•The policy network approach is used to study innovation policymaking.•Three mechanisms of network evolution – policy agenda, power concentration and heterogeneity dependence – are explored.•A social ...network analysis (SNA)-based method quantitatively study China’s innovation policy network.•Mixed mechanisms affect network’s evolution.
Literature on innovation policy reveals little of how relations between government agencies as policymakers evolve. Taking the policy network approach, this paper investigates three mechanisms underlining the evolution of inter-government agency relations in emerging economies – policy agenda, power concentration and heterogeneity dependence, and applies them to the analysis of the evolution of innovation policymaking in China. Operationally, the paper proposes a social network analysis (SNA)-based method to quantitatively study China’s innovation policy network, which consists of 463 innovation policy documents formulated by its central government ministries between 1980 and 2011. The findings show that the formal policy network for innovation has been not only sustained through the intervention of policy agendas but also self-organized because of policy network’s nature of power concentration and heterogeneity dependence. The presence of such mixed mechanisms in China’s innovation policy network’s evolution differs from the findings from industrialized countries where self-organization plays a central role. This work advances our theoretical understanding of the evolution of innovation policy network and has implications for innovation policymaking in emerging economies.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Behavioural non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) (e.g., mask wearing, quarantine, restriction on gatherings, physical distancing) have been used to interrupt transmission of COVID-19 and to reduce ...the impacts of the pandemic. The aim of this scoping review was to document the efficacy of behavioural NPIs to positively influence COVID-19 outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Psych INFO, Medline, CINAHL and Scopus for studies published between January 2020 and February 2023. Seventy -seven studies were eligible to be included in the review. Majority of the studies were conducted in high-income countries, with fewer studies in low- or middle-income countries. School closure, mask wearing, and non-essential business closure and shelter-in-place orders were the most prevalent NPIs investigated. School closure and mask wearing reported high effectiveness while shelter-in-place orders reported less effectiveness. Shelter-in-place orders when used in conjunction with other measures, did not enhance effectiveness. Public event bans, physical distancing, handwashing, and travel restrictions were largely effective, while the effectiveness of gathering restrictions depended on the limitation on numbers. Early implementation was associated with a higher effectiveness in reducing COVID-19 cases and deaths, the use of behavioural NPIs in combinations was reported to yield more effective results. Moreover, behavioural NPIs were reported to be dependent on their consistent use and were difficult behaviours to maintain, highlighting the need for behavioural change. This review highlighted the effectiveness of behavioural NPIs to positively influence COVID-19 reduction outcomes. Further research to promote country- and context-specific documents that will enhance the effectiveness of behavioural NPIs.
•Behavioural interventions positively influence COVID-19 outcomes.•Behavioural principles were not systematically applied in behaviour interventions.•Country specific documents may enhance the effectiveness of COVID-19 interventions.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper describes digital cultural policy as a slow and ambivalent or reluctant revolution in a policy field. In investigates how cultural policy has gradually been affected by digitalization in ...the field of cultural production. I argue that digital cultural policy has developed in a sedimentary fashion, but that it also has been continuously marked by a certain ambivalence towards the digital revolution. Digital cultural policy is ultimately described as a field of hyperconvergence, where ideas, political tools, technology, and policy areas are entangled to an increasing degree. This challenges the research on and the analysis of digital cultural policy. The paper is primarily based on a close reading of Norwegian cultural policy documents. I have employed all the white papers on cultural policy from the Ministry of Culture between 1973 and 2019 - both the ones that explicitly deal with cultural policy and the ones that deal with a specific field of the arts (performing arts, visual arts, music etc.), as well as annual reports from Arts Council Norway between 1975 and 2018.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of Inclusive Education in China, using a quadripartite system that synthesises the most recent policy documents concerning inclusion and segregation. The ...study addresses four research questions that focus on the status, merits and shortcomings of existing policies, implementation, and opportunities for improvement. The study adapts the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education (EASNIE) framework for assessing and ensuring quality inclusive education provision. Primary policy documents analysed include the National Plan 2010–2020, Compulsory Education Law of the People’s Republic of China 2010–2020, Law on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities, and Reports and documents from the China Disabled Persons’ Federation (CDPF). Tabulation and visualisation of data and findings are based on the Country Policy Review and Analysis, which includes 12 measures for assessment and implications, and the Prevent-Intervene-Compensate model provided by EASNIE. The study offers detailed findings and descriptions of inclusive education in China, highlighting both strengths and weaknesses, while providing implications and actions for improving the quality of inclusive education in the country. The study concludes that while China has unique forms of provision for inclusive education, there are still areas that require improvement to ensure better outcomes for all learners.
Digital transformation in the Chinese healthcare industry has led national government agencies to issue a series of policies to guide the construction of health informatisation. However, little is ...known about the issuing agencies and the topics of health informatisation policies. This study aimed to explore the collaboration of policies issuing and the evolution of policy topics. In this study, a total of 156 policy documents were identified. Author–Topic model and pre-discretised method based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation model were employed to mine the correlation between the issuing agencies and policy topics, and the evolution of policy contents. Findings suggest that the development of health informatisation policies can be divided into three stages. The number of policies has been increasing constantly, among which the policy of opinion and notification accounts for the vast majority. Many government agencies are involved in formulating policies collaboratively. On the whole, the topics changed constantly over time. From 2003 to 2008, policy topics focused on standards and specifications, with the phenomenon of splitting and development. From 2009 to 2014, policies were predominantly related to the construction of regional health informatisation, with some emerging topics generating. Internet + medical and new information technology gained attention from 2015 to 2020; most topics in this period were inherited, split or merged from the previous period. This study is helpful to research and formulation of the health informatisation-related policies.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Current quantitative research on policy diffusion tends to focus on the citation relationship between policies, while ignoring the nature of policy diffusion, that is, the diffusion of policy targets ...and instruments contained in policy. As a result, the identified policy path is often a hodgepodge, which contains multiple unrelated policies. It also lacks quantitative and reproducible methods for policy diffusion path analysis. Therefore, this paper proposes a policy target-oriented and citation-based policy diffusion analysis framework. Firstly, we collected relevant policy documents. Secondly, the article identified the policy citation relationships and the policy target patterns embedded in the policy documents. Then, we constructed target-oriented policy citation network and analyzed the patterns and characteristics of policy diffusion. Finally, based on the main path analysis method, we identified the policy diffusion paths of the policy mixes in the multi-target case. A case study of China’s information technology policies was used to demonstrate our method’s reliability.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This position paper focuses on how the new national curriculum for school and the new general plan for teacher education in Norway change the underlying premises for teaching and learning in today's ...teacher education. This has become particularly pressing as a result of the new educational reform 'Knowledge Promotion' in schools, whereby digital competence is now the fifth basic competence in all subjects at all levels, as well as in the new teacher education curriculum in Norway. Against this background, the aim of this position paper is to elaborate on how a digital competence model can function on a micro level to fulfil the intentions from the national and institutional policy level. The research question considered by this paper is whether (and if so, how) a digital competence model for TEs can function as a model on an individual level.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper aims to map and identify topics of interest within the field of Microbiology and identify the main sources driving such attention. We combine data from Web of Science and Altmetric.com, a ...platform which retrieves mentions to scientific literature from social media and other non-academic communication outlets. We focus on the dissemination of microbial publications in Twitter, news media and policy briefs. A two-mode network of social accounts shows distinctive areas of activity. We identify a cluster of papers mentioned solely by regional news media. A central area of the network is formed by papers discussed by the three outlets. A large portion of the network is driven by Twitter activity. When analyzing top actors contributing to such network, we observe that more than half of the Twitter accounts are bots, mentioning 32% of the documents in our dataset. Within news media outlets, there is a predominance of popular science outlets. With regard to policy briefs, both international and national bodies are represented. Finally, our topic analysis shows that the thematic focus of papers mentioned varies by outlet. While news media cover the wider range of topics, policy briefs are focused on translational medicine and bacterial outbreaks.
Policy documents are the carriers of policy and provide a channel for researchers to observe the main contents of a policy and the policy process. Policy documents are different from traditional ...scientific texts (including papers and patents) because they serve the function of governance and blueprint planning. This makes it impossible to accurately describe the content of policy texts by relying solely on traditional word-based bibliometric methods. In this paper, we propose a new bibliometric method for detecting changes in policy themes based on policy target–policy instrument patterns. We collected relevant policy documents under specific target topics, identified policy target–policy instrument patterns implied in those documents, and built a policy target–policy instrument network. Then, based on the eigenvector centrality features of network nodes, we identified the core “policy target” and core “policy instrument” in different time periods and ultimately identified the evolution of policy instruments and policy target, and also the continuity of policy targets. A case study of China’s nuclear energy policies was used to demonstrate the reliability of our method, and the results reflect the practical value of this method in quantitative analysis on policy documents.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This paper presents an overview of the landscape of immigration and integration policies in Sweden and Norway. The study sheds light over differences and similarities between these countries, based ...on an analysis of official government documents in the period 2010–2018. Empirically, a variety of topics concerned with immigration and integration policies are analyzed, how immigration influences the welfare state, integration issues, policy plans, and different integration measures. Furthermore, the study explores how problems are defined, the source of the problem, who is responsible, and what are the kinds of solutions that are suggested. The findings show that although there are many similarities, some distinct differences are observed in the framing of immigration and integration policies. Not only do the countries focus on different topics but they also have different evaluations of problems and solutions. As the analysis shows, these differences were quite consistent during the eight-year period.
PDF
