V prispevku je predstavljen model nadgradnje geografskih informacijskih sistemov (GIS) v sistem za podporo prostorskemu odločanju (SDSS) in v medmrežni sistem za podporo prostorskemu odločanju (Web ...SDSS). Namen sistemov SDSS je pomagati uporabnikom pri sprejemanju prostorskih odločitev. Primer je določevanje površin za gradnjo objektov, primernih lokacij za odlagališče strupenih odpadkov, določevanje urbanizacije določenega prostora ali določevanje poplavnih območij. V prispevku je predstavljenih tudi nekaj takih sistemov.
A long-dominant reading of American politics holds that public policy in the United States is easily captured by special interest groups. Countering this view, Adam Sheingate traces the development ...of government intervention in agriculture from its nineteenth-century origins to contemporary struggles over farm subsidies. His considered conclusion is that American institutions have not given agricultural interest groups any particular advantages in the policy process, in part because opposing lobbies also enjoy access to policymakers. In fact, the high degree of conflict and pluralism maintained by American institutions made possible substantial retrenchment of the agricultural welfare state during the 1980s and 1990s. In Japan and France--two countries with markedly different institutional characters than the United States-- powerful agricultural interests and a historically close relationship between farmers, bureaucrats, and politicians continue to preclude a roll-back of farm subsidies.This well-crafted study not only puts a new spin on agricultural policy, but also makes a strong case for the broader claim that the relatively decentralized American political system is actually less prone to capture and rule by subgovernments than the more centralized political systems found in France and Japan. Sheingate's historical, comparative approach also demonstrates, in a widely useful way, how past institutional developments shape current policies and options.
Until very recently, elder abuse was a social problem hidden from public view and mostly regarded as a private matter. Evidence is accumulating, however, to indicate that elder abuse, which includes ...the pervasive issue of neglect, is an important public health and societal problem that manifests itself in both developing and developed countries. From a health and social perspective, unless the primary health care and social services sectors are well equipped to identify and deal with the problem, elder abuse will continue to be underdiagnosed and overlooked.WHO Ageing and Life Course Programme and the Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology at the University of Geneva, with partners from all continents, conducted this study in order to develop a strategy to prevent elder abuse within the primary health care context.The study consisted of a qualitative research project in eight participating countries focused on testing questions originally devised by researchers in Montreal. These questions were aimed at raising awareness among health professionals of the issue of elder abuse.
Older people have often been overlooked in disasters and conflicts, and their concerns have rarely been addressed by emergency programs or planners. This analysis seeks to highlight factors that ...particularly affect older people in emergencies, especially health-related concerns, propose a strategy to raise awareness about older people in emergencies and recommend policies and practices to address these considerations. Until recently, older people s needs in disasters and conflicts were addressed only by broader adult health and humanitarian programs. This has changed as several recent emergencies highlighted this population s vulnerabilities. Of the 14 800 deaths in France during the 2003 heat wave, 70% were of people over 75 years. Of the estimated 1330 people who died in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, most were older persons. In Louisiana, 71% of those who died were older than 60 years; 47% of this group were over 77 years old. Worldwide, the UNHCR has estimated that older persons make up 8.5% of the overall refugee population, and in some cases comprise more than 30% of caseloads. In 2005, approximately 2.7 million people over the age of 60 were living as refugees or internally displaced persons. Globally, the proportion of older people is growing faster than any other age group. In 2000 one in ten, or about 600 million, people were 60 years or older. By 2025, this figure is expected to reach 1.2 billion people, and in 2050 around 1.9 billion. In developing countries, where 80% of older people live, the proportion of those over 60 years old in 2025 will increase from 7% to 12%. The increasing population of older people has drawn attention to the need to revise humanitarian policies to adequately serve this group s basic living and health requirements.From a health perspective, it is important to recognize the needs of older persons and to
develop appropriate policies to promote emergency health care. Yet it is equally critical to assess and prepare for demographic and health trends that determine the shape of future emergencies. By 2050, the prevalence of disability in some developing countries is projected to rise by 400% as the population ages. At the same time, it is important to observe that the older population as a whole is neither helpless nor dependent. Most older people are capable of coping and adapting, despite increasing poor health and frailty as they age. Older people contribute immeasurably to their families and communities in various roles, and commonly sacrifice their well being to help their children and grandchildren. In Africa, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has seen older persons assume responsibility for raising many thousands of orphaned grandchildren and other children in need. Finally, older people contribute to their communities their decades of accumulated experience, knowledge and understanding. This insight makes them an essential resource and potential partner in developing emergency preparedness and response programmes.
he development of this report is a concrete WHO response to the 2002 United Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA) which recommended greater recognition and enhancement of the ...positive contributions made by older persons during emergency situations. In collaboration with the Public Health Agency of Canada and Help the Aged (UK), the World Health Organization commissioned case studies in 2006-2007 to examine how older persons fared in conflict-related and naturally caused emergencies in both developed and developing countries - war, drought, heat wave, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunami, ice storm, wild fires and a nuclear power plant explosion. The report contributes a wealth of real-life experiences to inform policy and practice makers about the needs and contributions that older people face during emergency and reconstruction phases.
Am 1.5.2011 ist die beim Beitritt Polens zur EU vereinbarte Übergangsfrist für die Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit abgelaufen. Damit wurde zwischen Polen und Deutschland die Freizügigkeit aller ...unselbständig Erwerbstätigen hergestellt. Diesen Schritt hatten manche für problematisch gehalten und vor Gefährdungen der Kollektivvertrags- und Sozialleistungssysteme gewarnt. Ein Blick in die Geschichte zeigt, dass der Austausch von Arbeitskräften zwischen Polen und Deutschland alles andere als ein neues Phänomen darstellt. Unter dem Dach der EU sind nun mit der Herstellung der Freizügigkeit neue Chancen verbunden: sowohl für die Menschen als auch die Volkswirtschaften in beiden Nachbarländern. Wie aber wird sich die freizügigkeitsbedingte Liberalisierung der Arbeitsmärkte in Polen und Deutschland auswirken? Welche rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen bestehen, und welche Regelungen sollten möglicherweise getroffen werden? Diesen Fragen wird in den im Band abgedruckten Beiträgen nachgegangen. Sie basieren auf Vorträgen, die auf einer vom Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik und der Fakultät für Jura, Verwaltung und Ökonomie der Universität Breslau im November 2011 gemeinsam veranstalteten Tagung gehalten worden sind.
Corpora and Language Learners Aston, Guy; Bernardini, Silvia; Stewart, Dominic
2004, 2004-11-30, Volume:
17
eBook, Book
Corpus-aided language pedagogy is one of the central application areas of corpus methodologies, and a test bed for theories of language and learning. This volume provides an overview of current ...trends, offering methodological and theoretical position statements along with results from empirical studies. The relationship between corpora and learning is examined from complementary perspectives - the study of learner language, the didactic use of corpus findings, and the interaction between corpora and their users. Reflections on current theory and technology open and close the volume.With its focus on the learner and the learning setting, Corpora and Language Learners is addressed to corpus linguists with an interest in learner language, applied linguists wishing to expand their understanding of corpora and their pedagogic potential, and language teachers wishing to critically assess the relevance of work in this field.This volume grew out of selected presentations at the 5th Teaching and Language Corpora conference in Bertinoro, Italy.
Sdělení je stručnou informací o akcích na podporu zdraví, které se konaly v říjnu 2013 v Liberci pod záštitou programu Zdravý Liberecký kraj, z iniciativy pracovní skupiny pro realizaci Programu ...dlouhodobého zlepšování zdravotního stavu obyvatel Libereckého kraje. Program týdne podpory zdraví se věnoval správné péči o chrup, škodlivosti kouření a jeho odvykání, pohybových aktivit a jejich individuální indikaci pro konkrétní zájemce, konzultaci otázek týkajících se zdravého životního stylu. Vše bylo doplněno informacemi o zdravém stravování a orientačním vyšetřením fyzické kondice nebo získáním zdravotně výchovných materiálů. Snahou pořadatelů bylo občanům připomenout význam a možnosti opomíjené prevence a zdůraznit zodpovědnost každého jednotlivce za své zdraví.
The article is a short information on health promotion campaigns held in October 2013 in the regional city Liberec (Czech Republic) under the auspices of Healthy Region Liberec. The campaigns were initiated by the working group for realization of the "Programme of long-term improving of health of people in the Liberec region". The "Week of health promotion" brought to light proper dental care, knowledge on tobacco hazards and quitting the habit, advised of individual physical activity, offered consultations on healthy lifestyle and proposals of healthy eating and a short examination of physical fitness. Visitors received some health education materials. The organizers' endeavor was to bring to mind to the public the importance of disease prevention and to underline the responsibility of everyone for one's own health.
Blanka Ptáčková, Alena Riegerová
Literatura
