Native plant species growing on contaminated sites in an urban environment successfully develop under strong anthropogenic pressure and thereby may have the potential for phytoremediation. The ...concentrations of potentially toxic metals were measured in leaves, roots, stems, and inflorescences of fifteen Brassicaceae plant species from the urban park of Botanical Garden of Komarov Botanical Institute. The potential of phytoextraction and phytostabilization of the species was evaluated considering the concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn in the plant organs, and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF). The metal content in plant organs varied with plant species. The study of metal accumulation in plants showed that Brassica campestris has the potential for the simultaneous phytoextraction of three metals Zn, Cd, and Cu, and Rorippa palustris – of two metals Zn and Cd. According to received data, species Sinapis arvensis and Thlaspi arvense can be considered adequate candidates for soil Zn and Pb phytostabilization and soil conservation.
•Brassicaceae species have the ability to develop successfully under strong anthropogenic pressure.•These species are accumulated high concentrations potentially toxic metals in their organs.•Brassica campestris has the potential for the simultaneous phytoextraction of Zn, Cd, and Cu.•Rorippa palustris should be used in phytoextraction of Zn and Cd.•Sinapis arvensis and Thlaspi arvense – adequate candidates for soil Zn and Pb phytostabilization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Concentrations of potentially toxic metals including Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, U, Th in surface water and sediment samples collected from a river were analyzed to assess the contaminations, distribution ...characteristics, and sources of these metals. The contents of the metals were lower than the standard levels set by World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. However, U and Th contents were far beyond the background values of surface water. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, and U in sediments were higher than the background values and the Probable Effect Level (PEL) of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) which may result in high potential harmful biological effects to aquatic ecosystems. Based on the contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (I
), and potential ecological risk index (RI), Cd, Cr, and U were considered to be the metals that mainly contribute to the contamination of sediments. The calculation results also indicated that the sites adjacent to the uranium ore field were highly polluted. Results of cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and correlation analysis revealed that Cr, Pb, U, and Th were highly correlated with each other. These metals mainly originated from both anthropogenic sources and natural processes, especially emissions from uranium mining and quarrying, whereas Cd mostly came from anthropogenic sources (agricultural activities) of the upper reaches of the river.
Potentially toxic metals (PTEs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) present in bio-wastes were the major environmental and health risks for soil use. If pyrolyzing bio-wastes into biochar could ...minimize such risks had not been elucidated. This study evaluated PTE pools, microbial and ARGs abundances of wheat straw (WS), swine manure (SM) and sewage sludge (SS) before and after pyrolysis, which were again tested for soil amendment at a 2% dosage in a pot experiment with a vegetable crop of pak choi (Brassica campestris L.). Pyrolysis led to PTEs concentration in biochars but reduced greatly their mobility, availability and migration potential, as revealed respectively by leaching, CaCl2 extraction and risk assessment coding. In SM and SS after pyrolysis, gene abundance was removed by 4–5 orders for bacterial, by 2–3 orders for fungi and by 3–5 orders for total ARGs. With these material amended, PTEs available pool decreased by 25%–85% while all ARGs eliminated to background in the pot soil. Unlike a >50% yield decrease and a >30% quality decline with unpyrolyzed SM and SS, their biochars significantly increased biomass production and overall quality of pak choi grown in the amended soil. Comparatively, amendment of the biochars decreased plant PTEs content by 23–57% and greatly reduced health risk of pak choi, with total target hazard quotient values well below the guideline limit for subsistence diet by adult. Furthermore, biochar soil amendment enabled a synergic improvement on soil fertility, product quality, and biomass production as well as metal stabilization in the soil-plant system. Thus, biowastes pyrolysis and reuse in vegetable production could help build up a closed loop of production-waste-biochar-production, addressing not only circular economy but healthy food and climate nexus also and contributing to achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
For decades, human activities, industrialization, and agriculture have contaminated soils and water with several compounds, including potentially toxic metals and organic persistent xenobiotics. The ...co-occurrence of those toxicants poses challenging environmental problems, as complicated chemical interactions and synergies can arise and lead to severe and toxic effects on organisms. The use of fungi, alone or with bacteria, for bioremediation purposes is a growing biotechnology with high potential in terms of cost-effectiveness, an environmental-friendly perspective and feasibility, and often representing a sustainable nature-based solution. This paper reviews different ecological, metabolic, and physiological aspects involved in fungal bioremediation of co-contaminated soils and water systems, not only addressing best methods and approaches to assess the simultaneous presence of metals and organic toxic compounds and their consequences on provided ecosystem services but also the interactions between fungi and bacteria, in order to suggest further study directions in this field.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The present study examined the impact of atmospheric deposition on the accumulation, translocation, and subcellular distribution of As, Pb, and Cd via root in A. paniculata. Two experimental ...conditions were set in the study: i. Plants grown in metal-contaminated and without metals-contaminated soils were exposed to atmospheric deposition, and ii. Plants grown in metal-contaminated and without metals-contaminated soils were not exposed to atmospheric deposition. The PM10 in the air and dry deposition on the surface of leaves were collected and characterized. The uptake kinetics and subcellular distribution of As, Cd, and Pb, growth parameters, stress enzymes, and nutrient content in plants were also investigated. The PM10 concentration at the site varied between 142 and 469 μg/m3 and demonstrated the presence of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Pb, As, and Cd. The dry deposition on leaves displayed the presence of Pb, Cd, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn. Results displayed no translocation of atmospheric Pb and Cd from leaves to stem and root in plants but increased uptake velocity and binding affinity of As, Cd, and Pb in the stem and root tissues from soil. An increase in As, Cd, and Pb content in the cell wall and organelle portion of all plant tissues was observed after atmospheric dust exposure. Alterations in the stomata opening and aperture size in leaves and reduction in plant growth and secondary metabolite content were observed after atmospheric dust exposure.
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•The atmospheric Pb and Cd were not translocated from leaves to stem.•The atmospheric deposition enhanced the uptake of As, Cd, and Pb from the soil.•The atmospheric dust facilitated the penetration of Cd and Pb in organelle fraction.•Atmospheric deposition enhanced velocity and affinity of metals in stem and root.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The purpose of this research was to apply two geophysical methods Resistivity Imaging Technique (RI) and Inductive Electromagnetic Technique (EM-31) to verify this tool’s efficiency in locating in ...subsurface contamination plumes and/or metal ions released by decomposition of corpses and their shells at Necrópole Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Piedade, SP.
This research was carried out from October 2015 to September 2016. In the first phase, we used the Resistivity Imaging technique and later we applied the electromagnetic technique. This period between one investigation and another was useful to verify if anomalies changed during that period. Results showed that localized anomalies did not move and that results of both methodologies were similar, considering limitations of each technique.
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•Spent Calophyllum inophyllum seedcake was modified for use as adsorbent.•The combination of carbonization and microwave modification was the most effective.•Parameters such as pH, ...adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and temperature were optimized.•The adsorbent’s performance with real wastewater samples revealed a removal efficiency ranging from 55 – 71% for the metals (Pb, Cd and Zn).
Among the contaminants that are frequently associated with industrial wastewaters, potentially toxic metals are of great health concern because they are non-biodegradable and can be transformed by biochemical processes to more poisonous metal-organic complexes. Thus, safe and adequate disposal of wastewater containing these metals into the environment remains a front-burner challenge. This study investigated metal ions removal from wastewaters using adsorbents generated from the Spent Seedcake of Calophyllum inophyllum (SSCI) as an alternative low-cost adsorbent. Batch adsorption process was employed to demonstrate the adsorption capacity for the multi-component removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) at optimized experimental conditions. Carbonization and microwaving of the biosorbent produced an optimal performance for the uptake of the metals at solution pH of 9, temperature of 30 °C, dosage, 10 g/L and 60 min equilibrium time. The maximum adsorption capacities of the biosorbent were 52.63, 51.28 and 17.99 mg/g for Pb2+, Cd2+and Zn2+ respectively. The adsorption kinetics of the metals unto the biosorbent was adequately described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with positive enthalpy (ΔH) indicating the endothermic nature of the adsorption process while the negative values of the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) confirmed the spontaneity of the adsorption process for all the metals studied.The effectiveness of the biosorbent was tested with real wastewater samples and a removal of the metals between 55–71% was achieved.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Agricultural soils derived from black shale are typically enriched in potentially toxic metals. This is a serious problem, both in terms of the ecological environment and human health. To assess the ...levels of potentially toxic metals, 90 paired soil-crops samples were collected from the Anji Country, western Zhejiang province, a typical exposed black shale area in China. Concentrations and bioavailability of potentially toxic metals in the soil-crops system were measured, and the associated potential risks were further evaluated. Results showed the enrichment of potentially toxic metals (i.e. Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni) in the soil and crop samples, especially a significant accumulation of Cd. Sequential extraction data indicated that Cd in soils derived from black shale was the second most dominant element in the exchangeable fraction (mean at 33.42%) and possessed high bioavailability, whereas Pb was mostly retained in the residual fraction (mean at 76.34%) and exhibited low mobility. The total concentration as well as mobility and bioavailability of Cd were the highest in the sampled soils. This resulted in a high potential ecological risk in areas with agricultural soils derived from black shale, which could eventually jeopardize the health of local residents through various exposure pathways. Overall, our findings provide a scientific basis for developing suitable management strategies to mitigate the exposure to potentially toxic metals in high risk areas.
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•Significant enrichment of potentially toxic elements was found in agricultural soils derived from black shale.•Cd and Pb dominated in the exchangeable and residual fractions, respectively.•Potentially toxic elements pose prominent ecological risks in the study area, especially Cd.•Food consumption produced the highest health risk among various exposure pathways.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A hydrophilic Y zeolite was primarily treated with sodium hydroxide to enhance its cation exchange capacity (Na-zeolite). The organo-zeolite (Na-H-zeolite) was prepared by a modification process of ...the external surface of Na-zeolite with a cationic surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammonium; HDTMA). Three adsorbents (i.e., pristine zeolite, Na-zeolite, and Na-H-zeolite) were characterized with nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cation exchange capacities, and zeta potential. Results demonstrated that HDTMA can be adsorbed on the surface of Na-zeolite to form patchy bilayers. The adsorption capacity of several hazardous pollutants (i.e., Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr2O72-, propylbenzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, benzene, and phenol) onto Na-H-zeolite was investigated in a single system and multiple-components. Adsorption isotherm was measured to further understand the effects of the modification process on the adsorption behaviors of Na-H-zeolite. Adsorption performances indicated that Na-H-zeolite can simultaneously adsorb the metal cations (on the surface not covered by HDTMA), oxyanions (on the surface covered by HDTMA). Na-H-zeolite also exhibited both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces to uptake organic compounds with various water solubilities (from 55 to 75,000mg/L). It was experimentally concluded that Na-H-zeolite is a potential dual-electronic and amphiphilic adsorbent for efficiently removing a wide range of potentially toxic pollutants from aquatic environments.
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•Hydrophilic zeolite treated with NaOH (Na-zeolite) to enhance cation exchange capacity.•Na-zeolite modified with HDTMA (Na-H-zeolite) to prepare amphiphilic and dual-electronic adsorbent.•Na-H-zeolite applied to adsorb cationic and oxyanionic metal ions and organic compounds.•Adsorption isotherms conducted in single solution and multiple-components of adsorbate.•Maximum adsorption capacity of Na-H-zeolite: 67mg/g (Pb2+), 26mg/g (Cu2+), 23mg/g (Ni2+), 40mg/g (Cr2O72-), 41mg/g (phenol).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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