Microalgae have the ability to grow rapidly in wastewater to remove pollutants and produce pigments. This study was carried out to identify candidate microalgae with high pigment content and powerful ...purification capacity for potato wastewater. Eight species (five Scenedesmus and three Desmodesmus) were tested in a laboratory experiment. The results showed that Scenedesmus sp. HXY5 grew best in potato wastewater within 7 days, yielding the highest biomass (2.64 g L−1). Scenedesmus sp. HXY5 also exhibited excellent wastewater purification ability, achieving removal efficiencies of 59%, 32%, and 93% for total dissolved nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand, respectively. Additionally, Scenedesmus sp. HXY5 achieved the highest total pigment yield (18.45 mg L−1), with a lutein yield of 11.46 mg L−1. Our results indicated that Scenedesmus sp. HXY5 showed great potential for purifying potato wastewater and producing pigments.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Scandium (Sc) applications in solid oxygen fuel cells, aeronautics and heat exchange systems are forecasted to increase significantly without a sufficient continuous Sc supply for Europe. ScaVanger ...is an EU project for upscaling Sc extraction and purification technologies from various TiO2 pigment production residues. High purity Sc2O3 and ScF3 will be produced at competitive prices for the EU market. The ScaVanger process is expected to result in a 10% higher production rate and higher product purity as processing starts with a unique cleaning process of actinides. The first plant at a major European TiO2 pigment production site will be supplying about 30 t/a of Sc2O3.
Compared with processing high-TiO2 concentrates such as ilmenite ores, processing an anatase ore to achieve impurity levels acceptable for pigment production is more difficult because of the ...extensive number of accessory minerals present, the significant intergrowths between minerals and the fact that impurity elements may be distributed in several different minerals. In this paper, conditions applicable to processing anatase ores are reviewed with an aim of identifying conditions that may produce a suitable feedstock for processing to titania pigment by either the sulphate or chloride routes.
Anatase ores containing 25–35 wt% TiO2 currently are processed using mineral dressing techniques of crushing and grinding, classification, magnetic separation and flotation to produce a concentrate with around 65 wt% TiO2. This concentrate is then typically upgraded to over 90 wt% TiO2 using combinations of heating and leaching treatments, often with the addition of a fluxing reagent to assist in impurity removal. The suitability of these products as a feedstock for the sulphate and chloride routes to pigment is discussed.
•Processing anatase ores for pigment production is difficult compared to ilmenite ores.•Processing techniques involving roasting leaching and solvent extraction are reviewed.•Anatase-rich ores with 25–35 wt% TiO2 can be upgraded to >90 wt% TiO2.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Production of transgenic plants with desired agronomic and horticultural traits has gained great importance to fulfill demands of the growing population. Genetic transformation is also a fundamental ...step to study basics of plant sciences. Different transformation protocols have been developed and used which are reliable and efficient. These protocols used antibiotic or herbicide resistance genes incorporated along with gene of interest to identify transformed plants from non-transformed ones. These marker genes may pose a threat to human and environment. Use of visual markers enables direct and easier observation of transformed plants with more precision. In current study a gene cassette with 'pigment production hydroxylase (PPH) gene under fiber specific promoter (GhSCFP) and downstream Nos-terminator was designed. After checking the structural and functional efficiency of codon optimized gene using bioinformatics tools, the cassette was sent for chemical synthesis from commercial source. The pigment gene cassette (PPH_CEMB), cloned in pCAMBIA-1301, was transformed into Agrobacterium through electroporation. Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip method was used to transform Camelina sativa inflorescence. After seed setting a total of 600 seed were observed for change in color and out of these, 19 seeds developed a reddish-brown coloration, while the remaining 581 seeds remained yellow. The transformation efficiency calculated on basis of color change was 1.0%. PCR analysis of leaves obtained after sowing reddish seeds confirmed the transformation of pigment production gene, while no PCR amplification was observed in leaves of plants from wild type seeds. From the results it is evident that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of C. sativa inflorescence is very efficient and environment friendly technique not only for detection of transformed plants but also to study basic cellular processes.
Today, the use of nutrients derived from natural bioactive compounds application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries is on the increase. This paper aimed to evaluate the amino acids ...profile (essential and non-essential) and pigments composition (chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and phycocyanin) of Arthrospira platensis (a blue-green microalga) cultivation in a flat-plate photobioreactor under various types of light-emitting diodes (red: 620-680 nm, white: 380-780 nm, yellow: 570-600nm, blue: 445-480 nm). The maximum biomass concentration (604.96 mg L
−1
) occurred when the red LED was applied for cultivation, and the minimum biomass concentration (279.39 mg L
−1
) was obtained under blue LED. The sequence of pigments and amino acids concentrations (mg L
−1
culture volume
) was approximately in accordance with the biomass productivity. It means the red light produces the maximum concentration of pigments (chlorophyll a: 5.42, carotenoids: 2.92, phycocyanin: 67.54 mg L
−1
) and amino acids (essential amino acids: 110.47, nonessential amino acids: 179.10 mg L
−1
). Nevertheless, when these values were measured in mg per g of dry weight, the utmost contents were observed in microalgal products cultivated under blue LED. These consequences are due to the highest cell productivity and the most extended length of cells that occurred under red and blue LEDs, respectively.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an adaptable bacterial pathogen that infects a variety of organs, including the respiratory tract, vascular system, urinary tract, and central nervous system, causing ...significant morbidity and mortality. As the primary goal of this study, we wanted to determine how pigment color production differed between clinical strains of P. aeruginosa, and whether or not that variation was associated with multidrug resistance or the ability to form biofilms. We screened in total 30.1% of yellow, 39.8% green and 30.1% of no pigment-producing P. aeruginosa strains from a total of 143 various clinical isolates. Yellow pigment-producing strains presented significant resistance to antibiotics groups, including beta-lactam (91.5%), aminoglycosides (70.5%), and carbapenems (51.9%) compared to green and non-pigmented strains. Notably, 16.3% of yellow pigment-producing strains were resistant to colistin which is used as a last-resort treatment for multidrug-resistant bacteria, whereas only 2.3% of non-pigmented and 1.8% of green pigmented strains were resistant to colistin. Aside from that, yellow pigment-producing strains were frequent producers of enzymes belonging to the lactamase family, including ESBL (55.6%), MBL (55.6%), and AmpC (50%). Compared to the green groups (7.14%) and non-pigmented groups (28.5%), they had a higher frequency of efflux positive groups (64.2%). Notably, when compared to non-pigmented groups, green pigment-producing strains also displayed antibiotic susceptibility behavior similar to yellow pigment-producing strains. The majority of yellow pigment-producing strains outperformed the green and non-pigmented strains in terms of MIC levels when compared to the other two groups of strains. Despite the fact that previous studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between multidrug resistance behaviors and biofilm production, no such statistically significant association between pigment and biofilm formation was found in our investigation. Our research has demonstrated that the correlation of bacterial pigments on their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Yellow pigment-producing P. aeruginosa strains posed a significant problem due to the lack of alternative agents against such transformed strains, which may be associated with the development of multidrug resistance. Graphical Keywords: Pigment production, beta-Lactamase, Minimal inhibitory concentration, Biofilm, Drug efflux, Multidrug resistance
The ultraviolet-screening pigment scytonemin is bio-synthesized in some sheathed cyanobacteria, exhibiting important ecological and medicinal values. Scytonemin is recognized to be predominantly ...induced by ultraviolet (UV)-A/B, but UV radiation is often inhibitory for cyanobacterial biomass increase. Here, we found that short-term shock (within 1 h) of natural sunlight could trigger a persistent production of scytonemin in cell suspension culture of Nostoc flagelliforme for several days. We thus exposed the cultures to solar radiation with different time intervals and durations, and found that everyday 30-min solar irradiation was the most effective for achieving the scytonemin production with less growth inhibition. Besides, the technological potential could be advanced by supplementing NaHCO3 or tryptophan in the cultural medium. This work presents a good example of rationally utilizing environmental solar radiation for effectively producing UV-inducible biochemicals in cyanobacteria.
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•Short-term solar irradiation can induce persistent biosynthesis of scytonemin•Efficient scytonemin production by 60 min solar irradiation of every two days•More effective production of scytonemin by everyday 30 min solar irradiation•Elevated scytonemin production by adding NaHCO3 or tryptophan in medium
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Skin color is an important phenotypic feature of vertebrate fitness under natural conditions. Celestial goldfish, a common goldfish breed in China, mainly shows three kinds of skin colors including ...white, yellow and brown. However, the molecular genetic basis of this phenotype is still unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was carried out on the back skin tissues of celestial goldfish with different skin colors. About 58.46 Gb of original data were generated, filtered and blasted, and 74,297 mRNAs were obtained according to the reference transcriptome. A total of 4653 differentially expressed genes were screened out among the brown, yellow and white groups, and the expression of melanogenesis related genes in brown goldfish was significantly higher than the other two groups. There are 19 common differentially expressed genes among three groups, of which eight genes are related to pigment production, including
,
,
,
,
,
,
and
. RT-qPCR verified that the expression patterns of randomly selected differentially expressed transcripts were highly consistent with those obtained by RNA sequencing. GO and KEGG annotation revealed that these differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched in pathways of the production of pigment, including melanogenesis, tyrosine metabolism,
signaling pathway,
signaling pathway etc. These results indicated that the external characteristics of goldfish are consistent with the analysis results at transcriptome level. The results of this study will lay a foundation for further study on the expression characteristics and gene network analysis of pigment related genes.
Abstract
In this study, the phytotoxicity of disinfectants prepared on the base of sodium hypochlorite was determined. For our tests two commercial products, Savo and Dom Amor, as well as 10% NaClO ...solution were used. While Savo contained only NaClO, Dom Amor contained NaClO and earthworm enzymes. Products on the base of NaClO are used in households for cleaning and disinfection of floors, furniture, sanitary and kitchen equipment. Savo may be used for the disinfection of drinking waters as well. Products with NaClO are also used for bacteria, algae and pathogens reduction in irrigation waters. As a subject, young seedlings of mustard
Sinapis alba
L. were used for the study of chronic toxicity. The observed parameters of the inhibition of roots and shoots growth, dry (DM) and fresh (FM) mass as well as photosynthetic pigments production (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids) and water content in the plants were determined. The results point out that Dom Amor was the most toxic for
S. alba
seedlings growth and the rank order of the FAC contents for both plant parts was arranged as: Dom Amor > Savo > NaClO. All disinfectants reduced the DM and FM of roots; however, they stimulated biomass production in the shoots. On the basis of the obtained results it could be concluded, that disinfectants stimulated photosynthetic pigments production and reduced water content mainly in the roots. Dom Amor did not significantly reduced the water content in the shoots and for this parameter the following rank orders of inhibition for roots and shoots could be arranged as NaClO > Dom Amor > Savo and NaClO > Savo > Dom Amor, respectively. All commercial products increased chlorophyll a (Chla) and the carotenoids (Car) content in the shoots. As significant increase was confirmed first for Chla whose content in the presence of NaClO at concentration 24 mL/L overextended that in the control by 3.5 times. The rank orders of stimulation for Chla and Car were NaClO > Savo > Dom Amor and Dom Amor > NaClO > Savo, respectively.
The physiological status of phytoplankton, used to determine the quantity and quality of basic food sources in marine ecosystems, can change rapidly due to ambient environmental conditions (e.g., ...light, temperature, and nutrients). To understand the physiological characteristics of phytoplankton, the phytoplankton community composition, pigment concentration, primary production, and pigment production rate were estimated at 100% and 1% light depths in the Philippine Sea during the summer of 2019. The predominant phytoplankton classes at both light depths were
Prochlorococcus
and
Synechococcus
during the study period. Pigment concentrations, except for photoprotective pigment concentrations (i.e., diadinoxanthin and zeaxanthin), were significantly higher (
t
-test, p<0.05) at 1% light depth to increase the light-harvesting efficiency. The production rates of these pigments had a weak correlation with primary production at 100% light depth, whereas they showed a strong positive relationship at 1% light depth. Moreover, all photosynthetic pigments had a significantly faster turnover rate at 100% light depth compared with 1% light depth to obtain light energy to repair PSII subunits damaged by strong light. This suggests that the phytoplankton community, especially cyanobacteria (
Prochlorococcus
and
Synechococcus
), could use light energy absorbed by newly produced photosynthetic pigments for repairing photoinhibition-damaged PSII as well as for production activity. A further study on photosynthetic pigments responding to light conditions must be conducted for a better understanding of the physiological conditions of phytoplankton.
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