Unique features of nanofibers provide enormous potential in the field of biomedical and healthcare applications. Many studies have proven the extreme potential of nanofibers in front of current ...challenges in the medical and healthcare field. This review highlights the nanofiber technologies, unique properties, fabrication techniques (i.e., physical, chemical, and biological methods), and emerging applications in biomedical and healthcare fields. It summarizes the recent researches on nanofibers for drug delivery systems and controlled drug release, tissue‐engineered scaffolds, dressings for wound healing, biosensors, biomedical devices, medical implants, skin care, as well as air, water, and blood purification systems. Attention is given to different types of fibers (e.g., mesoporous, hollow, core‐shell nanofibers) fabricated from various materials and their potential biomedical applications.
Unique features of nanofibers provide enormous potential in the field of biomedical and healthcare applications. This review highlights the nanofiber technologies, unique properties, fabrication techniques, and emerging applications in drug delivery systems, tissue‐engineered scaffolds, dressings for wound healing, biosensors, biomedical devices, medical implants, skin care, as well as air, water, and blood purification systems.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A vast array of colorants obtained from natural sources such as plants, insects/animals and microbes have been scrutinized in recent past for their use in different kinds of applications. Research ...into new natural dyes sources along with eco-friendly, robust and cost-effective technologies for their processing and application have greatly aided in widening the scope of natural dyes in various traditional and advanced application disciplines. This review encompasses a summary of research performed in last 15 years (1998–2013) in different arenas of applications of natural dyes, with specific reference to technological development in natural textile dyeing and use of natural dyes in functional finishing of textiles, food coloration and dye-sensitized solar cells. In addition, some newly discovered applications of natural dyes have also been discussed.
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•Many different kinds of applications of natural dyes are under active study.•Reports technological developments in natural textile dyeing and finishing.•Natural dye-sensitized solar cells have been critically discussed.•Special attention has been given to recent developments in natural food colorants.•Some newly discovered applications of natural dyes have also been highlighted.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The outbreak of COVID-19 provided a warning sign for society worldwide: that is, we urgently need to explore effective strategies for combating unpredictable viral pandemics. Protective textiles such ...as surgery masks have played an important role in the mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic, while revealing serious challenges in terms of supply, cross-infection risk, and environmental pollution. In this context, textiles with an antivirus functionality have attracted increasing attention, and many innovative proposals with exciting commercial possibilities have been reported over the past three years. In this review, we illustrate the progress of textile filtration for pandemics and summarize the recent development of antiviral textiles for personal protective purposes by cataloging them into three classes: metal-based, carbon-based, and polymer-based materials. We focused on the preparation routes of emerging antiviral textiles, providing a forward-looking perspective on their opportunities and challenges, to evaluate their efficacy, scale up their manufacturing processes, and expand their high-volume applications. Based on this review, we conclude that ideal antiviral textiles are characterized by a high filtration efficiency, reliable antiviral effect, long storage life, and recyclability. The expected manufacturing processes should be economically feasible, scalable, and quickly responsive.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Harmful portion of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the significant physical carcinogen in our natural environment. The damage caused by UV exposure to our body is cumulative and builds up over ...the years. UV protective textiles have been used to protect the wearer from harmful UV radiation. UV blocking effect of textile depends on various parameters viz. fiber type, yarn structure, weave, fabric construction factor, finishes, dyes etc. Further, UV protective property of textiles can be improved by incorporating UV blocking agent in the textile matrix. Several nanomaterial possesses excellent UV blocking effect and these could be incorporated into the textile matrix to improve the UV blocking properties of textiles. In this review, author discuss the various conventional ways to impart UV blocking property to the textile materials. Author also survey the current state-of-the-art of nanomaterials based UV protective textiles, mechanism of UV blocking properties of various nanomaterials, provide an overview of UV protective fabric manufacturing techniques and also discuss the durability of nanomaterials treated UV protective textiles. Finally, the manuscript has been concluded with few major challenges for the development of UV protective textiles by using nanomaterials.
Man‐made superhydrophobic membranes are of interest for various applications in energy, environment, and medical fields. However, simultaneously achieving durable superhydrophobicity, robust ...waterproofness, and high breathability of the membranes is still challenging. Herein, an efficient and powerful strategy is reported to create superhydrophobic membranes with perdurable liquid repellency and robust breathability via combining humidity‐induced electrospinning with coat‐crosslinking technology. The micro/nano rough structure is in situ constructed based on manipulating the phase separation of electrospun jets; meanwhile, the waterborne acrylic resins are bridged to the surface of nanofiber to endow the membranes with stable low surface energy via coating and crosslinking treatment. Eventually, the resultant membranes present superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of ≈154°, good self‐cleaning and anti‐icing properties, robust waterproofness of 83.4 kPa, and high breathability of 3.71 kg m−2 d−1. More interestingly, the nanomaterials can maintain durable superhydrophobicity even after exposure to various severe conditions. The successful creation of high‐performance superhydrophobic membranes opens a new avenue for synthesizing advanced functional materials for application in a variety of fields.
An efficient and powerful strategy is reported to create durable superhydrophobic nanofibrous membranes with micro/nano hierarchical rough structures and low‐energy surfaces via combining humidity‐induced electrospinning with coat‐crosslinking technology. The resultant membranes present superhydrophobicity with water contact angle of ≈154°, good self‐cleaning and anti‐icing properties, robust waterproofness of 83.4 kPa, and high breathability of 3.71 kg m−2 d−1.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Impact resistant and force-sensitive yarns are the crucial components of intelligent wearable protective textiles. However, it is still a challenge to combine liquid impact resistant materials with ...yarns. In this paper, shear-thickened fluid (STF) based hierarchical wrapping core-spun yarns were produced by liquid flow spinning for the impact resistance and intelligent monitoring, which exhibited multi-superiority of protectivity, sensitivity, flexibility, breathability and washability. In terms of protection, STF fabric (STFF) performed improved impact resistance and energy absorption capacity, absorbing 73.5 % of the applied force. Numerically simulation analysis indicated that energy dissipation mechanism of STFF could be ascribed to the combination of the yarn surface deformation and STF core shear thickening of STF yarn (STFY). The STFF was still skin-friendly without breakage and leakage after 10,000 times cyclic friction. Its air permeability was up to 189 mm/s. Moreover, a STFF-based TENG was constructed by weaving with Kevlar yarn, which showed self-powered sensing ability to recognize impact force with great durability over 10,000 cycles. For energy harvesting, the fabric exhibits excellent triboelectric performance of 22 V open-circuit voltage (VOC), 225 nA short-circuit current (ISC), and 30 nC short-circuit transferred charge (QSC). In addition, STF-based TENG fabric enables the sensing of various forces, frequencies and different contact materials. Finally, the early warning, protection, motion monitoring and energy harvesting of STFF for intelligent protective applications were demonstrated, opening new avenues for the sensing function integration of protective textiles.
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•A highly impact-resistant shear-thickened fluid (STF) composite yarn is produced on a large scale by liquid flow spinning.•The proposed yarn has a core sheath hierarchical structure with excellent flexibility, breathability and washability.•STF yarn and the fabrics were demonstrated as impact sensors, energy harvesters and safety monitors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Lead aprons are widely used in medical imaging to protect radiographers and patients from harmful radiation. However, lead is not a desirable material for use in wearable radiation protection due to ...its heavy weight, inflexibility, poor durability, and toxicity. In this study, we explored the suitability of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) coating for textiles as an alternative to lead. The intention was to demonstrate the concept and technology that will achieve a lead-equivalent lightweight X-ray protective textile material with improved wearability. The primary objective was to evaluate the X-ray shielding efficiency of two textile materials coated with Bi2O3. To do so, X-ray exposures were made at the system setting of 80 kVp, 12 mAs, and 80 SID (the distance from the X-ray beam source to the specimen). It is evident from this study that Bi2O3 in a suitable resin matrix can be coated on fabrics and is an effective method to produce flexible, wearable, and lead-free aprons. Coated polyester fabrics with over 50% Bi2O3 showed enhanced shielding ability for transmitted X-rays. This research has shown that microparticle size Bi2O3 can be effective for X-ray attenuation.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The COVID-19 pandemic has clearly shown the importance of developing advanced protective equipment, and new antiviral fabrics for the protection and prevention of life-threatening viral diseases are ...needed. In this study, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were combined with polyester fabrics using printing technique to obtain multifunctional properties, including combined antiviral and antibacterial activities as well as coloring. The properties of the printed polyester fabrics with SeNPs were estimated, including tensile strength and color fastness. Characterization of the SeNPs was carried out using TEM and SEM. The results of the analysis showed good uniformity and stability of the particles with sizes range from 40-60 nm and 40-80 nm for SeNPs 25 mM and 50 mM, respectively, as well as uniform coating of the SeNPs on the fabric. In addition, the SeNPs-printed polyester fabric exhibited high disinfection activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with an inhibition percentage of 87.5%. Moreover, a toxicity test of the resulting printed fabric revealed low cytotoxicity against the HFB4 cell line. In contrast, the treated fabric under study showed excellent killing potentiality against Gram-positive bacteria (
) and Gram-negative bacteria (
). This multifunctional fabric has high potential for use in protective clothing applications by providing passive and active protection pathways.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Increasing levels of textile waste have become a matter of great concern for the environment and the circular economy movement. Synthetic or man-made fibers are not decomposed in landfills and also ...generate toxic gases if incinerated. Waste of high-performance fibers has enormous potential to be used in the development of technical products. In this study, carding waste of para-aramid fibers was blended with virgin polyester fibers to produce needle punched nonwoven felts to be used in the development of protective gloves. Nonwoven webs of different blend ratios and three different weights (GSM) (100, 150, 200 g/m2) were produced. The nonwoven webs were then quilted with knitted polyester fabric to produce gloves. Cut resistance, abrasion resistance, tear resistance and heat resistance of the felts increased with the increase in GSM (g/m2). Particularly at lower GSM, an increasing percentage of aramid fibers showed significant enhancement in cut resistance. The nonwoven felts comprising aramid/polyester blends of 75/25 and 60/40 yielded level 3 cut resistance at 100 GSM which reduced to level 2 with a further decrease in aramid fiber content. The abrasion resistance and tear resistance of the gloves were at level 3 to 4 and showed little dependence on blend ratio but were relatively higher at higher GSM. At 100 GSM, the felts exhibited heat resistance level 1 which increased to level 2 at 200 GSM. The findings of this study suggest that waste of high-performance fibers can be used as cost control and environmentally friendly strategy in the development of protective textiles.
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