Hamilton explores in a short history how all men gained the vote, self-government and the secret ballot in South Australia (1856), Victoria (1857) and New South Wales (1858).
Australia permanently ...democratized without a violent revolution, and at a very early time. In 1851-1858, two thirds elected Legislative Councils in the British colonies of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia drafted laws which gave all men the vote, including Aboriginal and Chinese men, the secret ballot, and self-government of local affairs. This book examines the Legislative Council debates which led to these radical democracies. Debates covered voting eligibility, the secret ballot, the upper house of parliament, equal electorates, multiple voting, illiterate voters, control of Crown lands, terms of parliament, payment of members, and separation of Church and State. British parliamentary tradition was combined with the advanced liberal thinking of the time, Chartism with the British constitution. Through these debates, it can argues that democratization of 1851-58 in the three largest Australian colonies was as fundamental to Australian prosperity as the "mixed" market economy.
A vital text for scholars of democracy as well as those interested in Australian Studies, Australian History, Political Science, Constitutional Law, and about the building blocks of first world prosperity.
This book presents a comprehensive analysis of a remarkable and unexpected outcome of the 2014 referendum on Scottish independence.
Despite defeat in the Scottish referendum, the two leading parties ...in the Yes campaign - the Scottish National Party and Scottish Green Party - experienced an extraordinary surge in membership. The book explains these events, examining the relationship between political parties and social movements, and it assesses the long-term consequences of the surge. Based on surveys of members and interviews with party and movement actors since the referendum, the book analyses the members' involvement in the 2014 referendum, their motives for joining a party, their backgrounds and political attitudes, and their behaviour as party members. A key component of the book is how the surge changed the parties - socio-demographically, ideologically and organisationally.
This book will appeal to scholars, students and observers of electoral politics, political participation, social and political movements, and political parties and their members, and more broadly to those interested in the debate on Scottish independence, British politics and comparative politics.
Las redes sociales tuvieron un papel fundamental en el desarrollo del debate público de las posiciones enfrentadas en el proceso electoral del plebiscito del 2016 en Colombia. La difusión de ...contenido de distinta naturaleza, a través de videos en la red social Facebook, buscaba persuadir a las audiencias con relación a su intención de voto, la legitimidad del proceso y los valores en juego. Este artículo muestra los resultados de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo con mayor influencia dentro de dicho universo de veinte líderes políticos de los bloques del Sí y el No durante la campaña de refrendación de los Acuerdos de Paz en Colombia en 2016. Los resultados evidencian las estrategias de persuasión basadas en el uso de valores culturalmente resonantes, el peso que tiene el prestigio y la legitimidad de los emisores, y la relevancia del uso de emociones en el marco de la movilización político electoral.
Resumen: Este artículo analiza la campaña digital que los partidarios de una nueva Constitución para Chile y los defensores de la elaborada durante la dictadura de Pinochet protagonizaron en Twitter, ...en el marco del plebiscito por el Apruebo o Rechazo realizado en octubre de 2020, en el que 78,27% de los votantes aprobó redactar una nueva carta magna. El análisis digital llevado a cabo operó en dos niveles: primero, en el llamado selective approach, que es volumétrico y analiza tópicos específicos como usuarios, etiquetas, hashtag y trending topics relevantes y, segundo, en el entire field approach, que se fija en las características topológicas de la red. Si bien los defensores del status quo realizaron una campaña que desde el punto de vista volumétrico fue un éxito, el análisis holístico demuestra que ese mismo protagonismo generó conductas digitales homofílicas (Boutyline & Willer, 2016), sobre cuyas bases se construyó una ilusión de mayoría (Lerman et al., 2016).
Politicians distribute money to voters during campaigns in many low-income democracies. Many observers call this practice 'vote buying'. Money for Votes develops an alternative theory of electoral ...clientelism that emphasizes the role of monetary handouts in conveying information to voters, helping politicians enhance the credibility of their promises to deliver development resources and particularistic benefits to their constituents. Supported by interviews, experiments, and surveys in Kenya, and additional evidence from qualitative and survey data from elsewhere in Africa, the study tests the implications of this argument, and traces the consequences of electoral clientelism for voter behaviour, ethnic politics, public goods provision, and democratic accountability. Ultimately, the book suggests that the relationship of electoral clientelism to the quality of democracy is far more nuanced than our instincts might suggest.
This book is the first in a planned trilogy by Pippa Norris on challenges of electoral integrity to be published by Cambridge University Press. Unfortunately too often elections around the globe are ...deeply flawed or even fail. Why does this matter? It is widely suspected that such contests will undermine confidence in elected authorities, damage voting turnout, trigger protests, exacerbate conflict, and occasionally lead to regime change. Well-run elections, by themselves, are insufficient for successful transitions to democracy. But flawed, or even failed, contests are thought to wreck fragile progress. Is there good evidence for these claims? Under what circumstances do failed elections undermine legitimacy? With a global perspective, using new sources of data for mass and elite evidence, this book provides fresh insights into these major issues.
Australia's states and territories have together held more than 50 referendums since Federation in 1901. And yet, as the literature on federal referendums has continued to grow, scholars have largely ...overlooked the rich history of direct democracy at the sub-national level. This article addresses this gap by providing the first comprehensive review of the use and regulation of referendums by the states and two mainland territories. It draws attention to the immense variety of referendum votes on constitutional amendments and contentious policy issues. It also examines rules and practices on a range of matters, including initiation, the form of the question, the status of the result, voting and campaigning. Additionally, the article surveys the overall state and territory referendum record, including the frequency and approval rate of referendums, and compares it to the federal record. The analysis is informed by a referendum dataset compiled from primary sources by the author. The Appendix, which draws on this dataset, presents the first, single repository of accurate information on state and territory referendums, including dates, topics, results, informality and turnout.
Muslim people are found all over the world. Most live outside the
Middle East, from Asia to the Americas. The vast majority of
contemporary Muslims are not fluent in Arabic, and speakers of
languages ...such as Persian, Urdu, and Turkish have made essential
contributions to Islamic history and culture. However, typical
courses on Islam tend to downplay areas beyond the Middle East,
focusing on Arabic texts and elite theological and doctrinal
arguments. This book offers an inclusive view of the diversity and
complexity of the many worlds of Islam, investigating ethics and
aesthetics as much as scriptures and theology. By paying attention
to Muslims who are socially, culturally, doctrinally, or
politically marginalized, it provides a comprehensive and
all-embracing vision of the religion and its many interrelated
communities. Contributors from a range of personal and intellectual
backgrounds explore the capaciousness of Muslim identities, helping
readers achieve a broader understanding of the past, present, and
future of the Muslim world. This book includes communities such as
the Nation of Islam and Alevi Muslims, and it goes beyond rituals
like prayer and fasting to consider a wider array of practices,
such as tattooing. Across the Worlds of Islam is at once
student-friendly and cutting-edge, written with both introductory
courses and general readers in mind. Examining Muslim identity and
practice from the perspective of the margins, it offers nuanced
portraits of Muslim life across geographic and sectarian divisions.
The Case of Jura in Switzerland Simon Mazidi; Liliane Denise Minder
Fédéralisme Régionalisme,
11/2019, Volume:
19, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The separation of the northern Jura region from the Canton of Berne and the resulting creation of the Canton of Jura in 1979 is a rare exception to the otherwise remarkably stable territorial ...structure of Switzerland. The Jura region was strongly determined by overlapping cleavages, as it represented not only a linguistic but also a religious minority in the Canton of Berne. This article examines the demand for territorial autonomy and self-determination of the Jura region that emerged from this distinct cultural and linguistic identity. It examines the reasons that led to the separation of the northern Jura region from the Canton of Berne and how this was organised through a series of plebiscites and referendums on various political levels. The article ends with a look at current developments and ongoing conflicts on the Jura question.
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