This article motivates and develops a reductive account of the structure of certain physical quantities in terms of their mereology. That is, I argue that quantitative relations like "longer than" or ..."3.6-times the volume of" can be analyzed in terms of necessary constraints those quantities put on the mereological structure of their instances. The resulting account, I argue, is able to capture the intuition that these quantitative relations are intrinsic to the physical systems they’re called upon to describe and explain.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has a significant role in the digital revolution of the AEC industry. The adoption of this technology has been increasing rapidly, enabling the industry to ...facilitate several construction tasks and enhance collaboration among stakeholders. Despite the growth of BIM-related publications, no systematic review has been conducted on the BIM-Based Quantity Takeoff (QTO) approach. This paper uses the PRISMA method to present a systematic review of 52 selected journal articles. Scopus® and Web of Science® databases were employed for literature retrieval to investigate the benefits, challenges, and future opportunities of the BIM-based QTO approach. Bibliometric analysis identified key benefits and challenges in management, professional skills, software functionalities, and implementation cost. Future opportunities, including software development and upskill training for seasoned professionals, were identified from the records and the research gaps. The study contributes a conceptual model for a comprehensive and sustainable implementation approach of BIM-based QTO.
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•Implementation techniques and upskilling are the current frequent trends of 5D BIM.•Leveraging 5D BIM approach enhances productivity, accuracy, and completeness.•Limited professionals' skills in BIM are the biggest challenge on 5D BIM adoption.•BIM databases are beneficial for 5D BIM practices, API developments, LCC and LCA.•Natural Language Processing has a strong relationship with the 5D BIM revolution.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Dogs’ co-domestication led to a series of modifications in their behaviour and cognition. Yet, how recent evolutionary history also interacts with developmental and experiential factors is often ...neglected. Here we tested shelter dogs in a two-alternatives free-choice task between different food quantities. Shelter dogs represent a heterogeneous population with high inter-individual variability, and we hypothesised that we could observe differences in cognitive performance between individuals depending on their attitude towards humans. Overall, we found that dogs preferred to approach the larger set of food (emmeans = 6.62. SE = 0.24, t = 28.17, p < 0.0001). However, consistently with our initial hypothesis, we observed that dogs that were evaluated as ‘less sociable’ by the keepers of the shelter succeeded already on their first trial (P(larger set) = 0.81, SE = 0.1, z = 2.31, p = 0.02), similar to what was observed in wolves and roaming dogs. Vice-versa, individuals that were evaluated as ‘highly sociable’ behaved at chance on the first trial and begun selecting the larger set only after a first interaction with the experimental setting (P(larger set) = 0.51, SE = 0.11, z = −0.7, p = 0.94), thus behaving alike to pet dogs. We discuss our results from both an experimental perspective, as in designing studies that account for multifaceted factors to reach a better understanding of cognition and behaviour in the Canis familiaris, and an applicative perspective, as in adding on current practices to facilitate the difficult process of inclusion of dogs in shelters, and possibly adoption.
•Dogs spontaneously select the larger amount of food in the 2vs4 discrimination.•Dogs’ performance on the very first trial depends on their level of sociability.•‘More sociable’ dogs fail at the first trial, similar to pet dogs.•‘Less sociable’ dogs succeed on the first trial, similar to wolves.•Studies on dogs must account for both phylogenetic and experiential factors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper deals with the concerns of industrial demand for enhancing the machinability of Inconel 718. In this regard, sustainable cooling strategies, i.e., minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), ...electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication (EMQL), and liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2), in combination with ultrasonic-assisted turning, are used to reduce the tool wear in the machining of Inconel 718. An in-house developed ultrasonic-assisted turning setup is used to perform the experiments. Six different combinations of cooling strategies are used to perform the experiments. These cooling strategies are LCO2 +MQL (in this case LCO2 is used on the rake face and MQL on the flank face of the tooling), MQL+LCO2, EMQL+LCO2, LCO2+EMQL, EMQL+MQL, and MQL+EMQL. The results show that the electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication provided on the flank face and the liquid carbon dioxide provided on the rake face considerably reduce the tool wear, power consumption, and specific cutting energy without hindering the surface quality. Thus, the novel combination of liquid carbon dioxide and electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication attains sustainability in machining Inconel 718.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, UL, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ
6.
The lot sizing problem: A tertiary study Glock, Christoph H.; Grosse, Eric H.; Ries, Jörg M.
International journal of production economics,
09/2014, Volume:
155
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This paper provides a survey of literature reviews in the area of lot sizing. Its intention is to show which streams of research emerged from Harris' seminal lot size model, and which major ...achievements have been accomplished in the respective areas. We first develop the methodology of this review and then descriptively analyze the sample. Subsequently, a content-related classification scheme for lot sizing models is developed, and the reviews contained in our sample are discussed in light of this classification scheme. Our analysis shows that various extensions of Harris' lot size model were developed over the years, such as lot sizing models that include multi-stage inventory systems, incentives, or productivity issues. The aims of our tertiary study are the following: firstly, it helps primary researchers to position their own work in the literature, to reproduce the development of different types of lot sizing problems, and to find starting points if they intend to work in a new research direction. Secondly, the study identifies several topics that offer opportunities for future secondary research.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The tribological behavior of cutting is a decisive factor in changing the production cycle, cost, and quality of parts. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) based on environmentally friendly ...biolubricants can convert contact conditions in cutting zones, but it cannot meet the manufacturing requirements of difficult-to-machine materials in the continuous friction turning process. Under the boundary conditions of high temperature, high cutting speed, and high pressure at the tool–workpiece interface, the scientific issue of performance enhancement remains unclear and thus has been the focus of academic and industry research. Moreover, under the continuous cutting boundary condition, technology enhancement as a development trend has not yet been systematically reviewed. Wetting, friction reduction, and heat transfer mechanisms have also not yet been investigated. In this study, the cooling lubrication mechanism and technical iteration motivation of MQL were initially analyzed. Subsequently, a quantized comparative assessment of cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear, and surface quality under enhanced environmentally friendly lubrication turning, including parts enhanced by nanoparticles, cryogenic medium, ultrasonic vibration, and textured tools, was performed. The technical performance, parameter optimization, and mechanism of enhanced MQL were comprehensively studied, and the development stages of biolubricant MQL turning (MQLT) were fully reviewed. Finally, the development trend of the theory and application of MQLT for difficult-to-machine materials was prospected. This study may be used by scientists to deeply understand the mechanism, tribological behavior, and development trend of lubrication in relation to continuous cutting.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, UL, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ
All‐units discount facilities are one of the attractive features in the competitive business situation. Due to the globalization of the marketing policy, all‐units discount facilities play an ...important role in the competitive business. Typical economic order quantity (EOQ) models are cloistered by considering as constant not only the purchase cost (irrespective of the order size of the product) but also the carrying cost during the entire cycle period. However, the unit purchase cost has an antagonistic relationship with the order size, and the carrying cost has a commensurate relationship with the storage time‐period of the product, that is, the higher the order size, the lower the unit purchase cost, and the longer the storage time‐period, the greater carrying cost per unit. Also deterioration is another imperative issue in inventory analysis as it has a huge impact on profit or cost of the inventory system. Considering all of the above‐mentioned factors, we study two different inventory models, namely (a) inventory model for zero‐ending case and (b) inventory model for shortages case. The demand for both models is considered as price and stock dependent, whereas shortages are partially backlogged at a rate with the length of the waiting time to the arrivals of the next lot. The existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution for both models are examined theoretically and the solution procedures are discussed along with two proposed algorithms for minimizing the total cost. Finally, we perform sensitivity analyses for both models and make a fruitful conclusion regarding the proposed work.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Natural capital accounting is an essential prerequisite for the harmonious development of human beings and nature and benign interactions between economy and environment. Although the ecological ...footprint has significantly contributed to sustainability evaluation for many years, the traditional ecological footprint model is limited by lack of value accounting, incomplete account content, neglect of multi-functions of land, and geographical spatial heterogeneity. These limitations reduce the universality of this model. To improve the value accounting of the ecological footprint model, this study takes national hectares (nha) as the measurement unit and includes the freshwater and pollution footprints. The dynamic changes of natural capital from 2000 to 2018 were calculated and analyzed in 31 Chinese provinces. The main findings are summarized here. China's physical quantity of ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and ecological deficit in 2018 was 4.03, 0.79, and −3.24 billion nha, respectively. The energy account contributed most of the physical quantity in the ecological footprint (72.12% of the total). From 2000 to 2018, the physical quantities of the per capita ecological footprint and the per capita ecological deficit increased at 5.49% and 10.08% per annum, respectively, while the physical quantity of the per capita ecological carrying capacity decreased by 0.55% per annum. The physical quantities of the per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological deficit were spatially distributed, reducing in the order of East > Central > West. The spatial distribution of the physical quantity of the per capita ecological carrying capacity showed the opposite trend. By 2018, China's ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and ecological deficit were valued at 18.09, 12.44 and CNY −5.65 trillion, respectively. Over the 2000–2018 period, the per capita ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity increased by 495 and CNY 370 per annum, respectively, while the per capita ecological deficit expanded at CNY −125 per annum. The biological account contributed approximately 59.53% of the value quantity of the ecological footprint. Since the twenty-first century, the cumulative effect of excessive consumption has placed increasing pressure on China's ecosystems. On mainland China, only Tibet showed an ecological surplus in 2018. The ecological pressure index decreased in the order of East > Central > West. As Western China has developed extensively and its ecological deficit is rapidly expanding, this region deserves special attention. The most ecologically challenging regions in China are Shanghai, Tianjin, and Beijing. In contrast, Jilin, Qinghai, and Tibet impose low ecological pressure in China. These findings contribute to the standardization and localization of the ecological footprint model in China and provide a reference for regional resource management and ecological construction.
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•A modified ecological footprint model calculates quantity/value of natural capital.•Main contributors were energy account (quantity) and biological account (value).•Ecological pressure decreased stepwise from Eastern to Central/Western China.•Resource consumption, city size and economic development affect ecological pressure.•Findings support a standardized and localized ecological footprint model in China.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In traditional inventory models such as the economic order quantity (EOQ) and the economic production quantity (EPQ) the sole objective is to minimize the total inventory-related costs, typically ...holding cost and ordering cost. These models do not consider the presence of defective products in the lot or rework of them. Recently, Jamal, Sarker, and Mondal (Jamal, A. A. M., Sarker, B. R., & Mondal, S., (2004). Optimal manufacturing batch size with rework process at single-stage production system.
Computers and Industrial Engineering,
47(1), 77–89) proposed a model, which dealt with the optimum batch quantity in a single-stage system in which rework is done by addressing two different operational policies to minimize the total system cost, but their models do not consider planned backorders. In this direction, this paper develops an EPQ type inventory model with planned backorders for determining the economic production quantity for a single product, which is manufactured in a single-stage manufacturing system that generates imperfect quality products, and all these defective products are reworked in the same cycle. We also establish the range of real values of the proportion of defective products for which there is an optimal solution, and the close form for the total cost of inventory system. The use of the inventory model is illustrated with numerical examples. The classical EOQ, EPQ inventory models with or without planned backorders and Jamal, Sarker and Mondal’s model (Jamal, A. A. M., Sarker, B. R., & Mondal, S., (2004). Optimal manufacturing batch size with rework process at single-stage production system.
Computers and Industrial Engineering,
47(1), 77–89) are shown to be special cases of the EPQ inventory model presented in this paper.
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