Power Quality Singh, Bhim; Chandra, Ambrish; Al-Haddad, Kamal
2015, 2014-12-12
eBook
'Power Quality' comprehensively identifies, classifies, analyses and quantifies all associated power quality problems, including the direct integration of renewable energy sources in the distribution ...system, and systematically delivers mitigation techniques to overcome these problems.
Cancer cells overexpress IFsub.1, the endogenous protein that inhibits the hydrolytic activity of ATP synthase when mitochondrial membrane potential (Δμsub.H sup.+) falls, as in ischemia. Other roles ...have been ascribed to IFsub.1, but the associated molecular mechanisms are still under debate. We investigated the ability of IFsub.1 to promote survival and proliferation in osteosarcoma and colon carcinoma cells exposed to conditions mimicking ischemia and reperfusion, as occurs in vivo, particularly in solid tumors. IFsub.1-silenced and parental cells were exposed to the FCCP uncoupler to collapse Δμsub.H sup.+ and the bioenergetics of cell models were validated. All the uncoupled cells preserved mitochondrial mass, but the implemented mechanisms differed in IFsub.1-expressing and IFsub.1-silenced cells. Indeed, the membrane potential collapse and the energy charge preservation allowed an increase in both mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in IFsub.1-expressing cells only. Interestingly, the presence of IFsub.1 also conferred a proliferative advantage to cells highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation when the uncoupler was washed out, mimicking cell re-oxygenation. Overall, our results indicate that IFsub.1, by allowing energy preservation and promoting mitochondrial renewal, can favor proliferation of anoxic cells and tumor growth. Therefore, hindering the action of IFsub.1 may be promising for the therapy of tumors that rely on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This is a systematic review on how innovations in health service practice and organisation can be disseminated and implemented. This is an academic text, originally commissioned by the Department of ...Health from University College London and University of Surrey, using a variety of research methods. The results of the review are discussed in detail in separate chapters covering particular innovations and the relevant contexts. The book is intended as a resource for health care researchers and academics.
Evaluating surface frequency components in the fabrication process is critical for controlling the machined surface quality. The presence of anisotropic ripples on diamond-turned surfaces makes this ...challenging. A multiscale frequency evaluation method, referred to as Surface Intrinsic Mode Decomposition (SIMD), is proposed for evaluating on-machine surface measurement (OMSM) data. It decomposes continuous surface probing profiles, incorporating both temporal and spatial frequency information. In comparison to the conventional power spectral density (PSD) analysis method, the approach enriches frequency details over a wider range, which contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of surface quality and helps to identify mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background and Aim: Issues in patient positioning during chest X-ray (CXR) acquisition impair diagnostic quality and potentially increase radiation dose. Automated quality assessment was proposed to ...address this. Our objective is to determine thresholds on some quality control metrics following international guidelines, that represent expert knowledge and can be applied in a comprehensible and explainable AI approach for such an automatic quality assessment. Materials and Methods: An AI-method estimating collimation distance to the ribcage, balancing between both clavicle heads, and number of ribs above the diaphragm as metrics for collimation, rotation, and inhalation quality was applied on 64,315 posteroanterior CXR images from a public dataset (ChestX-ray8). From this set 920 CXR images were sampled and manually annotated to gain additional trusted reference metrics. Seven readers from different institutions then classified the acquisition quality of these images independently into okay, inadequate, or unacceptable following the criteria of international guidelines. Optimal thresholds on the metrics were determined to reproduce these classes using the metrics only. Results: A fair to moderate agreement between the experts was found. When disregarding all inadequate rates a classification on the metrics was able to separate okay rated cases from unacceptable cases for collimation (AUC > 0.97), rotation (AUC = 0.93) and inhalation (AUC = 0.97). Conclusion: Suitable thresholds were determined to reproduce expert opinions in the assessment of the most important quality criteria in CXR acquisition. These thresholds were finally applied on the AI-method's estimates to automatically classify image acquisition quality comprehensibly and according to the guidelines. KEYWORDS chest radiography, image quality, patient positioning, explainable artificial intelligence, quality management
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