•Residents with higher place attachment exhibited higher well-being.•Greenway quality did not exhibit significant influences on place attachment or well-being.•Place attachment mediated the ...relationship between environmental stressors and well-being.
In Taiwan, about 80 % of the population lives in urban areas, and as the number of older adults inches toward 20 % of the total population by 2026, Taiwan is expected to become a super-aged society. Because urban green spaces are critical for maintaining older adults’ physio-psychological health, maintenance of these spaces can assist the aging-in-place process. Urban greenways not only provide physical environments that support leisure activities, but also create a social environment in which older adults can develop place attachment. These areas improve older adults’ psychological well-being. By contrast, urban environmental stressors (e.g., noise and air pollution) may affect older residents’ well-being negatively. Therefore, this study developed a structural equation model to examine the relationship between physical environment and well-being from urban greenways in Taichung, and it examined how local older residents’ place attachment and perceived environmental stressors influence this relationship. Our dataset included 13 greenways and 769 participants older than 55 living in the vicinity of these greenways. The results indicate that participants perceive lower levels of environmental stress when their local greenway quality is better, enhancing levels of well-being and place attachment, as reported by older adult residents. Since urban greenways are linear public spaces adjacent to roads, greenway designers and planners should place more emphasis on environmental quality to help create high-quality and easy-to-maintain public spaces where older adults can enjoy the outdoors and improve their well-being without worrying about environmental stressors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Onion production in Burkina Faso faces to several constraints including diseases. Symptoms such as seedling damping-off are currently been observed. Most of the fungi responsible for onion diseases ...are seed-transmitted but in Burkina Faso, little information on onion seed quality were available. In a previous study, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani were found to be the main fungi present on onion seeds but their responsibility in the development of seedlings damping-off has not been established. The overall aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro, the effect of these fungi on onion seed germination and coleoptile growth in order to establish this responsibility. Onion seeds were inoculated with mycelium suspension of the fungi concentrated at 13.3 g/ml and incubated for 6 days under appropriates conditions. All the tested fungal isolates had an inhibitory effect on onion seed germination at rates ranging from 31 to 60%. The Fusarium species were the most virulent. Coleoptile length was also reduced by the fungi, leading to significant growth time-lag at rates ranging from 34 to 100%. Aspergillus niger was the most virulent. In conclusion, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani are responsible of seedling damping-off of onion in Burkina Faso.
SažetakLov je važan dio zaštite okoliša i bioraznolikosti. Demografske promjene te udaljenje ljudi od prirode, uzroci su polarizicije percepcije lovstva u društvu. Neki imaju Bambijev sindrom, drugi ...poremećaj nedostatka prirode. Mlade žene i gradska djeca općenito su protiv lova, a znanost trpi nedostatak analiza čimbenika koji su odgovorni za oblikovanje stavova. Budućnost modela upravljanja divljim životinjama ovisi o stavovima ljudi u nadolazećim desetljećima. Za ovu svrhu potrebno je temeljno i višedimenzionalno ispitati stav mladih ljudi prema lovu.
Glavni je cilj rada utvrđivanje suvremenih promjena sastava stanovništva Srednje Like prema dobi i prema sektoru djelatnosti. U tu svrhu provedene su prostorna i demogeografska analiza korištenjem ...popisnih podataka za godine 1971. i 2011. na prostornoj razini jedinice lokalne samouprave (kao i njihovih sjedišta) te za Srednju Liku u cjelini, a opažanja na terenu pridonijela su razumijevanju utjecaja utvrđenih procesa na prostor, odnosno krajolik Srednje Like. Također, kako bi se dobio bolji uvid, provedena je analiza kretanja ukupnog broja stanovnika Srednje Like u razdoblju od druge polovine 20. stoljeća. Promatrajući dob stanovništva, rezultati istraživanja su pokazali kako je u promatranom razdoblju na svim promatranim razinama došlo do značajnog starenja stanovništva čime dobno-spolna piramida poprima oblik urne. Pri tome je za obje promatrane godine najveća ostarjelost stanovništva zabilježena u Općini Lovinac, a najmanja u Gradu Gospiću. Nadalje, u promatranom je razdoblju zbog starenja stanovništva na području Srednje Like opća stopa aktivnosti sve niža. Također, došlo je do prestrukturiranja stanovništva prema djelatnostima tercijarnog i kvartarnog sektora uz napuštanje tradicionalnih primarnih djelatnosti. S obzirom na trenutačne okolnosti, u narednim popisima stanovništva očekuje se na analiziranom području daljnji nastavak izrazito nepovoljnih demografskih i ekonomskih procesa.
Odgojitelji su glavni akteri u provođenju uspješne i kvalitetne inkluzije. Stoga je važno provjeriti spremnost odgojitelja za rad u inkluzivnim skupinama i druge važne čimbenicke koji na tu spremnost ...utječu kako bi se dobio uvid u provođenju inkluzivne prakse u ranom i predškolskom odgoju i obrazovanju. Vodeći se time, postavljeni su sljedeći ciljevi u ovom istraživanju. Prvi cilj bio je utvrditi razlikuju li se odgojiteljice u stavovima prema inkluziji i samoprocjenjenoj kompetentnosti za rad s djecom s teškoćama s obzirom na neke njihove karakteristike (dob, prethodno radno iskustvo s djecom s teškoćama, osobno iskustvo s bliskom osobom s teškoćama, sudjelovanje na stručnom usavršavanju za rad s djecom s teškoćama), a drugi, ispitati kakav je odnos između navedenih dimenzija i emocionalne kompetentnosti. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 189 odgojiteljica iz Dječjeg vrtića Osijek. U svrhu procjene stava prema odgojnoobrazovnom uključivanju koristila se Skala spremnosti odgojitelja za rad u inkluzivnim skupinama (Skočić-Mihić, 2011), a za procjenu emocionalne kompetentnosti korišten je Upitnik emocionalne kompetentnosti (Takšić, 2002). Rezultati su pokazali da odgojiteljice imaju neutralne do blago pozitivne stavove prema inkluziji te da su neodlučne po pitanju samoprocjenjene kompetentnosti za rad s djecom s teškoćama. Osim toga, pokazalo se da mlađe odgojiteljice i one koje su imale prethodno radno iskustvo u redovnim skupinama imaju povoljnije stavove prema inkluziji i optimističniju procjenu vlastite kompetentnosti, u odnosu na starije odgojiteljice i one koje nisu imale prethodna iskustva u radu s djecom s teškoćama. Međutim, one koje su imale prethodno iskustvo u posebnim skupinama imale su negativnije stavove u odnosu na one koje nisu imale isto iskustvo. Odgojiteljice koje su imale osobno iskustvo s bliskom osobom s teškoćama također su se procjenjivale kompetentnijima za rad u inkluzivnim skupinama u odnosu na odgojiteljice koje nisu imale takvo iskustvo. Razlike na ostalim faktorima se nisu pronašle.
Preschool teachers play a pivotal role in the successful implementation of inclusive education. Therefore, it is essential to assess the readiness of preschool teachers to work in inclusive groups and other critical factors that influence this readiness to gain insight into the implementation of inclusive practices in early and preschool education. Guided by this, the following goals were established in this research. The first goal was to determine whether preschool teachers differ in their attitudes towards inclusion and their self-assessed competence for working with children with disabilities concerning certain characteristics (age, prior work experience with children with disabilities, personal experience with a close person with disabilities, participation in professional training for working with children with disabilities). The second goal was to examine the relationship between the mentioned dimensions and emotional competence. A total of 189 preschool teachers from one preschool institution in Osijek (Dječji vrtić Osijek) participated in the research. Data were collected using the Scale of willingness to work in inclusive groups (Skočić-Mihić,2011), and the Emotional Competence Questionnaire (Takšić, 2002). The results showed that preschool teachers have neutral to slightly positive attitudes towards inclusion and that they are undecided about their self-assessed competence to work with children with disabilities. Additionally, the results showed that younger preschool teachers and those with previous work experience in regular groups have more positive attitudes towards inclusion and an optimistic assessment of their own competence compared to older preschool teachers and those who had no prior experience working with children with disabilities. However, those who had previous experience in special groups exhibited more negative attitudes compared to those who did not have the same experience. Preschool teachers who had personal experience with a close person with disabilities were also self-assessed as more competent to work in inclusive groups compared to preschool teachers who did not have such experience. No differences were found regarding other factors.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati doprinos mračnih osobina ličnosti, moralnog rasuđivanja i stavova prema varanju čestini varanja u akademskom okruženju. U istraživanju su sudjelova-li studenti ...tri fakulteta u Osijeku (N = 331). Korišteni su Test moralnog rasuđivanja, Kratka skala mračne trijade, Upitnik sadističkih tendencija, te modificirana Skala varanja u školi. Utvrđene su rodne razlike u iskazanoj čestini lakših oblika varanja, pri čemu su muškarci bili skloniji ovoj vrsti varanja. Značajnim prediktorima lakših oblika varanja pokazali su se psihopatija i pozitivni stavovi prema lakšim oblicima varanja, a značajnim prediktorima težih oblika varanja vrsta fakulteta, sadizam te stavovi prema težim oblicima varanja. Stavovi prema lakšim, odnosno težim oblicima varanja pokazali su se najsnažnijim prediktorima i lakših i težih oblika varanja u aka-demskom okruženju.
In order to make the mental health education in colleges and universities continue and let students find more of their advantages and potential, the author proposes the application of PREMA model in ...the mental health education in colleges and universities. The author applied and explored the positive mental health course of 399 subjects for 13 class hours, which included five modules: “positive emotions and happiness, positive cognition and self-efficacy, positive traits and positive personality, positive environment, summary and sharing”, after longitudinal tracking for a school year, the results show that about 34.81% of freshmen have different degrees of problems or confusion in their first class hours, and about 4.22% of them have mild or more psychological problems. After one academic year, the number of students with different levels of problems or confusion dropped to 2.51%, and only 1.04% of students with moderate or above psychological problems. The overall mental health level of students has been improved, and the level of positive development has been improved. The PREMA model not only provides a new perspective for examining college students’ mental health level and subjective well-being, but also points out a new direction for the teaching of college mental health education courses. The course of positive mental health education plays an important role in improving students’ positive mental quality and promoting the development of mental health education in colleges and universities.
Although aging and old age are the subject of increasing research, the attitude towards one’s own aging seems to be insufficiently researched. This prompted us to examine whether the way we ...experience our own aging, as well as our attitudes towards older people, from adolescence and over a long period of adulthood, but also what is the role of gender and socioeconomic status (earnings and education). The survey was conducted in the Republic of Serbia and included 1,236 respondents (793 women and 443 men). A PORPOS3 battery was used, a purpose-built instrument with 343 questions, which also contains a short scale, Attitude towards one’s own aging with three dimensions: Concern about one’s own aging, Acceptance of aging and Attitude towards the elderly. The results shows that the respondents older than 61 years, in relation to the respondents from 31 to 40 years, but also that the respondents who earn up to 20,000.00 dinars, in relation to those who earn between 71,000.00 and 90,000.00 dinars, have a more negative attitude towards the elderly. In a sample of respondents between the ages of 41 and 50, a positive low-intensity correlation was obtained between concerns about one’s own aging and level of education.
Cilj je ovoga istraživanja bio ispitati povezanost otvorenosti prema iskustvu i uspješnog starenja, te provjeriti moguću posredujuću ulogu životnih žaljenja zbog propuštenih prilika i pogrešnih ...akcija u tom odnosu. Povećanje udjela starijih osoba u populaciji potaknulo je usmjeravanje istraživačkog interesa na čimbenike koji doprinose dugovječnosti i kvaliteti života u starijoj dobi, a u tom kontekstu raste broj istraživanja koja se bave konceptom uspješnog ili dobrog starenja. Uspješno starenje vrlo je složen konstrukt te još nema konsenzusa u pogledu komponenti koje uključuje i načina njegova mjerenja. Otvorenost prema iskustvu odnosi se na dimenziju ličnosti koja uključuje osjećaj za estetiku, znatiželju, kreativnost i nekonvencionalnost te je za nju kao takvu pretpostavljeno da doprinosi uspješnom starenju. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 479 osoba u dobi od 60 do 95 godina iz različitih dijelova Hrvatske. Uspješno starenje operacionalizirano je na dva načina: pomoću Skale samoprocjene uspješnog starenja i pomoću kompozitne mjere uspješnog starenja temeljene na komponentama modela Choa, Martina i Poona (2012), a to su subjektivni zdravstveni status, percepcija financijskog stanja i subjektivna dobrobit. Otvorenost je ispitana hrvatskom verzijom (Babarović i Šverko, 2013) supskale otvorenosti prema iskustvu iz upitnika HEXACO-PI-(R) (Ashton i Lee, 2008, 2009), dok su životna žaljenja zbog akcija i zbog propuštenih prilika ispitana svaka s po jednim pitanjem. Rezultati su pokazali da je otvorenost prema iskustvu umjereno visoko povezana s obje primijenjene mjere uspješnog starenja, dok su žaljenja zbog akcija i propuštenih prilika značajno negativno korelirala s mjerama uspješnog starenja. Rezultati provjere posredujuće uloge životnih žaljenja u odnosu između otvorenosti prema iskustvu i uspješnog starenja pokazali su da životna žaljenja zbog pogrešnih akcija nisu medijator u ovom odnosu, dok su se žaljenja zbog propuštenih prilika pokazala značajnim, ali djelomičnim medijatorom. Istraživanje upućuje na važnost koju otvorenost prema iskustvu te manji intenzitet životnih žaljenja mogu imati za starije osobe, olakšavajući im prilagodbu na promjene povezane s procesom starenja.
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Objavljivanje u otvorenom pristupu (OA, od engl. open access ) danas je prevladavajući oblik komunikacije znanstvenih rezultata. Prema rezultatima ranijih istraživanja udio OA u ukupnom broju ...međunarodno vidljivih radova hrvatskih autora iznosi 74 %. Početkom 2023. godine provedena je anketa među korisnicima liste znanstvenici.hr da bi se ispitali stavovi i praksa hrvatskih autora u svezi s OA. Anketa je imala cilj sagledati razinu podrške objavljivanju u OA, prepoznavanje pozitivnih i negativnih aspekata, motivaciju za objavljivanje u OA, izvore financiranja te razloge sklonosti određenim OA izdavačima. Prikupljeno je 763 potpuno ispunjenih upitnika. Analiza rezultata pokazala je da 75 % ispitanika podržava objavljivanje u OA te prepoznaje prednosti koje to donosi znanstvenom istraživanju i obrazovnom procesu. Više od 80 % ispitanika slaže se da OA doprinosi bržoj distribuciji novih spoznaja te da radovi objavljeni u OA imaju veće čitateljstvo i vidljivost. S druge strane, gotovo trećina ispitanika smatra da OA povećava komercijalizaciju znanstvenog izdavaštva te da rastući broj objava smanjuje kvalitetu recenzentskog postupka. Kad je u pitanju odabir časopisa za objavljivanje, većini ispitanika kojima znanstveni časopisi predstavljaju najvažniji kanal komunikacije važniji su ugled časopisa i odjek u znanstvenoj zajednici nego otvoren pristup. Praksa OA časopisa koji objavljuju isključivo uz naplatu troškova objave izaziva najviše razilaženja u stavovima. Ispitanici s pozitivnim stavom objavljuju u takvim OA časopisima, poglavito zbog brzine recenziranja i objave. S druge strane, oni s negativnim stavom smatraju da je izdavačima OA časopisa koji naplaćuju objavu važnija zarada od kvalitete objavljenih članaka, navode da nemaju sredstva za plaćanje troškova objave ili ih ne žele plaćati jer se protive preprekama koje se postavljaju objavljivanju znanstvenih rezultata.
Open access (OA) publishing has become the dominant form of scientific communication. According to an earlier research, the share of OA in the total number of internationally visible papers by Croatian authors is 74 %. This study investigates the attitudes and publication practices of Croatian authors towards OA through a survey conducted among members of the znanstvenici.hr mailing list in early 2023. The survey aimed to determine their support for OA publishing, recognition of its positive and negative aspects, motives for choosing OA publishing, funding sources, and preferences for certain OA publishers. A total of 1,041 participants responded to the survey, with 763 fully completing the questionnaire. The majority of respondents (over 60 %) were active in the fields of sciences, social sciences, and engineering. Analysis of their publication output during the 2021–2022 period revealed that 43.6 % of respondents did not publish a single article in a Croatian journal, with the highest proportion (71 %) observed in the sciences. In contrast, 9.7 % did not publish in foreign journals, with 32 % of these respondents coming from the humanities. Among those who published in foreign journals, approximately 50 % published at least one paper in subscription journals, and the same proportion published in fully open access journals with article processing charge (APC) payments. One-fifth of the authors published their papers for free in fully open access journals, either through invitation or by utilizing coupons for free publication. Coupons were the most commonly used source for APC payments. The majority of respondents (75 %) expressed support for OA publishing and acknowledged its advantages in scientific research and the educational process. Over 80 % of respondents agreed that OA facilitates faster and more efficient dissemination of new knowledge, and increases readership, and enhances the visibility of research papers.
However, when selecting a journal for publication, respondents were primarily motivated by the journal’s reputation and impact rather than its open access status. Nearly one-third of the surveyed authors believed that OA increases the commercialization of scientific publishing and that the rising number of publications diminishes the quality of peer review. Attitudes towards publishing in fully open access journals operating exclusively with the APC financing model varied among respondents. Those with a positive attitude were motivated by the speed of peer review and publication process, while those with a negative attitude believed that publishers of APC-charging OA journals prioritize profit over the quality of published articles. Additionally, some respondents mentioned that they could not afford to pay APC, or chose not to pay due to their opposition to any obstacles hindering the publication of scientific results. The survey results indicate that Croatian authors, even when lacking sufficient means, are more inclined to pay publication costs rather than ensuring open access through archiving their papers in public digital repositories.
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