Homelessness creates a significant social and economic burden in the society. Homelessness and mental illness are two interconnected social issues that poses challenges to individuals and communities ...across the globe. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing literature on interventions for the homeless persons with mental illness.
To systematically review the existing literature on psychosocial interventions for homeless persons with mental illness.
Five databases including PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, OVID, and Google Scholar were searched using homelessness, psychosocial interventions, mental ill, residential mental health facility, and case management for experimental studies published from January 2000 to December 2022.
Abstract review was conducted for the screened studies, and full-text review was done for studies which met inclusion exclusion criteria.
Among the 6,387 studies screened 20 studies were selected which fulfilled inclusion criteria. The full text review yielded data of 12,174 homeless persons with mental illness who undergone intervention.
The major psychosocial interventions found including critical time intervention, case management, housing support intervention, assertive community treatment, and life skills training. These interventions were helpful in sustaining housing stability, preventing relapse, reducing hospitalizations, and improving quality of life of the homeless persons with mental illness.
Targeted and integrated interventions addressing homelessness and mental illness are required to tackle the social problems of homelessness and mental illness. Further research is required to explore the most effective strategies that address homelessness and mental illness.
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Introduction: Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) is a supportive-expressive psychotherapy designed to address such barriers and to facilitate communication of mortality-related concerns ...in patients facing advanced disease and their primary caregivers. The study was meant to review the benefits of the CALM psychotherapy on patients with advanced or metastatic cancer and caregivers. Methods: This study was done through a systematic review with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. It broadly used Scopus, Science Direct, and ProQuest database. The search utilized the Boolean phrases “cancer”, “living meaningfully”, and “psychotherapy” throughout the title, abstract, or keywords. The consideration criteria in the literature study were: an original article, the source from journals, article in English, and available in full text. We obtained 97 articles, and 11 were considered relevant for this systematic review.Results: The findings from the results of this study are that CALM has several psychological benefits for patients with advanced cancer, including: can reduce anxiety and depression, relieve distress, promote psychological growth and well-being, and improve quality of life. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the CALM psychotherapy has many benefits for patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers and can be used as additional therapy to improve the quality of life to face the end-of-life.Conclusion: CALM may be a feasible intervention to benefit patients with advanced cancer. It may help them overcome obstacles in communication and alleviate death-related distress.
Introduction: Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) is a supportive-expressive psychotherapy designed to address such barriers and to facilitate communication of mortality-related concerns ...in patients facing advanced disease and their primary caregivers. The study was meant to review the benefits of the CALM psychotherapy on patients with advanced or metastatic cancer and caregivers. Methods: This study was done through a systematic review with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. It broadly used Scopus, Science Direct, and ProQuest database. The search utilized the Boolean phrases “cancer”, “living meaningfully”, and “psychotherapy” throughout the title, abstract, or keywords. The consideration criteria in the literature study were: an original article, the source from journals, article in English, and available in full text. We obtained 97 articles, and 11 were considered relevant for this systematic review. Results: The findings from the results of this study are that CALM has several psychological benefits for patients with advanced cancer, including: can reduce anxiety and depression, relieve distress, promote psychological growth and well-being, and improve quality of life. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the CALM psychotherapy has many benefits for patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers and can be used as additional therapy to improve the quality of life to face the end-of-life. Conclusion: CALM may be a feasible intervention to benefit patients with advanced cancer. It may help them overcome obstacles in communication and alleviate death-related distress.
Background
Excessive alcohol use contributes significantly to physical and psychological illness, injury and death, and a wide array of social harm in all age groups. A proven strategy for reducing ...excessive alcohol consumption levels is to offer a brief conversation‐based intervention in primary care settings, but more recent technological innovations have enabled people to interact directly via computer, mobile device or smartphone with digital interventions designed to address problem alcohol consumption.
Objectives
To assess the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of digital interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption, alcohol‐related problems, or both, in people living in the community, specifically: (i) Are digital interventions more effective and cost‐effective than no intervention (or minimal input) controls? (ii) Are digital interventions at least equally effective as face‐to‐face brief alcohol interventions? (iii) What are the effective component behaviour change techniques (BCTs) of such interventions and their mechanisms of action? (iv) What theories or models have been used in the development and/or evaluation of the intervention? Secondary objectives were (i) to assess whether outcomes differ between trials where the digital intervention targets participants attending health, social care, education or other community‐based settings and those where it is offered remotely via the internet or mobile phone platforms; (ii) to specify interventions according to their mode of delivery (e.g. functionality features) and assess the impact of mode of delivery on outcomes.
Search methods
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, HTA and Web of Knowledge databases; ClinicalTrials.com and WHO ICTRP trials registers and relevant websites to April 2017. We also checked the reference lists of included trials and relevant systematic reviews.
Selection criteria
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of digital interventions compared with no intervention or with face‐to‐face interventions for reducing hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in people living in the community and reported a measure of alcohol consumption.
Data collection and analysis
We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration.
Main results
We included 57 studies which randomised a total of 34,390 participants. The main sources of bias were from attrition and participant blinding (36% and 21% of studies respectively, high risk of bias). Forty one studies (42 comparisons, 19,241 participants) provided data for the primary meta‐analysis, which demonstrated that participants using a digital intervention drank approximately 23 g alcohol weekly (95% CI 15 to 30) (about 3 UK units) less than participants who received no or minimal interventions at end of follow up (moderate‐quality evidence).
Fifteen studies (16 comparisons, 10,862 participants) demonstrated that participants who engaged with digital interventions had less than one drinking day per month fewer than no intervention controls (moderate‐quality evidence), 15 studies (3587 participants) showed about one binge drinking session less per month in the intervention group compared to no intervention controls (moderate‐quality evidence), and in 15 studies (9791 participants) intervention participants drank one unit per occasion less than no intervention control participants (moderate‐quality evidence).
Only five small studies (390 participants) compared digital and face‐to‐face interventions. There was no difference in alcohol consumption at end of follow up (MD 0.52 g/week, 95% CI ‐24.59 to 25.63; low‐quality evidence). Thus, digital alcohol interventions produced broadly similar outcomes in these studies. No studies reported whether any adverse effects resulted from the interventions.
A median of nine BCTs were used in experimental arms (range = 1 to 22). 'B' is an estimate of effect (MD in quantity of drinking, expressed in g/week) per unit increase in the BCT, and is a way to report whether individual BCTs are linked to the effect of the intervention. The BCTs of goal setting (B ‐43.94, 95% CI ‐78.59 to ‐9.30), problem solving (B ‐48.03, 95% CI ‐77.79 to ‐18.27), information about antecedents (B ‐74.20, 95% CI ‐117.72 to ‐30.68), behaviour substitution (B ‐123.71, 95% CI ‐184.63 to ‐62.80) and credible source (B ‐39.89, 95% CI ‐72.66 to ‐7.11) were significantly associated with reduced alcohol consumption in unadjusted models. In a multivariable model that included BCTs with B > 23 in the unadjusted model, the BCTs of behaviour substitution (B ‐95.12, 95% CI ‐162.90 to ‐27.34), problem solving (B ‐45.92, 95% CI ‐90.97 to ‐0.87), and credible source (B ‐32.09, 95% CI ‐60.64 to ‐3.55) were associated with reduced alcohol consumption.
The most frequently mentioned theories or models in the included studies were Motivational Interviewing Theory (7/20), Transtheoretical Model (6/20) and Social Norms Theory (6/20). Over half of the interventions (n = 21, 51%) made no mention of theory. Only two studies used theory to select participants or tailor the intervention. There was no evidence of an association between reporting theory use and intervention effectiveness.
Authors' conclusions
There is moderate‐quality evidence that digital interventions may lower alcohol consumption, with an average reduction of up to three (UK) standard drinks per week compared to control participants. Substantial heterogeneity and risk of performance and publication bias may mean the reduction was lower. Low‐quality evidence from fewer studies suggested there may be little or no difference in impact on alcohol consumption between digital and face‐to‐face interventions.
The BCTs of behaviour substitution, problem solving and credible source were associated with the effectiveness of digital interventions to reduce alcohol consumption and warrant further investigation in an experimental context.
Reporting of theory use was very limited and often unclear when present. Over half of the interventions made no reference to any theories. Limited reporting of theory use was unrelated to heterogeneity in intervention effectiveness.
Despite the recent explosion of behavioral health interventions delivered on mobile devices, little is known about factors that make such applications practical, engaging and useful to their target ...audience. This study reports on the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a prototype of a novel, interactive mobile psychosocial intervention to reduce problematic drug use among clients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). A mixed-methods pilot study with new MMT clients (n = 25) indicated that the mobile intervention approach was feasible, and that participants found the intervention highly acceptable and useful. On 100-point visual analog scale (VAS) items, participants reported high levels of liking the program (M = 75.6), and endorsed it as useful (M = 77.5), easy to use (M = 80.7), and containing a significant amount of new information (M = 74.8). When compared with 25 study participants who received standard MMT alone, pilot participants rated their treatment significantly higher in interestingness and usefulness, and were significantly more satisfied with their treatment. In qualitative interviews, participants reported using the mobile intervention in a range of settings, including during times of heightened risk for substance use, and finding it helpful in managing drug cravings. Additionally, pilot participants showed evidence of increased treatment retention and abstinence from illicit opioids (in terms of effect size) over a 3-month period relative to those in standard MMT, suggesting the application's potential to enhance treatment outcomes. These promising findings suggest that an evidence-based mobile therapeutic tool addressing substance use may appeal to drug treatment clients and have clinical utility as an adjunct to formal treatment.
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Self-management is intended to empower individuals in their recovery by providing the skills and confidence they need to take active steps in recognising and managing their own health problems. ...Evidence supports such interventions in a range of long-term physical health conditions, but a recent systematic synthesis is not available for people with severe mental health problems.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of self-management interventions for adults with severe mental illness (SMI).
A systematic review of randomised controlled trials was conducted. A meta-analysis of symptomatic, relapse, recovery, functioning and quality of life outcomes was conducted, using RevMan.
A total of 37 trials were included with 5790 participants. From the meta-analysis, self-management interventions conferred benefits in terms of reducing symptoms and length of admission, and improving functioning and quality of life both at the end of treatment and at follow-up. Overall the effect size was small to medium. The evidence for self-management interventions on readmissions was mixed. However, self-management did have a significant effect compared with control on subjective measures of recovery such as hope and empowerment at follow-up, and self-rated recovery and self-efficacy at both time points.
There is evidence that the provision of self-management interventions alongside standard care improves outcomes for people with SMI. Self-management interventions should form part of the standard package of care provided to people with SMI and should be prioritised in guidelines: research on best methods of implementing such interventions in routine practice is needed.Declaration of interestsNone.
William E. Pelham Jr. (1948-2023) Evans, Steven W; Fabiano, Gregory A; Pelham, William E
The American psychologist,
2024-Mar-04, 2024-03-04, 20240304
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
William ("Bill") E. Pelham Jr. was a renowned clinical child psychologist who specialized in the assessment and treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Bill was ...born in 1948 in Atlanta, Georgia, to William E. Pelham Sr. and Kittie Copeland Kay, the eldest of four brothers. Bill is most well-known for the development, study, and advocacy of psychosocial treatments for children with ADHD. While at Florida State University in the 1980s, he developed a comprehensive summer treatment program designed to improve family and classroom functioning, strengthen peer relationships, and boost academic achievement. Bill built the case for the behavioral treatment of ADHD over nearly 50 years of programmatic research. Bill was a leader in the field of clinical child psychology. Bill passed away on October 21, 2023, after a brief illness. He is survived by his wife of 33 years Maureen, son William E. Pelham III, and daughter Caroline. His legacy will live on in their work to support children with ADHD and their families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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•Dealing with breast cancer can be extremely stressful.•Women are at greater risk to develop depression in response to stressful situations.•Stress-related neuro-immuno-endocrine mechanisms ...contribute to changes in the pathophysiology of cancer.•Stress management is able to buffer the deleterious effect of chronic stress in breast cancer.•Psychosocial interventions reducing stress should complement cancer care.
Breast cancer diagnosis, surgery, adjuvant therapies and survivorship can all be extremely stressful. In women, concerns about body image are common as a result of the disease and can affect interpersonal relationships, possibly leading to social isolation, increasing the likelihood for mood disorders. This is particularly relevant as women are at greater risk to develop anxiety and depressive symptoms in response to highly stressful situations. Here we address the mechanisms and the pathways activated as a result of stress and contributing to changes in the pathophysiology of breast cancer, as well as the potential of stress management factors and interventions in buffering the deleterious effects of chronic stress in a gender perspective. An improved understanding of the biological mechanisms linking stress-management resources to health-relevant biological processes in breast cancer patients could reveal novel therapeutic targets and help clarifying which psychosocial interventions can improve cancer outcomes, ultimately offering a unique opportunity to improve contemporary cancer treatments.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Abstract Background Self-stigma among people who have tuberculosis (TB) can contribute to non-adherence to medication and disengagement from care. It can manifest in feelings of worthlessness, shame, ...and guilt, leading to social withdrawal and disengagement from life opportunities. Self-stigma may also affect families of those who have TB, or healthcare workers who treat them. However, few interventions addressing TB self-stigma exist to date. Methods We piloted the delivery of a toolkit of psychosocial interventions using a “training-of-trainers” approach with six staff members of a TB-focused NGO (Non-Governmental Organisation) and partner organisations in Jakarta, Indonesia. These trainers could then disseminate the toolkit among community partner organisations. Local staff involvement throughout the study supported translation and adaptation to enhance cultural and language appropriateness. Over a 2-day training-of-trainers workshop, the NGO staff were familiarised with the mode of delivery of the toolkit, which they then delivered via a four-day participatory workshop with 22 people who have TB/TB survivors, who were representatives of partner organisations working among communities affected by TB. Results The newly-trained local facilitators delivered the toolkit to the participants, who self-reported significant increases in knowledge and efficacy around TB self-stigma post-intervention compared to baseline ( Z = 1.991, p = 0.047, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The participants’ levels of self-compassion were also significantly higher post-workshop ( Z = 2.096, p = 0.036, Wilcoxon signed-rank test); however, these effects were not maintained at 3-month timepoint. There was also a significant increase post-workshop in one of the participants’ Ryff dimensions of psychological wellbeing, that of positive relationships with others ( Z = 2.509, p = 0.012, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) but this was also not maintained at the 3-month timepoint. Conclusions The observed changes in recipients’ self-reported levels of knowledge and efficacy, self-compassion, and psychological wellbeing may warrant further investigation into the best modalities for toolkit delivery (frequency, dose, duration) and support for individuals as they progress through the TB treatment journey.
Violence exposure (direct, indirect, individual, structural) affects youth mental health.
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in addressing the sequelae of violence ...exposure on youth (15–24 years old) and evaluate whether moderating factors impact intervention effectiveness.
We systematically searched eight databases and reference lists to retrieve any studies of psychosocial interventions addressing mental health among youth aged 15–25 exposed to violence. We assessed study risk of bias using an adapted version of the Downs and Black’s Risk of Bias Scale.
We identified n = 3077 studies. Sixteen articles representing 14 studies met were included. The studies assessed direct and indirect individual violence exposure at least once. We pooled the data from the 14 studies and evaluated the effects. We estimated an average effect of r+ = 0.57 (RCTs: 95 % CI 0.02–1.13; observational studies: 95 % CI 0.27–86) with some heterogeneity (RCTs: I2 = 78.03, longitudinal studies: I2 = 82.93). The most effective interventions are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Exposure Therapy with an exposure focus. However, due to the small number of studies we are uncertain about benefits of interventions.
No study assessed structural violence. Therefore, studies are needed to evaluate the effects of psychosocial interventions for youth exposed to direct, indirect, individual and structural violence.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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