The study investigated how hearing depends on the whole body, head and trunk orientation relative to a sound source. In normal hearing humans we examined auditory thresholds and their ability to ...recognize logatomes (bi-syllabic non-sense words) at different whole body, head and trunk rotation relative to a sound source. We found that auditory threshold was increased and logatome recognition was impaired when the body or the trunk were rotated 40° away from a sound source compared to when the body or the trunk was oriented towards the sound source. Conversely, no effects were seen when only the head was rotated. Further, an increase of thresholds and impairment of logatome recognition were also observed after unilateral vibration of dorsal neck muscles that induces, per se, long-lasting illusory trunk displacement relative to the head. Thus, our findings support the idea that processing of acoustic signals depends on where a sound is located within a reference system defined by the subject’s trunk coordinates.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The semantics of Russian posture verbs has been studied. The analysis covers derivative words formed on the basis of the prefixes v- (в- 'in'), na- (на- 'on'), pod- (под- 'under'), nad- (над- ...'above'), pred- (пред- 'in front of'), za- (за- 'behind') and verbs of position in space, such as lezhat' (лежать 'lie'), sidet' (сидеть 'sit'), stoyat' (стоять 'stand'), viset' (висеть 'hang'). Appealing to these lexical items within the frame of compound semantics is determined by the following fact: they are indicative of the features of human spatial perception that developed in high antiquity. Based on the results of the analysis, five groups of derivative words have been distinguished. The first group includes prefixal verbs which save posture and spatial semantics. But all of them are archaisms now. Posture verbs that denote the end of action belong to the second group. Other derivative words often expand their meaning through neutralization of the seme that implies the posture. Existential verbs with modal component form the third group. Verbs of speech and social activity constitute the fourth group. Finally, posture verbs with complicated additional semes are included the sixth group. At the same time, the verbal postural semantics and prefixal spatial semantics can be restored even in figurative meanings. It has been concluded that the prefixes of posture verbs in the modern Russian language lost their spatial meaning, which used to be inherent. This is due to the development of bounded prefixal meaning that failed to comply with the stative semantics of the posture verb.
Children gain the most important basic concepts which help them understand and know about life, during preschool education. According to Manocha and Narang (2004) “concepts” are the basic units of ...all types of learning. Human beings from the infancy to old age learn new concepts and use old concepts in new situations of their daily life. Individuals differ in their level of concept formation depending on their age, intelligence and experience.
The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of the computer aided education (CAE) in making 48-60 months children who attend preschool education institutions to gain the concept of “position in space”. 109 children, who were 48-60 months of age and who attended four different classes in two different primary schools in Istanbul, have participated to the study. In the study, a pre-test post-test control group design was used. Computer-aided education training program for teaching the concepts of position in space prepared by Uyanık Balat and Kanburoğlu (2009) was applied individually to each child in the study. To measure the development of concepts of position in space, BOEHM Test of Basic Concept (BOEHM-3) was applied to both groups before and after the computer-aided education program.
The study revealed significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores for both of the experimental and control groups. The difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control group are seen to be significant in favor of the experimental group. Accordingly it can be said that the computer aided education (CAE) is effective in making 48-60 months children to gain the concept of “position in space”. Results are discussed in line of other related researches.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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