Nezakonita gradnja ima več oblik, vključno z ilegalnimi naselji (ang. squatter settlements) in nezakonitimi prizidki stavb. Med različnimi oblikami nezakonite gradnje so v zadnjem času precejšnjo ...pozornost širše javnosti v Hongkongu pritegnila nezakonita mikrostanovanja, ki nastanejo z nezakonito razdelitvijo stanovanj. Zaradi svoje nezakonite narave tovrstna stanovanja resno ogrožajo varnost prebivalcev, saj zmanjšujejo konstrukcijsko stabilnost in požarno varnost stavb, poleg tega pa lahko tudi negativno vplivajo na naravno svetlobo in prezračevanje. Požari v stavbah z nezakonitimi mikrostanovanji, posledice katerih so v zadnjih letih tudi smrtne žrtve, so skrb vzbujajoč rezultat zanemarjanja te mestne problematike. Kljub vsemu so nezakonita mikrostanovanja redko pritegnila pozornost raziskovalcev oziroma akademske skupnosti po svetu. Zaradi resnosti problematike nezakonitih mikrostanovanj v Hongkongu avtorja v članku proučujeta izvedljive politične možnosti za ostrejše ukrepe na tem področju, pri čemer analizirata politike ali rešitve, ki se uporabljajo drugod po svetu. Da bi določila politične možnosti za boj proti nezakonitim mikrostanovanjem v Hongkongu in jih razvrstila po pomembnosti, sta s skupino deležnikov opravila raziskavo z uporabo metode delfi za oblikovanje politik (ang. policy Delphi study) v treh krogih. Anketiranci so predlagali različne ukrepe, od pogostejših inšpekcijskih pregledov stavb in višjih kazni za lastnike, ki ne upoštevajo predpisov, do izdaje dovoljenj za dajanje nezakonitih mikrostanovanj v zasebni najem. Za najbolj izvedljivo možnost med vsemi navedenimi se je izkazalo strožje izvajanje ukrepov. Članek se konča z razpravo o rezultatih raziskave inpriporočili za oblikovanje ustrezne politike na tem področju.
V članku so predstavljeni rezultati prve eksperimentalne zgodovinske fonetične raziskave slovenskega govorjenega jezika. Zaradi želje po preverjanju, ali lahko globalne spremembe, ugotovljene v ...televizijskem informativnem govoru v drugih jezikih (Giannini, Pettorino 2010) potrdimo tudi na slovenskem gradivu, je bila izpeljana primerjava dveh vzorcev branega govora, izhajajočih iz televizijskih informativnih oddaj, ki jih je slovenska javna televizija predvajala med letoma 1977-1981 (TV Ljubljana) in 2011-2013 (TV Slovenija). Ob upoštevanju časovnih spremenljivk govora (Grosjean, Deschamps 1975) tekočnosti, hitrosti artikulacije in hitrosti govora so tekom analize bili izmerjeni tudi trajanje foničnih verig, odstotna pogostnost in trajanje praznih prekinitev ter t. i. koeficient zgoščenosti. Pridobljeni podatki kažejo, da se je z ritmičnega vidika slovenski (govorjeni) jezik v zadnjih tridesetih letih spremenil manj izrazito od pričakovanega.
Hipoteza razkoraka v znanju predpostavlja, da se v obdobju povečanih medij- skih sporočil razkorak v znanju med informacijsko bogatimi in informacijsko revnimi povečuje. Razkorak se ne pojavlja ...samo v znanju, ampak se odraža tudi v deležu opre- deljenih anketirancev na anketna vprašanja. Na podlagi podatkov, zbranih v okviru evropske družboslovne raziskave 2010, smo skušali model pojasnjevanja razkoraka v znanju aplicirati na razkorak v opredeljevanju na politična in aktualna mnenjska vpra- šanja v anketi. čeprav se model ni potrdil zelo močno, se je izkazal kot uporaben tudi pri pojasnjevanju stopnje opredeljevanja na anketna vprašanja tako za vzorec raziskave (27 evropskih držav) kot za primer slovenije. v primeru slovenije razkorak v znanju v večji moči pojasnjujeta politični interes in izobrazba kot pa uporaba medijskih sporočil.
In the second Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey, conducted within the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute-care ...hospitals, we estimated the prevalence of all types of HAIs and identified risk factors.
Patients from acute-care hospitals were enrolled into a one-day cross-sectional study in October 2011. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the characteristics of patients, their exposure to invasive procedures and the prevalence of different types of HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of association of having at least one HAI with possible risk factors were performed to identify risk factors.
Among 5628 patients, 3.8% had at least one HAI and additional 2.6% were still being treated for HAIs on the day of the survey; the prevalence of HAIs was 6.4%. The prevalence of urinary tract infections was the highest (1.4%), followed by pneumoniae (1.3%) and surgical site infections (1.2%). In intensive care units (ICUs), the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 35.7%. Risk factors for HAIs included central vascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.0; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.9-5.7), peripheral vascular catheter (aOR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5-2.6), intubation (aOR 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4-3.5) and rapidly fatal underlying condition (aOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.3).
The prevalence of HAIs in Slovenian acute-care hospitals in 2011 was substantial, especially in ICUs. HAIs prevention and control is an important public health priority. National surveillance of HAIs in ICUs should be developed to support evidence-based prevention and control.
In the third Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey, conducted within the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals, ...we estimated the prevalence of all types of HAIs and identified factors associated with them.
Patients were enrolled into a one-day cross-sectional study in November 2017. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the characteristics of patients, their exposure to invasive procedures and the prevalence of different types of HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of association of having at least one HAI with possible risk factors were performed to identify risk factors.
Among 5,743 patients, 4.4% had at least one HAI and an additional 2.2% were still treated for HAIs on the day of the survey, with a prevalence of HAIs of 6.6%. The prevalence of pneumoniae was the highest (1.8%), followed by surgical site infections (1.5%) and urinary tract infections (1.2%). Prevalence of blood stream infections was 0.3%. In intensive care units (ICUs), the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 30.6%. Factors associated with HAIs included central vascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio aOR 4.1; 95% confidence intervals CI: 3.1-5.4), peripheral vascular catheter (aOR 3.0; 95% CI: 2.3-3.9), urinary catheter (aOR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4-2.3).
The prevalence of HAIs in Slovenian acute care hospitals in 2017 was substantial, especially in ICUs. HAIs prevention and control is an important public health priority. National surveillance of HAIs in ICUs should be developed to support evidence-based prevention and control.
Most data related to cutaneous melanoma survivors' health behaviour comes from epidemiological studies and is predominantly concerned with safe-sun behaviour and self-examination. Data regarding ...other changes of health behaviour are scarce and so are qualitative studies in this realm. The aim of our research is to acquire insight into the experiences of patients with cutaneous melanoma in Slovenia. How did they react to the diagnosis, which changes did they introduce in their health behaviour and how do they assess the role of family doctors?
Using the qualitative approach of collective case reports, a demographically diverse group of patients with different forms and stages of cutaneous melanoma was selected. Semi-structured interviews conducted by a psychologist were recorded and transcribed verbatim. For data processing, the approach of Qualitative Content Analysis was applied.
We integrated interviewees' experiences after the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in several subcategories: either they did not introduce any changes or they mentioned changing their habits when exposed to the sun and performing skin self-examination; they also emphasized their ways of dealing with stress and raising awareness about melanoma among family members and friends. The role of family doctors in the prevention and care appears unclear; even contradictory.
We obtained insight into the experiences of Slovenian patients with cutaneous melanoma. The interviewees prioritised safe behaviour in the sun, strengthening of psychological stability and raising awareness about melanoma. Findings will be used in the creation of a structured questionnaire for national epidemiological survey.
Namen prispevka je predstaviti izide iz raziskave o vplivih dejavnikov usposabljanja o trajnostni rabi vode (o podpori usposabljanju, ki jo kažejo nadrejeni in sodelavci, spodbudah za uporabo znanj ...in veščin, pridobljenih med usposabljanjem) in vplivu usposabljanja na tehnično in delovno učinkovitost zaposlenih. Empirično raziskavo smo opravili na vzorcu 328 srednje velikih in velikih podjetij v slovenski predelovalni dejavnosti. Ugotovili smo, da podpora usposabljanju, ki jo kažejo nadrejeni in sodelavci, ter spodbude za uporabo znanj in veščin, pridobljenih med usposabljanjem, statistično značilno in pozitivno vplivajo na uposabljanje o trajnostni rabi vode, uposabljanje o trajnostni rabi vode pa statistično značilno in pozitivno vpliva na tehnično učinkovitost. Izidi iz raziskave prinašajo nova teoretična spoznanja in praktične usmeritve za vse, ki se ukvarjajo z menedžementom trajnostnega razvoja z vidika ohranjanja naravnih virov.
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The aim of this article is to present research results on the influence of factors of sustainable water use training (management support of training, co-worker support of training, incentives for ...using skills acquired during training) and the influence of this training on technical efficiency and employee efficiency. The article is based on an empirical study of 328 medium and large companies in the Slovene processing industry. The findings show that the training factors have a statistically significant and positive effect on sustainable water use training and that training has a positive effect on technical efficiency. They also offer new theoretical knowledge as well as practical guidelines for anyone working in the sustainable development management of natural resources.
Namen prispevka je predstaviti izide iz raziskave o vplivih dejavnikov usposabljanja o trajnostni rabi vode (o podpori usposabljanju, ki jo kažejo nadrejeni in sodelavci, spodbudah za uporabo znanj in veščin, pridobljenih med usposabljanjem) in vplivu usposabljanja na tehnično in delovno učinkovitost zaposlenih. Empirično raziskavo smo opravili na vzorcu 328 srednje velikih in velikih podjetij v slovenski predelovalni dejavnosti. Ugotovili smo, da podpora usposabljanju, ki jo kažejo nadrejeni in sodelavci, ter spodbude za uporabo znanj in veščin, pridobljenih med usposabljanjem, statistično značilno in pozitivno vplivajo na uposabljanje o trajnostni rabi vode, uposabljanje o trajnostni rabi vode pa statistično značilno in pozitivno vpliva na tehnično učinkovitost. Izidi iz raziskave prinašajo nova teoretična spoznanja in praktične usmeritve za vse, ki se ukvarjajo z menedžementom trajnostnega razvoja z vidika ohranjanja naravnih virov.
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The second Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey (SNHPS) was conducted in acute-care hospitals in 2011. The objective was to assess the sensitivity and ...specificity of the method used for the ascertainment of six types of HAIs (bloodstream infections, catheter-associated infections, lower respiratory tract infections, pneumoniae, surgical site infections, and urinary tract infections) in the University Medical Centre Ljubljana (UMCL).
A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients surveyed in the SNHPS in the UMCL using a retrospective medical chart review (RMCR) and European HAIs surveillance definitions. Sensitivity and specificity of the method used in the SNHPS using RMCR as a reference was computed for ascertainment of patients with any of the six selected types of HAIs and for individual types of HAIs. Agreement between the SNHPS and RMCR results was analyzed using Cohen's kappa coefficient.
1474 of 1742 (84.6%) patients surveyed in the SNHPS were included in RMCR. The sensitivity of the SNHPS method for detecting any of six HAIs was 90% (95% confidence interval (CI): 81%-95%) and specificity 99% (95% CI: 98%-99%). The sensitivity by type of HAI ranged from 63% (lower respiratory tract infections) to 92% (bloodstream infections). Specificity was at least 99% for all types of HAIs. Agreement between the two data collection approaches for HAIs overall was very good (κ=0.83).
The overall sensitivity of SNHPS collection method for ascertaining HAIs overall was high and the specificity was very high. This suggests that the estimated prevalence of HAIs in the SNHPS was credible.
V besedilu avtorica obravnava percepcije slovenske javnosti o migracijah, integraciji imigrantov ter multikulturnosti. Izhaja iz koncepta integracije kot dvosmernega procesa medkulturne komunikacije, ...v katerem prihaja do nove kvalitete doseganja družbene kohezije. Ocene slovenske javnosti predstavlja v okviru treh migracijskih topik: 1. splošna stališča do migracij in migrantov – migranti kot grožnja ali nujni korektiv trga dela, 2. pozicioniranje Slovenije v sodobnih globaliziranih migracijskih tokovih in 3. integracijske politike kot instrument premikanja notranjih družbenih meja.
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