Las casas prefabricadas construidas por empresas de EUA, entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, llegaron al Soconusco mexicano (en el estado de Chiapas) con la migración de familias ...germano-guatemaltecas para constituir fincas dedicadas a la producción de café lavado destinado a la exportación mundial. Este texto, indagará sobre el origen de las casas prefabricadas y buscará dar explicación sobre los motivos de adquisición, a la vez que documentará dos casas construidas a partir de este método de prefabricación de elementos y posterior ensamblaje en obra.
The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources, and the building sector accounts for around 40% of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. To contribute to the need for ...more sustainable solutions, this research analyzed and highlighted the benefits of off-site construction, utilizing eleven zero-energy prefabricated houses from the Solar Decathlon Middle East competition as case studies. The study used construction data documented by the competition organizers, such as drawings, manuals, photos, and in-person observations during the assembly process. The comparative analysis focused on the construction categories, types of solutions, structural materials, façade types, and building materials. The case studies featured both heavy and lightweight construction and three types of off-site construction: panelized, volumetric, and hybrid. The hybrid construction was the most utilized since it combines the advantages of less intensive on-site work of the volumetric solutions with the transportation benefits of 2D elements. The designers justified their selection of timber as a structural material based on its low environmental impact. In addition, they enhanced the environmental benefits of off-site construction by selecting eco-friendly materials and solutions that increase the efficiency of the houses.
STUDY ON MODULAR HOUSES DESIGN Carmen Marza; Georgiana Corsiuc; Ana Maria Graur
Journal of Industrial Design and Engineering Graphics,
05/2019, Volume:
14, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Open access
In the field of civil engineering, in the last period emerged and developed the idea of modular constructions, which is in consensus with the alert rhythm of the present times that we are going ...through, while responding to the requirement of economic efficiency. In this paper the authors present a project for some modules that can be assembled in several ways so that according to the destination and the requirements of the clients they can be personalized to meet their needs and expectations. Obviously, special attention has been paid to the technology of joining modules, solving the covering surfaces and other execution details required to ensure comfort in the habitat area.
STUDY ON MODULAR HOUSES DESIGN Carmen MARZA; Georgiana CORSIUC; Ana Maria GRAUR
Journal of Industrial Design and Engineering Graphics,
05/2019, Volume:
14, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Open access
In the field of civil engineering, in the last period emerged and developed the idea of modular constructions, which is in consensus with the alert rhythm of the present times that we are going ...through, while responding to the requirement of economic efficiency. In this paper the authors present a project for some modules that can be assembled in several ways so that according to the destination and the requirements of the clients they can be personalized to meet their needs and expectations. Obviously, special attention has been paid to the technology of joining modules, solving the covering surfaces and other execution details required to ensure comfort in the habitat area.
Rapid range expansion of Kuhl's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) has been observed throughout Europe, and in addition to its natural habitats of temperate grasslands and agricultural areas, the ...species is common in city centres, where it roosts in human-made structures. It has been suggested that the flexibility of this species in regard to different human-induced changes, such as climate change and urbanization, is responsible for the apparent range shift. Although P. kuhlii exhibits one of the highest degrees of synanthropy among bat species in Europe, its ecology has thus far not been thoroughly studied. This study aims to describe its foraging and roosting selection in Central Europe (eastern Slovakia), where the northernmost maternity colony of P. kuhlii roosts in human settlements. Radio-tracking was conducted during the pre-parturition and post-lactation periods. We identified six artificial roosts within the study area that were interlinked, with bats switching between them. Ten individuals were used for modelling foraging-habitat utilization, which revealed that bats were highly selective. The only habitat type that bats clearly preferred, regardless of season, was an urban illuminated area close to a river. Only slight avoidance — of open areas — was observed during the pre-parturition period.
This article makes a case for a relational approach to studying the history of 'socialist cities' in Europe as inherently interconnected with various other places through transnational links. It ...attempts to contribute to historians' debates about the socialist city and to interlink them with the project of developing a 'global urban studies'. To do so, it brings several examples from the history of urban planning and urban development in post-war Czechoslovakia which challenge academic representations of socialist cities as specific and disconnected from places across the Iron Curtain. First, based on a review of contemporary professional literature in urban planning and architecture, the article points out some of the channels through which knowledge about and from geographically or ideologically distant places, including the 'Western' world, was available to Czechoslovak experts, and, especially, how this knowledge has been reflected in their own debates about housing construction and urban development in Czechoslovakia. Second, one palpable example of exchanges across the borders of the then-divided Europe is depicted through the transnational story of wooden prefabricated houses. So called Finnish houses were produced in Finland, yet they became an integral part of several cities and towns in socialist Czechoslovakia.
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This paper analyzed the damage of facades of individual and collective housing buildings in prefabricated neighborhoods on Apelovac hill in Nis. An evaluation of technical and structural ...characteristics of facade walls according to the durability and sustainability criteria has been conducted. After over 50 years of service, these buildings, in most cases are still fit for their primary purpose, but their facades fail to meet the quality standards any longer. It is in part the result of damage sustained in time, but also of more stringent requirements regarding technical characteristics and building appearance. Facade walls constructed according to the building practice of the day completely lost their physical-technical and visual-esthetic functions.
Wood industrialization provides a contribution to timber-based building. The Chilean market is based on attributes such as the experience and trust of companies. The sales price, meeting deadlines ...and quality are attributes that have motivated buyers. There are more attributes to assess that are important for the client and market country: building materials and safety, sustainability, and environmental assessment. Some of these valuations are provided by certifications such as life cycle analysis, reduction of energy, water, gas consumption, thermal, acoustic insulation, fire resistance, etc. The objective is to propose an evaluation tool using sustainability indicators for prefabricated lumber-based buildings, using technical benefits of wood as an option for manufacturing prefabricated structures. They constitute references that can be integrated with international construction standards and with it, a process of improvement of the current standards for the housing solution and protection of the environment. The methodology is based on standards compliance levels, according to current, voluntary, or referential regulations, seeking to differentiate the market offer of prefabricated homes through quality indicators, benchmarking and sustainability. The results are an evaluation model synthesized into three tables according to the category evaluated: materials, products, or structures. It concludes that, to meet demand, the market must adapt its offer to new requirements where it does matter how the housing is produced, not only in the economic aspect, but also its impact on the social aspect and the environment and what it offers in terms of quality of life. The lumber-based building sector needs sustainability attributes indicators to potentiate the companies and start a differentiation business.
In Japan, early models of light-gauge steel prefabricated houses were developed in 1960’s. This study aims to investigate the structural properties of those two models: one is “style-A” and the other ...is “style-B” which is an improved version of style-A. A series of on-site survey was carried out to measure the dimensions of structural frames and the obtained information was summarized as structural drawings. An elastic structural analysis was carried out to compute stresses, deflections and story drifts in structural frames subject to the design loads, and the structural property of each model was discussed.
The US is facing an acute housing supply shortage; the result of years of underconstruction. We argue that there are four major reasons for this: restrictive zoning, high regulatory costs, high ...building costs, including labor and materials, and financing constraints. We then focus on four specific single family products that could benefit from removing some of these barriers: manufactured housing, modular/panelized/pre-cut housing, accessory dwelling units and housing preservation. We estimate how many units each could add.
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