The carbon market policy is an effective means to promote green and low-carbon development, and is important for China to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. We manually collated ...a list of non-pilot cities, neighbouring the regions implementing carbon market policies. With the panel data from 2006 to 2017, we examined the impact and mechanisms of the policy on non-pilot cities. The study found that the policy of the pilot city not only worked in its region but also promoted green and low-carbon development in the neighbouring non-pilot regions. This kind of external effect is self-reinforcing. Policy spillover effects and industrial relocation are important mechanisms for carbon market policies to exert externalities. However, the “pollution refuge hypothesis” holds if polluting industries dominate neighbouring areas. Further analysis shows that carbon market policies are more likely to have a point-to-surface effect in neighbouring cities if officials of the pilot city are at a critical stage. Such effect is strongest in Beijing, followed by Shanghai, while it is not effective in Hubei and Guangdong. Moreover, we found that carbon market policies were with synergistic effects in terms of carbon and pollution reduction.
•Carbon market policies can drive low-carbon development in neighbouring non-pilot areas.•The effect can be enhanced by the perfection of carbon market policies.•The best performing region was Beijing, followed by Shanghai.•The policy spillover and relocation of enterprises are important mechanisms.•Only effective where the principal officer is in a critical promotion period.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Mangrove reserves promote the protection of mangroves, but they also lead to the restriction of land development rights in the region, which is unfair to society. This paper aims to evaluate the ...impact of the spillover of coastal development. Taking the Shankou Mangrove Ecological Reserve in the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi as an example, this paper conducts a research design using the choice experiment. Conditional logit and a structural equation model are used to analyze data and to calculate the respondents' choice preferences and willingness to pay for the limited right to develop the coastal zone. Also, to reveal preference heterogeneity, individual characteristic factor analysis is added. The results show that: after the establishment of the protected area, regional differences are evident in the limited space of coastal development rights. Among them, the limitation degree of sea area use is the highest, followed by beach area; the degree of limitation on land area use is the lowest. The limited spatial differences of coastal development rights may lead to an imbalance in the development of coastal land resources among regions. Other problems include the forced idleness of coastal land resources and the threat to the livelihood of residents. Overall, this is not conducive to the coordinated development of an ecological economy in the reserve. This study can provide a decision-making basis for optimizing the coastal development rights management of coastal zone ecological protection areas. A reference for the coastal development rights management in other countries is also provided.
•Coastal farmers’ dependence on land use is different from that of mainland farmers.•The externality of ecological protection policies decreases from coastal to inland.•Differences exist in preferences for land, tidal flat and sea development rights.•Land resource development in coastal zones is unbalanced between sea and land.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Insufficient assessment of emission reduction effects still exists in the carbon emission rights trading system, a major environmental regulation measure in China. Based on the data from the carbon ...trading pilot covering the years from 2007 to 2017, this study combined the synthetic control method with dynamic spatial Durbin model to comprehensively evaluate the spatial emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies. The results showed that: ① The carbon trading policies promoted carbon emission reductions in the pilot regions, among which Tianjin and Hubei responded significantly, and also helped to suppress carbon emissions in the neighboring areas. ② Long-term emission reduction effect from carbon emissions trading became gradually significant, while the indirect emission reduction effect was relatively weaker. ③ In term of reducing carbon emissions, the economic development channel played a key role, but it had a threat to the promotion of carbon emissions in the surrounding areas. Energy consumption was the main obstacle to the growth of carbon emissions. ④ In the long run, technological progress tended to become the key to the effective implementation of potential emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies. Based on the above findings, we suggest that the construction of a national carbon trading market should be promoted, the balanced development and orderly advancement of regional carbon trading markets should be paid attention to, the coordinated development of green economy as well as knowledge and technology exchange and cooperation among regions should be strengthened to form a low carbon development model among regions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Governments in many countries are increasingly interested in using community sport as a vehicle for improving public health through physical activity (PA) promotion. This has been associated with an ...increasing interdependence between the community sport and health policy sectors. However, there are no empirically grounded studies which have examined this directly and systematically in England. By examining Sport England's Get Healthy, Get Active (GHGA) initiative, this paper presents novel evidence derived from interviews held with strategic policy-makers from Sport England and a professional football charity (Everton in the Community), and 67 men who engaged in one of the GHGA funded programmes, Active Blues. The findings reveal how the increasing interdependence between community sport and health policy has been characterised by tightly contested and congested relations of power at local and national levels. Although Sport England was the lead organisation which coordinated and was accountable for community sport, it was nevertheless highly dependent on organisations outside of the sector, including health organisations, to deliver their community sport goals. This was indicative of the relatively vulnerable and marginal position which Sport England, and sport policy, occupied in the policy landscape and the associated generalisation of interests from sport to public health. The policy spillover from more powerful policy sectors such as health, to comparatively less powerful ones like community sport, raises questions about the degree to which government can realistically expect to achieve their formal community sport and health policy goals.
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BFBNIB, FSPLJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The main purpose of this study is to determine the spillover effect of real estate regulatory policies released by core cities on the surrounding cities in major urban agglomerations based on ...regional linkage characteristics of China's real estate market. In this study, real estate transaction data of 157 cities were selected from 11 major urban agglomerations. Agglomeration's housing transaction volatility and spillover effect caused by the core city's regulatory policies were simulated by integrating spatial and temporal analysis model, event analysis, and symbolic time series analysis. The findings showed that (1) the regional linkage of the real estate market in the Harbin–Changchun and Middle–South Liaoning, Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and West Side of the Straits agglomerations were remarkably tight and the core cities' policy spillover effect was significant, of which the house purchase limitation and credit limitation policies had the widest influence; (2) the regional linkage of the real estate market in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei agglomeration, Shandong Peninsula, Guanzhong Plain, and Chengdu–Chongqing agglomerations was relatively weaker, but the core cities' policies of market regulation and taxation had certain spillover effect; (3) there were significant differences in the spillover effects of different types of policies in different urban agglomerations; (4) generally, the core cities' policy spillover often reduced the changing characteristics of the real estate market and made it more ordered with more certainty in the whole agglomeration, with the exception of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, West Side of the Straits, and Chengdu–Chongqing agglomerations. Keywords: Policy spillover effect, Real estate policy, Urban agglomeration, Regional linkage, Spatiotemporal model, JEL classification: R12, R38
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Clean, low-carbon energy transition has been a global trend in pursuing climate mitigation and sustainable development, with residential heating being an essential component. Despite its ...substantial climate, environmental, and health benefits, the social impacts of residential energy transition are insufficiently understood. Based on a difference-in-differences design, we identify the causal effects of a large-scale clean heating policy on public perceptions of their social status in northern China. We find substantial improvement in individuals’ social status immediately following the heating renovation, which is robust over a set of empirical specifications but diminishes in the long term. The transition benefited not only those directly experiencing renovation but also others in the same areas. The improved social status was driven by perception of higher income and bettered health condition. The findings indicate a sustainable and inclusive transition of clean heating, and call for additional measures to maximize its social benefits.
External shocks and policy spillovers have facilitated a gradual shift away from the exceptionalism (exclusive role of agricultural interests) in the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This article ...argues that post-Lisbon decision-making rules and procedures, against some of the expectations, slowed this process. First, the parallel veto-based negotiations on the bloc's finances gave status quo actors the opportunity to influence the CAP indirectly (by blocking the redistribution of CAP funds) and directly (through package deals). Second, the co-decision procedure allowed the ministers of agriculture and the European Parliament's Committee of agriculture to change the proposals of the more reform-minded Commission more easily. The argument is supported by the case of the CAP 2023-2027 reform, which resulted in limited changes given the Brexit-related cut in CAP funding (external shock) and the inclusion of environmental targets as part of the European Green Deal (policy spillover effects).
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary We propose a novel econometric approach to estimating time‐varying policy effects using external instruments in the presence of time‐varying instrument relevance in a factor‐augmented VAR ...model with data on the United States, Canada, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. We find that US monetary policy shocks are an important driver of the exchange rate movements, with no delayed overshooting. We show that estimates of spillover effects of US monetary policy shocks on the inflation and real economic activity would be distorted without considering time variation in instrument relevance, and time variation in policy effects reflects primarily varying shock size, not their transmission.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Employing a novel methodology of DCCA cross-correlation coefficient (ρDCCA), this study attempts to provide fresh evidences for the co-movement of monetary policies of the advanced (AEs) as well as ...the emerging economies (EMEs) vis-à-vis the United States. A higher degree of monetary co-movement as measured by ρDCCA values, is identified for the AEs as compared to the EMEs. Lower co-movement of monetary policy is especially noticeable in the short run for EMEs. We further investigate the time-varying nature of such co-movements for the AEs by splitting the period (1980–2014) into four sub periods and also by performing a rolling window estimation for the entire period to reveal smoother dynamics. Significant evidence of higher monetary coordination is revealed for sub-periods with stronger trade and financial linkages.
•Higher degree of monetary coordination for advanced economies as compared to emerging economies.•Role of flexible exchange rates in enabling monetary autonomy is rather limited.•Capital controls do enable monetary autonomy specifically in the emerging economies.•Strong trade and financial linkages result in higher monetary coordination.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
When formulating international economic cooperation agreements, policymakers should consider not only their economic promotion effects but also their impact on green development. This paper is an ...examination of whether the Belt and Road Initiative contributes to green innovation quality. Objectively assessing the green innovation promotion effects of its implementation is not only important for its completion and improvement in the future, but also to verify whether the Belt and Road Initiative promotes sustainable development in participating regions. A difference-in-difference model was constructed using the data of 291 cities in China from 2008 to 2019. The results show the following: (1) the Initiative has significantly improved the quality of green innovation in cities along the Belt and Road; (2) a series of robustness tests showed that the main results are highly robust; (3) the Belt and Road Initiative has a significant policy spillover effect—while improving the quality of local green innovation, it can also significantly promote the quality of green innovation in surrounding areas. This paper has reference significance for further understanding the policy effect of China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the promotion and strengthening of subsequent policies.
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