rhyming two-part structure, whose main lexical “anchors” are antonymous locative verbs expressing a counter-directional movement of a subject or an object in space. It is shown that the pairs of the antonymous verbs become desemanticized and the relation of antonymy between them becomes lost as they form the fixed part of the constructional phrasemes. It is emphasized that at the same time the original locative meaning of the verbs adds it imagery to the semantic content of these phrasemes, becoming the basis of their inner form, and determines some part of their meaning — the meaning of multitude of repeating situations. The paper also takes into consideration some idiomatical constructions of other languages that have similar meanings to those of the Greek constructional phrasemes. It is demonstrated that many of these constructions are also formed by means of locative antonyms, which provides evidence to suggest that this type of inner form is frequent among phraseologisms denoting multitude of repeating situations.
The aim of the article is describing and analysing phrasematics from Słownik warmiński There are over two hundreds phrasemes and most of them are placed in quotes or in the author’s commentsThe ...Author described the collected material using Lewicki’s phraseological division into types, including proverbs (e g Skumpi dubel traci) and showed sample phrasemes belonging to the thematic fields such as poverty and health, stupidity and wisdom, features of character, drinking alcohol, and violence The last part of the article concerns the phenomenon of variance in dialects and it shows that a dialect can express the same thing in many different ways (eg dressing up yourself or someone else excessively).
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