Monitoring researches of populations of rare species are necessary for assessing the dynamics of their state and developing the measures for preservation of biodiversity. The purpose of this work is ...to estimate the condition of coenotic population of Tilia sibirica Bayer growing in the kernel of its areal. Locations of coenotic population were recorded by geographical coordinates with an additional binding to the next settlement. For the characteristics of habitats, typical geobotanical descriptions with the indication of structure and species composition of the phytocoenosis were performed When studying landings of T. sibirica, the area of coenotic population, the age of trees and their vitality on the trial platforms of100 sq. m. chosen by envelope method were determined. Cut virginile trees were found. In the territory occupied by the Siberian linden coenotic populations of various vital states (equilibrium, prospering and depressive) were discovered. It gives a reason to make the assumption that in case of taking appropriate measures (sanitary cutting down of trees, rational use of the wood received at cutting down of trees) preserving and increasing the number and quality of the condition of linden population is possible.
This book covers the statistical concepts of sampling in agricultural pest management. These can be summarised as how to obtain sample data from the field and how to use the data in decision-making. ...Options may include introducing natural enemies, spraying with pesticide, or adopting a wait-and-see approach. Some prior knowledge of pests and how they interact with crops is required of the reader, but only minimal mathematical background is assumed. Worked examples using the mathematical software program Mathcad are also included.
In article the generalized results of long-term researches of the most harmful diseas- es of peas are presented and measures of protection in connection with feature of technology of culti- vation of ...crop are offered.
New cultivars are released every year to meet market demands. However, in species with a narrow genetic base, such as
Coffea arabica,
the cultivars are closely related and phenotypically similar. ...This hinders the accurate discrimination of genotypes using morphological descriptors in distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) testing, which is required for the registration and protection of new cultivars. In this sense, molecular markers are an auxiliary tool for accurate and precise discrimination of cultivars. This study aimed to verify the informative capacity and effectiveness of a molecular marker set to discriminate among
C. arabica
varieties, create a database of DNA profiles and allele frequencies, analyze the genetic diversity in this collection, and explore genetic kinships. Thirty-four
C. arabica
cultivars/progenies, which belong to the Brazilian Cultivar Trial, were analyzed using 31 microsatellite markers. Markers with weak bands were removed, and of the remaining, 74.07% were polymorphic and revealed 47 alleles. The obtained molecular profiles revealed segregation between and within cultivars/progenies, and genetic variability was observed between all the cultivars/progenies. Sixteen markers were selected for dendrogram construction and for fingerprinting analysis of the cultivars. The ability of these markers to detect varietal mixture and analyze diversity between and within cultivars was also discussed in detail. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of markers in distinguishing related genotypes from those with similar phenotypic traits. This biotechnological tool will assist breeders in DUS testing of cultivars.
Due to anthropogenic impact on vegetation cover, importance of the outphytosozological studies of coniferous plants of the Ukrainian Carpathians is emphasized. Pinus cembra is one of the rare species ...of trees in Europe and its in situ and ex situ conservation in Ukraine is required. At present, P. cembra is under protection in its natural habitats within 25 objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine and 71 objects of artificial plantations (in total of 10 categories). The network of the protected areas consists of two biosphere reserves, one nature reserve, six national nature parks, one regional landscape park, eight reserves (of which five are botanical), 13 botanical nature monuments, seven protected forest parcels, 14 botanical gardens, 16 dendrological parks, and 21 monuments of landscape art. The largest natural plant communities of P. cembra are located in Gorgany Nature Reserve (539 ha). As a result of the inventory studies, the boundaries of its cultivation area in Ukraine were defined. It is obvious that the most widespread cultivation of P. cembra is within the Carpathian Mountains (20 objects). The Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine and the zone of deciduous forests of Ukraine (14 and 16 objects, respectively) provide sufficiently suitable ecological conditions for cultivation of P. cembra. The least number of artificial plantations under protection were found in the Mixed Forest zone (4) and the Steppe zone of Ukraine (6 objects). The largest number of the protected natural forests (16) and artificial plantations (11 objects) was registered in Ivano-Frankivsk Region. Plants aged ca. 250 years were revealed under artificial conditions (in cultivation).
Commission Implementing Regulation 2022/1203/EC added 22 invasive alien species of Union concern (IAS of UC) to the Union List set under EU Regulation (EU) 1143/2014 (IAS Regulation). IAS of UC are ...alien species whose adverse impact has been deemed so severe to require concerted action at Union level. Towards this aim, high-quality and updated data on the new IAS of UC is crucial for their management. This report provides the baseline distribution of 13 IAS of UC out of 22 added to the Union list, which are currently present in the EU territory and to which the IAS Regulation applies. This data constitutes the reference baseline at European level. 18 EU Member States (MS) Competent Authorities contributed to the definition of the baseline by revising and supplementing spatial data harvested from the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN). In addition to the species spatial distribution for each IAS of UC, the report contains information on the taxonomic group, origin, first introduction in the EU, main pathway of introduction in the EU, habitat, and ecosystems impact. To this end, the pressure caused by the 13 IAS of UC on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems across the EU is assessed in this report. Results show that 77% of these IAS of UC are from the Kingdom Animalia and the Infraclass Teleostei (31%). 50% of freshwater and terrestrial IAS of UC were introduced in Europe through the primary pathway "Escape from confinement" and 20% by intentional introductions: "Biological control" (10 %) or "Other intentional release" (10%). The distribution of the 13 species subject of the baseline shows their highest number of established occurrences in France and Spain, i.e., 8 and 7 respectively, and the lowest in Denmark, Luxemburg, Sweden and Slovakia. Six species are more frequent across EU: Ameiurus melas, Gambusia holbrooki, Koenigia polystachya, and Gambusia affinis. Croplands ecosystems show the highest percentage of invaded area and the highest average of cumulative pressure by IAS of UC, suggesting negative impacts on agroecosystems. On the opposite side, the lowest pressure is recorded in grassland areas. This baseline will support MS in the implementation of the IAS Regulation. It will help adapting the surveillance and monitoring systems and is an essential reference to the application of "Early detection Notifications" and will also support the review of the IAS Regulation. In addition, this data is key for fostering MS cooperation and coordination across borders or within shared biogeographical regions.
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