The goal of the study was a determination of the difference between established psychological features of the males who exercise in gyms and those who do not. The research was conducted during 2016, ...and the sample consisted of exercisers (109 respondents), as well as non-exercisers (96 respondents). Respondents who exercise show more pronounced extraversion, neuroticism, aggression, openness, positive valence, negative valence, conscientiousness, self-confidence, dysmorphia in relation to the non-exercisers. Exercise can become a physical and mental problem if someone exercises extremely. This study explained the personality of the exercisers with special emphasis on the difference between exercisers and non-exercisers in some psychological characteristics.
Background and aims: Noise has many psychological effects. Although different studies have so far focused on various psychological effects, they have not evaluated communication skills and cognitive ...triad. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of noise exposure and noise annoyance on communication skills and cognitive triad. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 workers in 2021. The equivalent sound level (LeqA) was determined using dosimetry. Based on LeqA, noise exposure was divided into permissible and impermissible types. Noise annoyance was measured by the numerical rating scale recommended by ISO/TS 15666:2003. The Communication Skills Questionnaire and Cognitive Triad Inventory were used for data collection. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 24 using an independent samples t test and Spearman correlation test. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of workers was equal to 33.87 (±5.95) years. The results of the correlation test showed a positive and significant relationship between LeqA and noise annoyance (P<0.001, r=0.82). Based on the results of the independent samples t test, there was no significant difference in the scores of communication skills (P=0.11) and cognitive triad (P=0.93) in the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, a positive and significant relationship was found between noise exposure and noise annoyance. In addition, communication and cognitive skills were not significantly different in the two study groups. To accurately determine the relationships of variables, it is recommended to conduct similar studies with larger sample sizes while considering variables such as personality traits and social intelligence.
Football is the most popular sport in Indonesia and involves thousands of players and millions of spectators. As the sport continues to grow, it demands an accelerated development of players and ...adjustments to their needs. However, the Indonesian Football Association (PSSI) has created a curriculum that only focuses on the physical, tactical, and technical aspects, ignoring the psychological aspect. This study aimed to investigate the role of psychology in the development of football players in Indonesia, focusing on the weaknesses of the current curriculum. The study was concentrated on the development and psychological characteristics that soccer players under 17 years of age require to maintain their performance into adulthood. The study used a grounded theory approach and semi-structured open questions in data collection. The sample included youth player-coaches with a minimum of 5 years of experience, as well as football players under the age of 17. These players typically begin practicing football at the age of 6 and continue until they reach 17 years old in Indonesia. The results of this study can be a reference for the PSSI and football coaches in Indonesia to create a comprehensive training program that includes physical, technical, tactical, and psychological aspects, enabling them to develop successful football players in the future.
Este estudio se enfocó en analizar la relación entre las características psicológicas deportivas y las dimensiones de la resiliencia en un grupo de 200 surfistas de Lima y Callao mediante una ...investigación de corte transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo y diseño correlacional. Se utilizaron el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva (IPED) y la Escala de Resiliencia en el Contexto Deportivo (ERCD) para recopilar datos. Los resultados revelaron correlaciones significativas y positivas entre las dimensiones autoconfianza, control visuo-imaginativo, nivel motivacional, control de afrontamiento positivo y control actitudinal con un efecto moderado de .32, .35 y .39 respectivamente. Además, para el control visuo-imaginativo y nivel motivacional sus criterios de magnitud fueron bajos con un .28 y .27 respectivamente, lo que respalda los objetivos planteados. Asimismo, en el análisis de la dimensión de competencia personal de resiliencia muestran un efecto alto con un .89. Finalmente, se encontró una correlación inversa (-.22) entre la dimensión de afrontamiento negativo del IPED y la resiliencia, lo que indica que un mayor afrontamiento negativo está relacionado con una menor resiliencia en los surfistas. Este estudio proporciona información para la comprensión de los factores psicológicos que pueden influir en el desempeño y bienestar emocional de los surfistas. Palabras clave: surfistas, ejecución deportiva, resiliencia, motivación, autoconfianza, características psicológicas. Abstract. This study focused on analyzing the relationship between the psychological characteristics of sports and dimensions of resilience in a group of 200 surfers from Lima and Callao through a cross-sectional investigation with a quantitative approach and correlational design. The Psychological Inventory of Sport Performance (IPED) and the Scale of Resilience in the Sport Context (ERCD) were used to collect data. The results revealed significant and positive correlations between the dimensions of self-confidence, visuo-imaginative control, motivational level, positive coping control, and attitudinal control with a high effect of .32, .35, and .39, respectively. In addition, for the visuo-imaginative control and motivational level, their magnitude criteria were low with .28 and .27 respectively, which supports the hypotheses proposed. Likewise, in the analysis of the personal competence dimension of resilience, they show a high effect with a .89. Finally, an inverse correlation (-.22) was found between the negative coping dimension of the IPED and resilience, indicating that greater negative coping is related to less resilience in surfers. This study provides valuable information for understanding the psychological factors that can influence the performance and emotional well-being of surfers. Keywords: surfers, sports performance, resilience, motivation, self-confidence, psychological characteristics.
The real-world experiences of young athletes follow a non-linear and dynamic trajectory and there is growing recognition that facing and overcoming a degree of challenge is desirable for aspiring ...elites and as such, should be recognized and employed. However, there are some misunderstandings of this "talent needs trauma" perspective with some research focusing excessively or incorrectly on the incidence of life and sport challenge as a feature of effective talent development. The objective of the study was to examine what factors associated with such "trauma" experiences may or may not discriminate between high, medium, and low achievers in sport, classified as super-champions, champions or almosts. A series of retrospective interviews were used with matched triads (i.e., super-champions, champions, or almosts) of performers (N = 54) from different sports. Data collection was organized in three phases. In the first phase, a graphic time line of each performer's career was developed. The second phase explored the specific issues highlighted by each participant in a chronological sequence. The third phase was a retrospective reflection on "traumatic" motivators, coach/significant other inputs and psychological challenges experienced and skills employed. Data suggested qualitative differences between categories of performers, relating to several perceptual and experiential features of their development. No evidence was found for the necessity of major trauma as a feature of development. There was a lack of discrimination across categories of performers associated with the incidence of trauma and, more particularly, life or non-sport trauma. These findings suggest that differences between levels of adult achievement relate more to what performers bring to the challenges than what they experience. A periodized and progressive set of challenge, preceded and associated with specific skill development, would seem to offer the best pathway to success for the majority.
Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain ...disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.
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As a personality trait, ‘grit’ has been defined as a combination of perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Past research in social psychology has found grit as an important predictor of ...success across different populations in various academic and non-academic areas. Since successful mastery of a second language (L2) is highly dependent on learners’ sustained effort, the notion of grit and its relationship to language achievement gains immediate relevance in second language acquisition (SLA). The present study introduces the notion of grit and examines its relationship with motivational behaviors and language achievement in a sample of English as a foreign language learners (n = 191). Toward these ends, a language-specific grit scale was developed and validated to measure L2 learners’ grit. L2 grit was found to be positively related to students’ language learning motivation and achievement above and beyond domain-general grit. Taken together, and consistent with results of past research in social psychology, we propose that L2 grit be considered among other more established individual differences associated with L2 development.
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Background: Psychology has a special place in marketing studies. Reputation, identity and image of the brand are the main psychological characteristics of brands that have a significant impact on ...pleasurable shopping and create loyalty and attachment in customers. However, there is a research gap regarding the impact of the important variables of psychological characteristics of brands and customer Delight in the purchase process. Aims: The main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the psychological characteristics of the brand on the customer Delight in the purchase process. Methods: Based on the purpose, this research is an applied research and based on the nature of the method, it is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research included customers of chain stores in Ilam province in 1400. For sample selection, 384 people were selected using the table of Karjisi and Morgan (1970) and based on the simple random sampling method. The tool of this research is a standard questionnaire in the field of research variables. Francioni et al.'s questionnaire (2021) was used to measure the brand's psychological characteristics variable, and Azouji and Azadenia's questionnaire (2016) was used to measure the customer Delight variable. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by expert professors, and their reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Structural equations and Lisrel software were also used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the psychological characteristics of the brand have a significant effect on the customer Delight when shopping, at a significance level of 95%. Brand reputation, brand identity, and brand image have a significant effect on customer Delight when shopping at a significance level of 95%. Conclusion: When shopping, customers pay attention to the psychological characteristics of brands, and if they have a proper understanding of these characteristics, their level of satisfaction with the purchase increases, and they become excited and happy. By planning and strengthening their psychological characteristics, brands affect customer satisfaction and increase the probability of repeat purchases and increase the volume of customers' purchases.
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Cultural practices socialize people to relate to others in different ways. One critical
way in which these interpersonal bonds are formed and maintained is via empathy, our
emotional reactivity ...toward others’ experiences. However, the extent to which individuals
from different cultures vary in their dispositional empathy, and the correlates of these
differences, are relatively unknown. Thus, the current study explored cultural variation
in empathy, and how this variation is related to psychological characteristics and
prosocial behavior across cultures. Evidence from an original sample of 104,365 adults
across 63 countries reveals that higher empathy countries also have higher levels of
collectivism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, self-esteem, emotionality, subjective
well-being, and prosocial behavior. These findings reveal that empathy is situated within
a broader nomological network of other psychological characteristics, emotional expression
and experiences, and prosocial behavior across cultures. The current study expands our
understanding about how psychological characteristics vary across cultures and how these
characteristics can manifest in broader national indicators of prosocial behavior.
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Psychological resilience is important in sport because athletes must utilise and optimise a range of mental qualities to withstand the pressures that they experience. In this article, we discuss ...psychological resilience in sport performers via a review of the stressors athletes encounter and the protective factors that help them withstand these demands. It is hoped that synthesising what is known in these areas will help researchers gain a deeper profundity of resilience in sport, and also provide a rigorous and robust foundation for the development of a sport-specific measure of resilience. With these points in mind, we divided the narrative into two main sections. In the first section, we review the different types of stressors encountered by sport performers under three main categories: competitive, organisational and personal. Based on our recent research examining psychological resilience in Olympics champions, in the second section we discuss the five main families of psychological factors (viz. positive personality, motivation, confidence, focus, perceived social support) that protect the best athletes from the potential negative effect of stressors. It is anticipated that this review will help sport psychology researchers examine the interplay between stressors and protective factors, which will, in turn, focus the analytical lens on the processes underlying psychological resilience in athletes.
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