Recent research indicates that 6- to 9-month-olds understand a number of object words, but the nature of this understanding is unclear. This work examined whether infants restrict these terms to ...individual objects (like proper names) or extend them across multiple objects from a category (like common nouns). Experiment 1 reports evidence that 6-month-olds comprehend the name for their mother (e.g., “Mommy”) as restricted to the individual person. Experiment 2 offers support for the claim that 6- and 9-month-olds understand both a label that is restricted to an individual person (e.g., “Mommy”) and a label that extends to multiple members of an object category (i.e., “hand” or “ball”). Experiment 3 provides evidence that 12- to 15-month-olds comprehend both a word that is restricted to an individual (e.g., “Fido”) and a word that extends to multiple category members (e.g., “dog”) for the same object (i.e., a pet dog). The findings indicate that infants understand both individual- and categorical-scope words early in development, suggesting that neither lexical type represents a privileged starting point in word learning. We propose that cross-situational learning abilities, along with intuitive biases to conceptualize objects from particular semantic classes as either individuals or members of categories, play a role in infants' learning of words of the two lexical types.
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The article analyzes the origin of the nickname Kudkudak. It is carried by one of the supporting characters of Andrzej Sapkowski’s The Witcher saga. The analysis leads to the conclusion that this ...onomatopeic personal name is not an individual neologism of Sapkowski. In various phonetic variants, it occurs in Borderland Polish, from where it found its way into literary texts. Its source is most likely the Ukrainian word kudkudák (кудкудак), which means the voice of a hen, is an imitation of the voice of a hen. Sapkowski›s source of inspiration was either the Polish language of his family on his father›s side or children›s literature, most likely Jan Brzechwa›s poem Kokoszka-smakoszka.
So‐called Neo‐Russellians, such as Salmon, Braun, Crimmins, and Perry, hold that the semantic content of ‘n is F’ in a context c is the singular proposition ⟨o, P⟩, where o is the referent of the ...name n in c, and P is the property expressed by the predicate F in c. This is also known as the Neo‐Russellian theory. Using truth ascriptions with names designating propositions, such as ‘Goldbach's conjecture’, in this paper, I will argue that, together with highly plausible principles regarding a priori knowledge, the Neo‐Russellian theory leads to unacceptable consequences. I will call this ‘the Goldbach puzzle’. Since the solution to the Goldbach puzzle cannot be to reject the discussed principles regarding a priori knowledge, the puzzle will undermine the Neo‐Russellian theory.
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The dossier on biblical anthroponyms in secular contexts offers an in-depth exploration of how biblical names transcend their religious origins to become integral elements of various cultural and ...linguistic landscapes. Through an interdisciplinary approach encompassing onomastics, socio-pragmatics, and cultural studies, the reviewed articles collectively underscore the enduring relevance and adaptability of biblical names. The studies reveal that these names have been integrated into everyday language and cultural practices, reflecting broader sociopolitical and cultural shifts. In Cuba, the persistence and adaptation of names like José, Juan, Pedro, and Rafael highlight their significance in shaping cultural identities amidst historical changes. Similarly, in Algeria and Israel, the phonetic adaptations and symbolic meanings of biblical names illustrate the complex interplay between historical, cultural, and religious influences. The studies on Mexico and Ukraine further emphasize the role of these names as markers of cultural continuity and identity, transcending their original religious connotations. Despite the comprehensive insights provided, several limitations were identified across the reviewed articles. Geographically, many studies focus on specific regions, limiting the generalizability of their findings. Temporally, the narrow scope of some studies based on specific periods may not capture long-term trends. There is a notable gender imbalance with a greater focus on male names, potentially overlooking gender-specific trends. An over-reliance on specific theoretical frameworks and secondary data sources may introduce biases, limiting the consideration of other perspectives. To address these gaps, future research should expand geographic and temporal scopes, ensuring a more comprehensive understanding of naming practices. Diversifying theoretical frameworks and incorporating comparative studies with other cultural contexts will offer broader insights. Detailed phonetic and pragmatic analyses, along with the use of visual aids, will enhance accessibility and richness of findings. Lastly, discussing the broader implications of these findings for other languages and cultural contexts will enhance the relevance and impact of the research. This comprehensive approach will enrich the field of onomastics and contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic interplay between religious heritage and secular adaptation of biblical names.
Korpus OnomOs: principy a příklady aplikací Michal Místecký; Jaroslav David; Jana Davidová Glogarová ...
Časopis pro moderní filologii,
06/2024, Volume:
106, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The study introduces OnomOs, a new corpus of Czech texts with annotation of proper names. The corpus was compiled by onomasticians from the Department of Czech Language, Faculty of Arts, University ...of Ostrava, and made available by the Institute of the Czech National Corpus, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague. The paper briefly discusses the content and structure of the corpus, the selection of texts for inclusion, and the onomastic-geographical classification of the identified names. The text consists chiefly of three preparatory analyses, which focus on the most frequent surnames, collocations found in Western and Eastern countries in the pre-1989 period, and the declension patterns of three types of onyms. In the summary, further possibilities of onomastic corpus research are presented.
This paper presents the description of the pattern of Javanese proper names in Solo, Central Java both traditional and modern. Javanese names in general have their own uniqueness and are very easily ...recognized by the common Indonesian people if we look deeper, it turns out that Javanese names have a pattern like Balinese names. The pattern here is that the first child's name usually begins with the word Eko or Eka; second child Dwi; third Tri; fourth Catur; fifth Panca or Ponco and sixth Sapto or Sapta. With the changing times, this pattern of names is rarely used anymore. Today's child names are heavily influenced by English and Arabic words. This research uses Grounded Research method of qualitative approach, descriptive-analytic type, phenomenological strategy. This activity was carried out in Solo or Surakarta, Central Java. The research took place in January 2023. The population of this research is the people of Solo, Central Java. The sample of this research amounted to 8,842 names in the Solo or Surakarta area. The results of this study indicate that the naming system of proper names in Solo culture, both traditional and modern, has changed. This is viewed from the aspects of modernization, religion, culture, and the situation when the baby is born.
W artykule omówiono strategie egoznimizacyjne zastosowane w odniesieniu do polskich i spolonizowanych nazw geograficznych we francuskich pamiętnikach François Paulina Daleraca. Ustalono, że autor w ...celu przybliżenia egzotycznych nazw francuskiemu odbiorcy wykorzystał z jednej strony szerokie spektrum technik adaptacyjnych (obce cytaty, modyfikacje graficzne, przejmowanie nazw za pomocą języków pośredniczących, zapożyczenia zwrotne, adaptacja morfologiczno-składniowa), z drugiej zaś starał się wiernie odzwierciedlać formy źródłowe (zarówno na płaszczyźnie wymowy, jak i pisowni), stosując rozmaite zabiegi, których rezultatem były naśladujące formy oryginalne egzofony i egzografy (często umieszczane na marginesach lub wyróżniane graficznie), istotne dla pejzażu językowego opisywanych terenów.
This paper is a conceptual supplement sui generis, the aim of which is to present a modified treatment of proper names and deproprial expressions in the
(ADCC). The focus of the study is both a ...reflection on the past and current lexicographical practice and a discussion of the key issues related to the treatment of the respective lexical subsystem in the dictionary. First, we summarize the basic facts concerning the lexicographic processing of proprial and deproprial lexical units in the field of explanatory lexicography. Second, we provide some more general information about the ADCC and, most importantly, about the macrostructure and microstructure of the dictionary in reference to the topic of the present study. We focus on the inclusion of proprial and deproprial entries in the ADCC and the specific treatment of proper names contained in phrasemes. Special attention is paid to the microstructure of proprial and deproprial entries, as well.
A main selling point of predicativism is that, in addition to accounting for predicative uses of proper names, it can successfully account for their referential uses while treating them as ...predicates, thus providing a uniform semantics for proper names. The strategy is to postulate an unpronounced determiner that is realised with names when they appear to function as singular terms, making them effectively a concealed determiner phrase. I argue against the thesis that names are really predicates in referential uses. I discuss four different environments where names do not behave like the determiner phrases that are thought to embed them.
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•Paragon and Antonomasia are analyzed in detail as independent figures.•Both figures share identical constructional devices, i.e., (proper) names.•The two figures differ in the quality and function ...of their respective conceptual frames.•Both figures are frequently occurring mechanisms as opposed to marginal rhetorical devices.
Paragon and antonomasia share identical constructional devices, namely, proper names that participate in an exchange relation with other entities, or proper names that are modified by various constructional devices, such as definite or indefinite articles, of-phrases, determining adjectives, or epithets. The present paper focuses on two main objectives. The first of these is to unveil the conceptual tools required for the expression of paragon and antonomasia, and determine whether or not these two figures are explained exclusively by means of metaphoric and/or metonymic processes, as has been suggested in previous studies. The second objective is to explore the role of constructional devices that account for instances of paragon and antonomasia. In the present study, it is claimed that proper names modified and enriched by constructional devices activate frames which allow for the emergence of intensified and even hyperbolic interpretations. The difference between the two mechanisms lies in the quality and the function of conceptual frames.
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