Municipal elections have traditionally been conceptualized as subordinate to the national political situation, and thus considered second-order elections. However, voters could take into account ...national, regional or specifically local factors in determining their vote in these elections.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the electoral impact of these factors through political leadership. Thus, using binary logistic regression, we examine and confirm the impact of national, regional and local leaders in the municipal vote in the Autonomous Region of Andalusia.
The results show that local candidates have a greater impact on municipal elections than national and regional leaders, so local elections have their own autonomy.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Leaders face multiple threats to their political survival. In addition to surviving the threats to tenure from within the existing political systems, which is modeled using Bueno de Mesquita and ...colleagues' (2003) selectorate theory, leaders risk being deposed through revolutions and coups. To ameliorate the threat of revolution, leaders can either increase public goods provisions to buy off potential revolutionaries or contract the provision of those public goods, such as freedom of assembly, transparency, and free press, which enable revolutionaries to coordinate. Which response a leader chooses depends upon existing institutions and the structure of government finances. These factors also affect the likelihood and direction of institutional change. Tests of leader survival indicate that revolutionary threats increase the likelihood of deposition for nondemocratic leaders. Leaders with access to resources such as foreign aid or natural resource rents are best equipped to survive these threats and avoid the occurrence of these threats in the first place.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, INZLJ, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
The German federal election 2021 was remarkable partly because the incumbent chancellor Angela Merkel, albeit still popular, was not running for re-election and did not figure prominently in the ...campaign. Drawing on the literatures on incumbency advantage, cost of ruling, and candidate-centered voting, we analyze whether an outgoing incumbent might still have an effect on voters’ attitudes and behavior. We distinguish two phenomena: First, we expect the effects of outgoing incumbents on electoral behavior to wash off during campaigns, as voters get more informed and adjust to new candidates. Second, if the incumbent’s successor as front-runner of their party manages to link themselves to their predecessor, the incumbent’s reputation might rub off on the new candidate, possibly indirectly enhancing electoral fortunes of the party. We examine the dynamics of these phenomena using data from the panel and RCS components of the German Longitudinal Election Study and a large-scale survey experiment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Leadership theories and the academic literature can sometimes seem difficult for practitioners to understand because of complex conceptualizations, obscure terms y and its enormousness. Yet taken as ...a whole, the literature makes a great deal of sense and has much to offer. Indeed, the truths are often quite simple, elegant, and straightforward. The purpose of this article is to review the major findings of the organizational leadership literature and to identify the important overarching insights, specifically those of particuUr importance to todays leaders in administrative positions in the public sector, where an evolving context constantly reconfigures age-old challenges.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
It is well understood that trust in government responds to the performance of the president, Congress, and the economy. Despite improved government performance, however, trust has never returned to ...the levels witnessed in the 1950s and 1960s. Social capital may be the force that has kept trust low. If so, we need to assess the relative contributions of both government performance and social capital at the macro level. Using macrolevel data, the analysis, here, is designed to capture the variation over time in both social capital and government performance and let them compete to explain the macro variation in trust. The empirical results demonstrate that both government performance and social capital matter, but that social capital appears to be the force which accounts for the decline in trust over the last 40 years.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, INZLJ, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Sovereign wealth funds have emerged as major investors in corporate and real resources worldwide. After an overview of their magnitude, we consider the institutional arrangements under which many of ...the sovereign wealth funds operate. We focus on a specific set of agency problems that is of first-order importance for these funds: that is, the direct involvement of political leaders in the management process. We show that sovereign wealth funds with greater involvement of political leaders in fund management are associated with investment strategies that seem to favor short-term economic policy goals in their respective countries at the expense of longer-term maximization of returns. Sovereign wealth funds face several other issues, like how best to cope with demands for transparency, which can allow others to copy their investment strategies, and how to address the problems that arise with sheer size, like the difficulties of scaling up investment strategies that only work with a smaller value of assets under investment. In the conclusion, we discuss how various approaches cultivated by effective institutional investors worldwide--from investing in the best people to pioneering new asset classes to compartmentalizing investment activities--may provide clues as to how sovereign wealth funds might address these issues. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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BFBNIB, CEKLJ, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Much of the literature on electoral politics in Africa has focused on one mechanism of electoral mobilization: reliance on shared ethnic identity between politicians and voters. On the contrary, the ...author argues that politicians pursue two distinct modes of nonprogrammatic electoral mobilization: (1) by directly relying on the support of voters from one's own ethnic background, and (2) by indirectly working through electoral intermediaries—local leaders who command moral authority, control resources, and can influence the electoral behavior of their dependents. Yet the power of local leaders varies greatly; hence the option to use electoral intermediaries is not available in all settings. The choice of electoral mobilization affects national electoral outcomes: by severing the direct link between politicians and voters, intermediaries reduce a campaign's reliance on shared identity and create cross-ethnic electorates. The evidence for this argument is based on original interviews with political leaders collected during fieldwork in Senegal and Benin during the 2006–7 electoral season, media coverage of elections, and a historical analysis of first mass elections in the 1950s.
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Dieses open access Buch enthält als erste politikwissenschaftliche Publikation Daten zu ehrenamtlichen Bürgermeistern für alle 10 Bundesländer, in denen diese eine wichtige Position der politischen ...Repräsentation in ländlichen Räumen einnehmen. Etwa 60% aller Kommunen in Deutschland werden von ehrenamtlichen Bürgermeistern verwaltet, deren regionale Bedeutung sich je nach Bundesland aber stark unterscheidet. Das Buch leitet mit der Beschreibung des jeweiligen rechtlichen Rahmens der Kommunalverfassungen der Bundesländer, der regionalen Verteilung und der Analyse von Wahldaten in das Thema der ehrenamtlichen Bürgermeister ein, bevor die Ergebnisse eines breit angelegten repräsentativen Umfrageprojektes präsentiert werden. Mit diesen verschiedenen Forschungsansätzen leistet das Buch einen Beitrag zur Forschungsliteratur sowohl der lokalen Politikforschung zu Bürgermeistern als auch zum Ehrenamt in ländlichen Räumen. Erstmalig können in diesem Ausmaß Daten über die Sozialstruktur, Aufgaben, Motivation, Amtsausführung, Beziehung zu Partei oder Wählergemeinschaft, Vereinbarkeit von Beruf, Familie und Ehrenamt, Anfeindungen sowie potenziellem Nachwuchs im Ehrenamt als Bürgermeister präsentiert werden. Trotz unterschiedlicher rechtlicher Rahmensetzungen der Bundesländer zeigen sich ähnliche Probleme und Herausforderungen für deren Lösung.
Stories that Bind: Political Economy and Culture in New India examines the assertion of authoritarian nationalism and neoliberalism; both backed by the authority of the state and argues that ...contemporary India should be understood as the intersection of the two. More importantly, the book reveals, through its focus on India and its complex media landscape that this intersection has a narrative form, which author, Madhavi Murty labels spectacular realism. The book shows that the intersection of neoliberalism with authoritarian nationalism is strengthened by the circulation of stories about “emergence,” “renewal,” “development,” and “mobility” of the nation and its people. It studies stories told through film, journalism, and popular non-fiction along with the stories narrated by political and corporate leaders to argue that Hindu nationalism and neoliberalism are conjoined in popular culture and that consent for this political economic project is crucially won in the domain of popular culture.
Moving between mediascapes to create an archive of popular culture, Murty advances our understanding of political economy through material that is often seen as inconsequential, namely the popular cultural story. These stories stoke our desires (e.g. for wealth), scaffold our instincts (e.g. for a strong leadership) and shape our values.
The research presented in this article is the attempt to analyse Polish parliamentary discourse concerning the European solidarity. The European solidarity is one of the greatest challenges of the ...second decade of the 21st century. This phenomenon can be analysed from the perspective of three dimensions: its roots in the EU treaties – as values and principles; institutionalised solidarity mechanisms – measures against internal shocks, cohesion policy, social policy; ad hoc solidarity in moments of crisis – e.g. migration crisis, COVID-19 crisis. This article addresses the issue of European solidarity from the perspective of political leaders. The analysed utterances allow us to conclude that the problem of European solidarity does not dominate in the parliamentary discourse of the most important Polish politicians. The parliamentary speeches of the Polish party leaders revealed various aspects of the perception of the title concept, especially in the context of shared values, although perceived in different ways. Good relations between EU countries, a common social and economic policy, as well as the sustainable development of Europe proved to be important.
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