Somaclonal variation has become common for many plant species including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). The present study was aimed to compare the morphological and yield characters of tissue ...culture derived and field grown soybean cultivar CO-3 (Coimbatore-3). With respect to the plants derived from tissue culture, the morphological characters such as length of roots, shoots, petioles, internodal region, number of leaf nodes, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots and yield contributing characters length of pods, number of flowers/ node, number of pods/ node, number of pods/ plant, number of seed aborted fruits and number of seeds/ pod were significantly (p>0.05) varied from parent or field grown plants, except seed yield. Even the variation was observed in both the type of plants, since the difference was not too large. We conclude that tissue culture technique is not detrimental for plant growth and performance and which is widely used in many genetic engineering techniques.
Somaklonska variabilnost je pri soji (Glycine max (L.) Merr) in mnogih drugih rastlinah med uporabljanimi viri genske variabilnosti. Namen te raziskave je bil preveriti pojavljanje variabilnosti med rastlinami dobljenimi iz tkivnih kultur pri soji cv. CO3 (Coimbatore 3). Avtorji so primerjali regenerirane rastline s kontrolnimi rastlinami. Ugotovili so vrsto značilnih razlik pri morfoloških lastnostih, nas primer glede na dolžino korenin, poganjkov, petiol, internodijev in strokov. Poleg teh lastnosti so bile tudi razlike glede na število olistanih nodijev, število cvetov na nodij, strokov na nodij, strokov na rastlino, stevilo semen na strok, svežo in suho teža listov in korenin značilne (p>0.05), razlike pa niso bile značilne glede na pridelek rastlin. Ker razlike niso bile velike, avtorji ugotavljajo, da spremembe zaradi somaklonske variabilnosti niso nujno škodljive za rastline. To je pomembno, saj se tehniko tkivnih kultur široko uporablja pri uporabi metod genskega inženiringa.
At the experimental field of Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing at Žalec an experiment was conducted in 2006/07 to detect the impact of fertilization by K2SO4 and gypsum on the yield, ...oil content, oil yield, protein content, protein yield and fatty acids composition at two different cultivars of oilseed rape (cultivar Smart and hybrid Toccata). In the conditions of the experiment the source of sulphur did not impact the yield, but a negative impact of spring fertilization by sulphur at cultivar Smart was detected. At hybrid Toccata positive impact of gypsum was detected when it was fertilized at sowing. Oil content was higher at cultivar Smart by 3.32% compared to hybrid Toccata. At cultivar Smart no source of sulphur impacted significantly the yield of oil, while at the conditions of the experiment positive impact of spring applications of sulphur on the yield of oil was detected at hybrid Toccata. Oil yield was higher at cultivar Smart compared to hybrid Toccata. Protein content was not impacted by sulphur fertilization. The share of linoleic acid was higher at hybrid Toccata by 2.2% to 2.4%, the share of oleic acid was higher at cultivar Smart by 2.2% to 3.1%, the shares of other investigated acids did not differ a lot between Smart and Toccata.
Na poskusnem polju Inštituta za hmeljarstvo in pivovarstvo Slovenije v Žalcu smo v sezoni 2006/07 zastavili poskus, v katerem smo preizkusili vpliv gnojenja s K2SO4 in sadro na pridelek, vsebnost olja, pridelek olja, vsebnost beljakovin, pridelek beljakovin in sestavo maščobnih kislin dveh kultivarjev (kultivar Smart in hibrid Toccata) oljne ogrščice. V danih razmerah različne oblike gnojenja z žveplom niso imele značilnega vpliva na pridelek, vendar se pri kultivarju Smart nakazuje negativen učinek spomladanskega gnojenja z gnojili, ki vsebujejo žveplo, pri hibridu Toccata pa pozitiven učinek gnojenja s sadro, če je bila pognojena ob setvi. Vsebnost olja je bila pri kultivarju Smart za 3,32% višja kot pri hibridu Toccata. Pri kultivarju Smart nobena oblika gnojenja z žveplom ni pomembno vplivala na hektarski pridelek olja, pri hibridu Toccata pa se v danih razmerah nakazuje pozitiven učinek spomladanskega gnojenja z žveplom na pridelek olja. Hektarski pridelek olja je pomembno večji pri kultivarju Smart kot pri hibridu Toccata. Na vsebnost beljakovin gnojenje z žveplom ni imelo vpliva. Delež linolne kisline v olju je bil pri hibridu Toccata višji za 2,2% do 2,4%, delež oleinske kisline je bil višji pri kultivarju Smart za 2,2 do 3,1%, deleži drugih maščobnih kislin se pri obeh kultivarjih medsebojno le malo razlikujejo.
In the period 2001-2005 block field trials with ten soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merrill): Aldana, Borostyan, Essor, Ika, Kador, Major, Nawiko, Olna, Tarna and Tisa with three repetitions have ...been designed on the experimental field at the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana with the purpose of studying the influence of sowing density on crop yield. Planting of soybean was performed manually each year in the beginning of May using the 50 cm row spacing (wide rows) and 25 cm spacing (narrow rows), the distance between seeds in a row was 15 cm. In each case of row spacing, the soybean cultivar and the year of the experiment influenced the mean yield of the soybean. For the dense sowing, the significantly higher yield of soybean (3428 kg/ha) was detected compared to the thin sowing (2690 kg/ha). The significant influence of the cultivar was found in every year in case of the thin sowing, where the yield in the 2001 (the year of the drought) was significantly lower compared to other years. For the thin sowing, the most productive cultivar was the Borostyan (3974 kg/ha), the lowest mean yield was recorded for the cultivar Aldana (1472 kg/ha). For the dense sowing, significantly higher soybean yield was confirmed in 2005 (3760 kg/ha), compared to the years 2002 (3145 kg/ha) and 2003 (3239 kg/ha), when the yields were significantly lower. The cultivar Aldana recorded the lowest yield (2110 kg/ha) also in the case of dense sowing, while under the same growing conditions, the cultivar Tisa (5171 kg/ha) proved to be the most productive cultivar. Considering the length of the growing period and the yield, the medium late cultivars Borostyan, Essor, Tarna, Major and Olna and the medium early cultivar Nawiko could be recommended for sowing in central parts of Slovenia. Despite higher productivity of Tisa, Ika and Kador cultivars, their late maturity is less suitable for machine harvesting on lager land areas. Based on our data on productivity, growing period and other economically significant characteristics of soybean cultivars, together with selected row spacing, the experts will be able to suggest to producers cultivars and production practises to ensure high and dependable yields of soybean.
V obdobju 2001-2005 so bili na poskusnem polju Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani zasnovani bločni poljski poskusi z desetimi kultivarji soje (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), in sicer: Aldana, Borostyan, Essor, Ika, Kador, Major, Nawiko, Olna, Tarna in Tisa v treh ponovitvah, z namenom preučitve vpliva gostote setve na pridelek zrnja. Setev soje je bila izvedena vsako leto na začetku maja, in sicer ročno, na medvrstna razmika 50 cm (redka setev) in 25 cm (gosta setev), razmik med semeni v vrsti pa je bil 15 cm. Pri obeh medvrstnih razmikih sta na povprečni pridelek soje vplivala kultivar in leto poskusa. Pri gosti setvi je bil ugotovljen signifikantno večji pridelek soje (3428 kg/ha) kot pri redki setvi (2690kg/ha). Signifikanten vpliv kultivarja na pridelek se je pokazal v vseh letih pri redki setvi, pri čemer je bil pridelek v letu 2001 (sušno leto) signifikantno manjši kot v ostalih letih. Najbolj roden kultivar pri redki setvi je bil Borostyan (3974 kg/ha), najmanjši pridelek pa smo ugotovili pri kultivarju Aldana (1472 kg/ha). Pri gosti setvi smo potrdili signifikantno največji pridelek soje v letu 2005 (3760 kg/ha), v primerjavi z letoma 2002 (3145 kg/ha) in 2003 (3239 kg/ha), ko sta bila pridelka signifikantno manjša. Kultivar Aldana (2110 kg/ha) je imel najmanjši pridelek tudi pri gosti setvi, medtem ko je bil v istih rastnih razmerah najbolj roden kultivar Tisa (5171 kg/ha). Glede na dolžino rastne dobe in velikost pridelka lahko za setev v osrednji Sloveniji priporočamo srednje pozne kultivarje Borostyan, Essor, Tarna, Major in Olna ter srednje zgodnji kultivar Nawiko. Kljub večji produktivnosti kultivarjev Tisa, Ika in Kador, je njihova pozna zrelost manj ustrezna pri strojnem spravilu na večjih zemljiščih. Le na podlagi poznavanja produktivnosti, dolžine rastne dobe in drugih gospodarsko pomembnih lastnosti kultivarjev soje pri izbranem medvrstnem razmiku, bodo lahko strokovnjaki svetovali pridelovalcem, tako, da bo pridelek zrnja velik in zanesljiv.
The basic parameter of re-introduction of this crop into the crop rotation in Slovenia is testing and trials of sunflower cultivars (Helianthus annuus L.), that could be suitable for the growing ...conditions in Slovenia, for the purpose of organic production and for the production of healthy food for consumers. On the experimental field at Biotechnical Faculty, in the period from 2002 to 2006, we were testing certain economically significant properties of five sunflower cultivars: Kernal, Kongo, Delija, Goleador and Iregi szürke csíkos. Seeds were sown by hand to the parcel in the size of 3 m x 11.8 m. Under the growing conditions in central Slovenia the genetic potential of hybrids for the production above 4 t of seed/ha was almost reached and closely approached by the hybrids Kongo and Kernal with average yields 3.5 t/ha and 3.3 t/ha. Yields of Delija and Goleador hybrids were about 1 to 1.2 tons lower, but mutually comparable. The lowest yield (1.6 t/ha) was given by Iregi szurke csikos variety, which is mostly grown by the producers in Slovenia, mainly because it is used and sold as a bird feed. In the year 2003, the fat content in the seed obtained from the hybrids, reached from 38 to 42 %, for Iregi szurke csikos variety it was only 33 %, on the other side - in the year 2005 - the fat content in the seed obtained from the hybrids was higher, that is 39 to 45 %, and for the Iregi szurke csikos variety the average was the same as in the year 2003. The highest fat content in the seed was reached by highly oleic hybrid Goleador, that is 42 % in the year 2003 and 45 % in 2005; for this hybrid, during this two years of the trials the 78- to 79-percent content of oleic acid in the oil was a little lower than its genetic potential, which is above 80 %. Regarding the use of the crop - for the cold pressed oil - the most important cultivars are the highly oleic hybrid Goleador and semioleic Delija, and for the bird feed instead of the Iregi szurke csikos variety we could sow Kongo and Kernal hybrids, not only due to their higher yields, but also due to higher fat content. Experts can advise producers how they can increase their production of seeds and oil only on the basis of tested, high quality and accessible sunflower assortment.
Preizkušanje kultivarjev sončnice (Helianthus annuus L.), ki bodo ustrezali rastnim razmeram v Sloveniji, potrebam sonaravne pridelave in potrošnikom zdrave hrane, je temelj ponovnega uvajanja te poljščine v kolobar. Na poskusnem polju Biotehniške fakultete smo v obdobju 2002 do 2006 preučevali nekatere gospodarsko pomembne lastnosti petih kultivarjev sončnice: Kernal, Kongo, Delija, Goleador in Iregi szürke csíkos. Seme smo posejali ročno na parcelo velikosti 3 m x 11,8 m. Genskemu potencialu hibridov za pridelek nad 4 t semena/ha sta se v rastnih razmerah osrednje Slovenije najbolj približala hibrida Kongo in Kernal s povprečnima pridelkoma 3,5 t/ha in 3,3 t/ha. Pridelek hibridov Delija in Goleador je bil za 1 do 1,2 toni manjši, vendar med seboj primerljiv. Najmanjši pridelek je dala sorta Iregi szurke csikos (1,6 t/ha), ki jo pridelovalci sončnice v Sloveniji sejejo največ, ker je v prodaji za krmo ptic. Vsebnost olja v semenu v letu 2003 je bila pri hibridih od 38 do 42 %, pri sorti Iregi szurke csikos pa le 33 %, nasprotno pa je bila oljnatost semena v letu 2005 pri hibridih večja, to je 39 do 45 %, pri sorti Iregi szurke csikos pa približno enaka kot v letu 2003. Največjo vsebnost olja v semenu je imel visoko oleinski hibrid Goleador, in sicer 42 % v letu 2003 in 45 % v letu 2005; 78- do 79- odstotna vsebnost oleinske kisline v olju pa je bila v obeh letih nekoliko manjša od njegovega genskega potenciala za to lastnost, ki je nad 80 %. Glede na namen uporabe pridelka sta za hladno stisnjeno olje najprimernejša visoko oleinski hibrid Goleador in pol oleinski Delija, za krmo ptic pa bi lahko namesto sorte Iregi szurke csikos sejali hibrida Kongo in Kernal, ne le zaradi večje rodnosti, ampak tudi zaradi večje vsebnosti maščob. Le na podlagi preizkušenega, kakovostnega in dostopnega sortimenta sončnice bodo lahko strokovnjaki svetovali pridelovalcem, tako, da bodo ti pridelali več semena in maščob.
Na Biotehniški fakulteti v Ljubljani je bilo v obdobju 2000 do 2002 v kolekcijskih nasadih posajenih 22 sort krompirja (Solanum tuberosum L.) in sicer: 'Adora', 'Jaerla', 'Minerva', 'Primura', ...'Vesna', 'Arinda', 'Bintje', 'Carlingford', 'Concorde', 'Cosmos', 'Cvetnik', 'Desiree', 'Escort', 'Frisia', 'Romano', 'Sante', 'Agria', 'Bright', 'Cita', 'Cornado', 'Fianna' in 'Kennebec'. Največji povprečni pridelek treh let je od zgodnjih sort dala 'Jaerla' (40,0 t/ha), od srednje zgodnjih 'Arinda' (45,3 t/ha), od srednje poznih 'Escort' (47,5 t/ha) in od poznih 'Agria' (47,0 t/ha). Skupina 8 do 10 uporabnikov je pod strokovnim vodstvom s pomočjo senzoričnih testov ocenila barvo in spremembo barve površine, razkuhanost, konzistenco (čvrsta-rahla), moknatost, lepljivost, vlažnost-suhost, strukturo (groba-fina) in aromo (želena-tuja) olupljenih kuhanih gomoljev pri vsaki sorti posebej. Od preizkušenih sort je samo sorta 'Carlingford' s pridelkom 38,1 t/ha dobila povprečno oceno senzorične kakovosti treh let odlično (10), prav dobro (9) do odlično (10) pa je bilo v tem obdobju ocenjenih devet sort, med njimi tudi srednje pozna sorta 'Desiree' s pridelkom 45,5 t/ha, ki je na Priporočeni sortni listi zadnjih let v opuščanju, po mnenju porabnikov pa je še vedno najbolj znana in priljubljena sorta krompirja pri nas. Sorte, vpisane v slovensko sortno listo po letu 1990: 'Minerva', 'Arinda', 'Carlingford', 'Escort', 'Frisia', 'Agria' in 'Cita' z najmanj prav dobro oceno senzorične kakovosti (³9), se bodo pri porabnikih uveljavile le z ustreznejšim povezovanjem med strokovnjaki in pridelovalci. Tudi porabniki bodo zadovoljili želje po gastronomski odličnosti krompirjevih jedi oz. prilog krompirja k mesu in zelenjavi le na podlagi poznavanja senzoričnih lastnosti sort in izbire uporabnega tipa za določen način priprave, k čimer pa lahko doprinesejo poljudno strokovni prispevki v avdiovizualnih javnih medijih.
A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2000-2001 at the Vegetable Research Farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (I.A.R.I.), New Delhi (India) to test the efficacy of ...three Azotobacter strains as a potential supplement to nitrogenous fertilizer in improving growth and yield of onion cv. Pusa Madhvi. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of four levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg N/ha) and three Azotobacter strains (CBD-15, AS-4 and M-4) with two uninoculated controls one with full dose of N (100 kg/ha) and the other without NPK. Application of 75 kg N/ha along with inoculation of CBD-15 was found to have significantly increased most of the growth and yield parameters, soil available nitrogen, and nitrogen content in the bulb followed by M-4 inoculation as compared to application of full dose of nitrogen without the inoculation. Days to bulb initiation were significantly reduced due to inoculation with CBD-15 or M-4 along with 50 kg N/ha whereas days to bulb maturity were significantly reduced due to inoculation with any of the strains along with the same N rate (50 kg/ha) as compared to application of full dose of nitrogen without the inoculation. The finding demonstrated a saving of 50 kg N/ha without significantly affecting yield and an average increase of 13.5% marketable yield due to Azotobacter inoculation in the presence of 75 kg N/ha.
V letih 2000-2001 je bil na Vegetable Research Farm, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (I.A.R.I.), New Delhi (India) izveden poskus za preverjanje učinkovitost treh sojev Azotobacter kot mo_nih dodatkov k uporabi du_ičnih gnojil, da bi se izbolj_alo rast in pridelek pri čebuli cv. Pusa Madhvi. Poskus je vključeval faktorske kombinacije _tirih ravni preskrbljenosti z du_ikom (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg N/ha) in tri genotipe Azotobacter (CBD-15, AS-4 and M-4), z dvema neinokuliranima kontrolama, od tega eno z odmerkom N (100 kg/ha) in drugo brez gnojenja z NPK. Aplikacija 75 kg N/ha je skupaj z inokulacijo CBD-15 dala pomembno povečanje večine parametrov rasti in pridelka, v tleh dostopnega du_ika in vsebosti du_ika v čebulah po inokulaciji z M-4 , v primerjavi z aplikacijo polnega odmerka du_ika a brez inokulacije. _tevilo dni do začetka tvorbe čebul je bilo značilno manj_e pri inokulaciji z CBD-15 ali M-4 , skupaj z odmerkom 50 kg N/ha. _tevilo dni do zrelih čebul je bilo značilno manj_e pri inokulaciji s katerim koli genotipom pri enakem odmerku N (50 kg/ha), v primerjavi s polnim odmerkom du_ika brez inokulacije. Ugotovitve ka_ejo prihranek 50 kg N/ha brez značilnega zni_anja pridelka. Ugotovljeno je povprečno povečanje tr_nega pridelka za 13,5% pri inokulaciji z Azotobacter-jem in odmerku 75 kg N/ha.
The plant spacing of early cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) was studied at the Experimental Field of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana, during the 2001 and 2002 growing season. The ...cultivars, which included "Vestri", "Parel", "Delphi", "Destiny" and "Hermes", were each spaced at 20, 30 and 40 cm within rows and 30 cm between rows or populations equivalent to 166,000, 108,000 and 82,000 plants ha-1. The experimental variables measured were marketable yield (per head and per hectare), yield characteristics (head diameter and head volume), quality characteristics (core volume, head density, soluble solids and dry matter) and onion thrips damage ratings. There was no interaction effect of cultivar and planting spacing on the measured variables. Marketable yield per head, head diameter and volume, core volume and head density generally increased as the within-row plant spacing increased, whereas, dry matter was significantly decreased at lower plant spacing. Soluble solids were not affected by plant spacing. The yield potential of cabbage was higher at cv. "Vestri" than at the other cultivars. The onion thrips damage rating was severe at the lowest plant spacing and contributed to the reduced yield. A higher damage rating was established in the cv. "Parel" but this didn't have a statistically significant influence on the weight loss of yield.
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