De re robotica Marjanić, Suzana; Đurđević, Goran
In medias res,
09/2023, Volume:
12, Issue:
23
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
Danas su roboti postali svakodnevica čiji su zadaci sve veći u uslužnim djelatnostima (npr. ugostiteljstvo ili ispitivanje zadovoljstva korisnika), zatim kao automatizirani i samostalni uređaji (npr. ...usisivači ili automobili) te kao supstitucija za pojedine biljke i životinje (npr. umjetna stabla, RoboBee kao zamjena za pčele i dr.). Tekst se zadržava na nešto manje poznatim robotima – robotiziranim kućnim ljubimcima čiju genezu kao svojevrsnih avatara i malih igračaka pratimo od sredine 1990-ih kada je područje JI Europe preplavljeno dječjim japanskim „kućnim ljubimcem“ Tamagotchijem. Poslije su razvijeni složeniji „ljubimci“ poput Joy for All, Zoomer Interactive Kittens and Puppies, PARO Robot Seals i AIBO. Naglasak je postavljen na robot-kućnim ljubimcima koji se u nekim zemljama koriste u domovima za starije osobe kao i npr. za osobe oboljele od demencije. Ovakvi su objekti otvorili brojna pitanja od kojih izdvajamo sljedeće: definiciju bića i kućnog ljubimca (engl. pet), odnosno kućne životinje (engl. home animals) ili kako neki antrozoolozi ističu – životinje za društvo (engl. companion animals), društvenost i privrženost, osjećaje, biološke potrebe, odgovornost za ponašanje, prava i obveze kao i nasilje prema hibridima i androidima (usp. Thompson 2018).
The last decades have been marked by the development of technology that has led to an increasing number of robots in the human surroundings (outside environment and inside the body), which brings us closer to the realization of posthumanism and transhumanism. That new circumstances bring humans closer to robots and, consequently, hybrids and cyborgs. Today, robots have become commonplace, with increasing tasks in service industries (e.g., catering or customer satisfaction testing), then as automatic and autonomous devices (e.g., vacuum cleaners or cars) and as substitutes for individual plants and animals (e.g., artificial trees, RoboBee as a substitute for bees, etc.). In this article, we move on to lesser-known robots – robotic pets whose genesis as a kind of avatars and small toys we followed from the mid-1990s when the area of SE Europe was interrupted with children’s Japanese “pet” Tamagotchi. Later, more complex “pets” such as Joy for All, Zoomer Interactive Kittens and Puppies, PARO Robot Seals, and AIBO were developed. Our focus is on robot pets used in retirement homes in some countries and, for example, people with dementia. Such objects have opened several questions, of which we pointed out the following: the definition of being and pet, or home animals or, as some anthropologists point out – companion animals, sociability and attachment, feelings, biological needs, responsibility for behaviour, rights, and obligations as well as violence against hybrids and androids (cf. Thompson 2018).
U radu je prikazana suvremena poljoprivredna tehnika u zaštiti bilja i to putem termičke zaštite, korištenjem podtlačnih i nadtlačnih sustava, primjenom mehaničkim putem četkastih kultivatora i ...primjenom suvremenih robota. Upotrebom navedenih načina omogućuje se suzbijanje štetočinja ekološkim putem koji je sve nužniji u svakodnevnoj biljnoj proizvodnji. U radu će biti dana pojašnjenja i principi rada pomoću kojih je moguće učinkovito i relativno brzo suzbiti štetočine. Uporabom navedenih omogućuje se potpuno ekološka biljna proizvodnja bez negativnih posljedica za okoliš i krajnjeg korisnika.
The paper presents modern agricultural techniques in plant protection through thermal protection, the use of vacuum systems, the mechanical application of brush cultivators and various weeds and the use of modern robots. The use of these methods enables the control of pests in an ecological way, which is increasingly necessary in everyday plant production. The paper will provide explanations and principles of work with which it is possible to effectively and relatively quickly control pests. The use of the above enables completely organic plant production without negative consequences for the end user.
Ovaj članak istražuje upoznavanje djece u dobi od šest do deset godina s robotikom te ispituje upotrebu robota u školama i izvannastavnim aktivnostima. Središnja pitanja su 1) je li uvođenje ...robotike obuhvaćeno političkim strategijama i obrazovnim politikama i na koji način (RQ1) te 2) tko su glavni akteri uvođenja robota u obrazovno okruženje (RQ2). Kako bi se odgovorilo na ova pitanja, provedena je pilot studija u tri europske zemlje (Austriji, Litvi i Rumunjskoj) koja je uključivala analizu nacionalnih policy strategija, kao i intervjue s po tri dionika u svakoj zemlji. Članak ilustrira specifičnosti istraživanih zemalja prezentirane kao studije slučaja, raspravlja o njima i međusobno ih uspoređuje. Nalazi pokazuju kako obrazovne politike u analiziranim zemljama imaju za cilj preslikati Digitalnu agendu za Europu te da se mogu identificirati dva suprotna pristupa implementaciji robotike, odozdo prema gore i odozgo prema dolje.
Cilj je rada utvrditi povezanost između rasta broja industrijskih robota i određenih karakteristika tržišta rada Europske unije s posebnim osvrtom na prerađivačku industriju. Rezultati statističke ...analize pokazuju kako gustoća industrijskih robota (broj industrijskih robota na 10 000 zaposlenih) u prerađivačkoj industriji utječe na tržište rada Europske unije. Korelacijskom i regresijskom analizom prikazano je da povećanjem broja industrijskih robota u prerađivačkoj industriji Europske unije došlo do povećanja udjela zaposlenih u ukupnoj populaciji Europske unije te kako je broj zaposlenih u prerađivačkoj industriji rastao tako je rastao i broj industrijskih robota. Također je prikazano da zemlje Europske unije s većom gustoćom industrijskih robota u prerađivačkoj industriji imaju i veće troškove za zaposlenike. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju glavnu hipotezu H0 koja ispituje postoji li statistički značajna povezanost između gustoće industrijskih robota u prerađivačkoj industriji Europske unije i udjela zaposlenih u ukupnoj populaciji Europske unije. U svim zemljama Europske unije dolazi do rasta broja industrijskih robota i robotizacije te automatizacije mnogih radnih mjesta, stoga je nužno pripremiti tržište rada na izazove koje takvi trendovi nose. Doprinos rada očituje se u prikazu utjecaja porasta broja industrijskih robota na tržište rada s posebnim osvrtom na prerađivačku industriju. Rezultati pokazuju utjecaj porasta broja industrijskih robota u prerađivačkoj industriji na udio zaposlenih u Europskoj uniji, na broj zaposlenih u prerađivačkoj industriji te prikazuju povezanost gustoće industrijskih robota i prosječnih troškova za zaposlenike.
The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the growth in the number of industrial robots and certain characteristics of the labor market of the European union, with special reference to the manufacturing industry. The results of the statistical analysis show how the density of industrial robots (number of robots per 10,000 employees) in the manufacturing sector affects the labor market of the European Union. Correlation and regression analysis showed that the increase in the number of industrial robots in the processing sector of the European Union led to an increase in the share of employees in the total population of the European Union, and that the number of employees in the processing sector grew as did the number of industrial robots. It is also shown that European Union countries with a larger number of industrial robots in the manufacturing sector also have higher costs for employees in the same. The results of the research confirm the main hypothesis H0 which examines whether there is a statistically significant correlation between the density of industrial robots in the European Union manufacturing sector and the share of employees in the total European Union population. In all countries of the European Union, the number of industrial robots is growing, as well as the robotization and automation of many jobs, and it is necessary to prepare the labor market for the challenges posed by such trends. The contribution of the study is reflected in the overview of the impact of the increase in the number of industrial robots on the labour market with special emphasis on the processing industry. The results show the influence of the increase in the number of industrial robots in the processing industry on the share of employees in the European Union, on the number of employees in the processing industry, and show the correlation between the density of industrial robots and average costs for employees.
NEKI ASPEKTI U RAZVOJU ROBOTA Palko, Anton; Marcinčin, Jozef Novak
Engineering Review,
07/2009, Volume:
29, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Analiza nedavnih razvoja, kao i najnovijih trendova razvoja automatizacije proizvodnje i ne-proizvodnih procesa dokazuje da je robotizacija tih procesa u općem konceptu njihove automatizacije i dalje ...u jedinstvenom i nezamjenjivom položaju. Ovi trendovi postavljaju više zahtjeve o složenosti inovaciji svih načina unosa automatiziranih proizvodnih i uslužnih sustava. Najnoviji trendovi stvaraju nove potrebe za razvoj i izgradnju novih kategorija i generacija robota, kao i novi pristup primjene robota.
The process of empowering muscles in order to make them to a normal and common value is an expensive and prolonged work, in common available methods. There are some commercial exercise machines used ...for this purpose called rehabilitation systems. However, due to their insufficient motion freedom and prospect of being expensive, these machines have limited usage. Hence, it is clearly necessary that Mechatronic technologies should be used in this area. In this paper, an algorithm and an improved rule are presented for controlling a rehabilitation system of lower limbs which is implemented on a 6-Degree Of Freedom (DOF) Stewart parallel robot. Impedance control and adaptive control are used for this purpose. Estimation and optimization of control parameters will be done by artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms, respectively (intelligent strategy). Safety is guaranteed since some of controller parameters can be adapted under the stability conditions given by using Routh stability theory. Thereafter, the results of simulations are presented by defining a physiotherapy standard mode on a desired trajectory. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for simulations. Finally, a comparative discussion between this strategy and common methods is devised.
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) enables automating business processes using software robots. Software robots interpret, trigger responses, and communicate with other systems just like humans do. ...Robotic processes and intelligent automation tools can help businesses improve the effectiveness of services faster and at a lower cost than current methods. This book is the perfect start to your automation journey, with a special focus on one of the most popular RPA tools: UiPath. Learning Robotic Process Automation takes you on a journey from understanding the basics of RPA to advanced implementation techniques. You will become oriented in the UiPath interface and learn about its workflow. Once you are familiar with the environment, we will get hands-on with automating different applications such as Excel, SAP, Windows and web applications, screen and web scraping, working with user events, as well as understanding exceptions and debugging. By the end of the book, you'll not only be able to build your first software bot, but also you'll wire it to perform various automation tasks with the help of best practices for bot deployment.
The development of information technology enabled us to exchange more items of information among us no matter how far we are apart from each other. It also changed our way of communication. Various ...types of robots recently promoted to be sold to general public hint that these robots may further influence our daily life as they physically interact with us and handle objects in environment. We may even recognize a feel of presence similar to that of human beings when we talk to a robot or when a robot takes part in our conversation. The impact will be strong enough for us to think about the meaning of communication. This e-book consists of various studies that examine our communication influenced by robots. Topics include our attitudes toward robot behaviors, designing robots for better communicating with people, and how people can be affected by communicating through robots.
U radu su opisana dostignuća primjene robotike u medicini. Obrađeni su posebno kirurški roboti i opisani predstavnici različitih robota ovisno o području medicine. Prikazani su roboti namijenjeni ...pomoći u bolnicama, kod kuće i u domovima umirovljenika. Istaknuta je prednost tzv. nadzornih odnosno komunikacijskih robota, koji bi imali svoju primjenu u udaljenim ili malim mjestima. Prikazana su najnovija dostignuća kod izrade proteza upravljanih signalima iz mozga, te drugih temeljenih na interakciji pacijenta i protetičkog uređaja. Posebno je istaknuta problematika neurokirurgije i rješenje hrvatskog dvoručnog neurokirurškog robota “Ronna”, koji je uspješno prošao predkliničko testiranje i priprema se za prvu operaciju u funkciji asistenta neurokirurgu. Na kraju prikazani su minijaturni roboti koji se koriste u dijagnostici i liječenju probavnog trakta, te pravci razvoja budućih medicinskih mini i nano robota.
In this paper, we propose a novel coordinated path following controller based on model predictive control (MPC) for mobile robots. The strategy is based on a virtual structure approach where the ...entire formation is considered as a rigid body and the control laws for a virtual leader vehicle and for actual follower robots are optimized by considering the dynamics of the virtual structure and the desired motion of each vehicle. Besides, we also fulfill time convergence for trajectory tracking by integrating an additional penalty term into our model predictive control scheme. However, the major concern in the use of model predictive control is whether such an open-loop control scheme can guarantee system stability. In this case, we apply the idea of a contractive constraint to guarantee the stability of our MPC framework. Although our approach is centralized, numerous simulation scenarios have been conducted to illustrate its effectiveness and its superior performance for a small group of mobile robots. Furthermore, we show that path following control can offer a number of advantages over its trajectory tracking counterpart.
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