•Silicalite-1 pellets sorbent for PSA separation of CH4 and N2 (20%/80% and 30%/70%).•Unimpaired adsorption and separation performances on silicalite-1 pellet.•20% and 30% CH4 could be enriched to ...45% and 57% by a single column with a recovery of 80%.•The two-bed six-step cycles could be accurately simulated.
In this work, we have studied high-silica (Si/Al = 200) zeolite silicalite-1 pellets sorbent for the separation of methane and nitrogen in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process. The pellet samples have well maintained similar adsorption and separation performances of the zeolite powder samples. The adsorption kinetic parameters were determined by actual breakthrough experiments on the pellet samples. The effects of feed flow and cycle time on methane product purity and recovery have been investigated. The accuracy of the numerical simulation method has been verified by the experiment data. In order to optimize the coalbed methane enrichment performance, the two-bed six-step PSA cycle was applied in the simulation. The simulation results revealed that 45% and 57% methane concentration could be achieved from 20% and 30% methane feedings with a recovery above 80%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers is still at an early stage of development.•Hybrid nanoflowers are a versatile host platform for the effective biomolecules immobilization systems.•Different ...approaches and process optimization of preparing hybrid nanoflowers are evaluated.•There will be great demand on biomolecule-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers with diverse functionality.
In the past few years, organic–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers technology has been emerged as an effective immobilization method. This method has motivated a considerable interest in exploiting them as a potential matrix for biomolecule immobilization due to their simple synthesis, high efficiency, great promise of enhancing biomolecule stability, activity and even selectivity. Recent years, many efforts have focused on this topic to develop biomolecule-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers with potential applications. In this review, recent advances in functional biomolecule-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers are discussed with an emphasis on the novel synthesizing strategies, process optimization, and their potential applications in biosensor, biocatalysis, drug delivery, and chemical analysis. Trends in current developments toward the rational design of these nanoflowers are identified.
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•Enzyme@MOF composites are still at an early stage of development.•Enzyme@MOF composites are a versatile host platform for the effective enzymes immobilization systems.•Different ...approaches and process optimization of preparing enzyme@MOF composites are evaluated.•There will be great demand on Enzyme@MOF composites with diverse functionality.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a type of porous material that have tunable porosity, desirable functionality, extremely high surface area, and chemical/thermal stability. MOFs consist of metal containing nodes and organic ligands linked through coordination bonds. Owing to the unique properties of MOFs, there is considerable interest in using them as a potential matrix for enzyme immobilization. Recent studies have focused on developing enzyme-MOF composites with potential applications. Many MOF-enzyme composites exhibit excellent catalytic performance, far outperforming free enzymes in many aspects. This review summarizes recent developments in enzyme-MOF composites with special emphasis on novel synthesizing strategies, process optimization, and improvement of catalytic performance of the enzyme-MOF composites over free enzymes.
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An ultrasound-assisted alkali method was developed to obtain high extraction level of pea protein isolate (PPI). The method parameters of ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction were successfully ...optimized using response surface methodology. The highest extraction level of PPI reached 82.6% at a solid/liquid ratio of 1:11.5 g:mL, pH 9.6, 13.5 min extraction time and 33.7% ultrasonic amplitude. Ultrasound caused changes to the secondary and tertiary protein structure of PPI, resulting in partial protein unfolding and the exposure of hydrophobic groups. In addition, smaller particle size and better dispersion were obtained in PPI with ultrasound-assisted extraction. The ultrasound-assisted alkali method resulted in significant improvements in the functional properties of PPIs, including increased solubility, water/oil holding capacity, foaming/emulsifying capacity, stability, and gel formation capacity. The biological activities of PPIs were also enhanced. Hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity was doubled, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity was increased by 55.1% compared with those of PPI extracted using traditional method. This study provides a potential strategy for the production of pea protein with high efficiency and high quality.
•Higher extraction level of pea protein was achieved with shortened time by US-extraction.•Ultrasound induced changes in secondary and tertiary structure of pea protein.•Functional properties and biological activities were increased by US-extraction.
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Medical oxygen concentrators (MOCs) play a vital role in providing oxygen therapy to patients with respiratory diseases. This paper offers a comprehensive evaluation of different adsorbents, ...including 13X, LiLSX, 5A, CaX, Ag-ETS-10, and AgLiLSX, utilized in MOCs. Process modeling and multi-objective optimization are conducted to assess the effectiveness of these adsorbents using the Skarstrøm cycle, employing pressure swing adsorption (PSA), vacuum swing adsorption (VSA), and pressure vacuum swing adsorption (PVSA) processes. The optimization result indicates that LiLSX is the top choice, providing medical-grade oxygen at a total product flow rate exceeding 15 SLPM. Additionally, 13X and CaX are identified as economical alternatives, particularly suitable for employment in the PSA and VSA processes, respectively. This study highlights the significance of establishing a connection between the Medical and Chemical Engineering communities through the direct incorporation of medical performance indicators, such as the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2), into the optimization process. The findings serve as a guide for selecting an appropriate design based on the patient’s requirements and demonstrate LiLSX’s capability to meet a diverse range of treatments, achieving FIO2 values up to 0.75. Furthermore, we explore the flexibility of MOC designs in meeting the demands of multiple patients simultaneously and propose energy-efficient design options based on patient needs. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into optimizing MOCs, ensuring effective and reliable oxygen therapy for patients, while also addressing challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic and potential global lithium scarcity.
•LiLSX excels, delivers medical oxygen >15 SLPM, meets high demand.•Integration of FIO2 in the optimization routine tailors solutions for patients.•Proposing energy-efficient options to meet multiple patients’ demands simultaneously.
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•A reusable magnetic nanocatalyst was designed for a transesterification reaction.•Biodiesel yield of 96.94 % was achieved through process optimization.•The reaction exhibited ...pseudo-first-order kinetics, necessitating less energy input.•The nanocatalyst retained its chemical stability and catalytic activity for 8 runs.•The biodiesel minimum selling price was 0.943 $/kg, with 2.25 years payback period.
A unique magnetically reusable basic ionic liquid nanocatalyst was designed to convert algal oil into biodiesel. The imidazolium-based basic ionic liquid (BIL) was immobilized onto the magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4-SiO2), resulting in Fe3O4-SiO2-BIL nanocatalyst with notable properties of large surface area (21.963 m2/g), high saturation magnetization (28.78 emu/g) and high thermal stability. The nanocatalyst effectively facilitated algal oil transesterification with 96.94 % biodiesel yield under methanol: oil ratio of 8.58:1 and a catalyst dosage of 4.59 % at 60.60 °C for 87.42 min. The transesterification reaction proceeded with pseudo-first-order kinetics, featuring a relatively low activation energy. The nanocatalyst showed excellent reusability for eight recycles. A techno-economic analysis demonstrated that industrial-scale biodiesel production from algal feedstock was economically viable with a minimum payback of 2.25 years. The environmental analysis revealed a low carbon footprint with the emission of 0.074 kg CO2 per kg of biodiesel produced. This research presents a sustainable approach for biodiesel production from algal feedstock facilitated by Fe3O4–SiO2–BIL nanocatalyst, offering both environmental and economic benefits.
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Laser powder bed fusion is a promising additive manufacturing technique for the fabrication of NiTi shape memory alloy parts with complex geometries that are otherwise difficult to fabricate through ...traditional processing methods. The technique is particularly attractive for the biomedical applications of NiTi shape memory alloys, such as stents, implants, and dental and surgical devices, where primarily the superelastic effect is exploited. However, few additively manufactured NiTi parts have been reported to exhibit superelasticity under tension in the as-printed condition, without a post-fabrication heat treatment, due to either persistent porosity formation or brittleness from oxidation during printing, or both. In this study, NiTi parts were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion and consistently exhibited room temperature tensile superelasticity up to 6% in the as-printed condition, almost twice the maximum reported value in the literature. This was achieved by eliminating porosity and cracks through the use of optimized processing parameters, carefully tailoring the evaporation of Ni from a Ni-rich NiTi powder feedstock, and controlling the printing chamber oxygen content. Crystallographic texture analysis demonstrated that the as-printed NiTi parts had a strong preferential texture for superelasticity, a factor that needs to be carefully considered when complex shaped parts are to be subjected to combined loadings. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed the presence of nano-sized oxide particles and Ni-rich precipitates in the as-printed parts, which play a role in the improved superelasticity by suppressing inelastic accommodation mechanisms for martensitic transformation.
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Sustainable development is an very important idea nowadays and it influences on many factors. It is very important to focus on the goals of sustainable development and implement them both in industry ...and in everyday life. The aim of the article is to analyse the impact of implementing an automatic conveyor belt transport system between the stands of an exemplary assembly line on sustainable development in economic and environmental terms. The analyzed production process consists of one production line with six assembly stations. The efficiency of individual design solutions and electricity consumption were adopted as the evaluation criteria. To compare the two processes, a simulation analysis was performed in the Plant Simulation program. First chapter is the introduction to the article. The second chapter describes the current applications of simulation tests. The third chapter describes the production system that is improved by adding conveyors. The next chapter compares the processes with and without the use of conveyors and presents how much energy must be used additionally by implementing conveyor belts, but also what energy savings can be obtained by installing additional stop sensors. The fifth chapter presents the conclusions: the conducted research allowed concluding that the implementation of conveyor belts affects a higher number of finished products at the same time as the transport of components is manual. However, the best solution is to use conveyors with stop sensors, and the power consumption is then low and more profitable for the enterprise.
This study explores the direct spray drying synthesis of UiO-66-NH2, a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF). Focusing on the impact of process parameters on yield and purity, this research ...employs a solvent-free approach, integrating continuous manufacturing principles for a more sustainable and efficient production process. The influence of gas flow rate, inlet temperature, feed flow rate, and precursor solutions solid loading (SL) were systematically investigated. The prepared samples, mainly at two different precursor solid loadings; labelled as 3%SL-UiO-66-NH2 and 6%SL-UiO-66-NH2, were fully characterised and benchmarked against the solvothermal prepared sample. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the ability to prepare a totally crystalline UiO-66-NH2 at 150 °C inlet temperature at 3% and 6% SL, without any preheating/mixing steps, and regardless of the other process conditions. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the presence of a higher degree of structural defects within the 3%SL-UiO-66-NH2 sample. The CO2 adsorption capacity was consistent with the decreasing order of surface area and defects as 3%SL-UiO-66-NH2 > STH-UiO-66-NH2 > 6%SL-UiO-66-NH2. This work provides insight into green synthesis and process optimization for MOF synthesis which is beneficial for industrial applications.
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•Spray Drying is a scalable single-step synthesis and processing technique.•UiO-66-NH2 was prepared by spray drying only.•Effect of process parameters: airflow, temperature, etc. were investigated.•Nucleation and crystallization occurred inside the drying chamber.•CO2 adsorption studies were carried out.
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•A survey of the state-of-the-art process systems engineering (PSE) approaches for process intensification.•An overview of the development of various process intensification ...technologies.•Survey of recent advances in modeling, design, and synthesis of intensified systems.•Assessment methods for the controllability/operability/safety performance of intensified process systems.
Process intensification offers the potential to drastically reduce the energy consumption and cost of producing chemicals from both bulk and distributed feedstocks. This review article aims to offer an extensive survey on state-of-the-art process systems engineering (PSE) approaches for process intensification. From both academic and industrial perspectives, this paper provides an overview of the development of various process intensification technologies, specifically those under the categories of separation, reaction, hybrid reaction/separation, and alternative energy sources. A current status analysis in the areas of modeling and simulation is then provided. An indicative list of PSE publications specialized on process intensification is presented to illustrate the progresses made so far towards the deployment of novel process intensification technologies. We also highlight some recent advances for the modeling, design, and synthesis of intensified systems, as well as for the assessment of their controllability/operability/safety performance. Key open questions in these areas include: (i) how to systematically derive intensified designs, and (ii) how to ensure the operability and optimality of the derived intensified structures while delivering their expected functionality.
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