Here we evaluate the time trends of urban-rural differences in physical activity in the European Union between 2002 and 2017 and the contribution of urbanization on total physical activity changes, ...using four Eurobarometer surveys (n = 101,373). Trajectories of urban-rural differences in physical activity varied considerably among EU-28 countries. Hierarchical linear regression models revealed that inactivity increased in both urban and rural settings, although it was higher in the latter. Thereby, the urban-rural gap diminished and was even eliminated in some countries. Also, national changes across time were driven by urban places, showing little contribution from urbanization. Our findings suggest that inactivity has risen in Europe regardless of living environments and with regional urbanization development having little influence.
•Inactivity has increased in Europe from 2002 to 2017 in both rural and urban places.•We detect a higher inactivity prevalence increase in rural environments across time.•Urbanization development has little influence on inactivity prevalence in Europe.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Purpose
To evaluate the association of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour before and during in vitro fertilization (IVF) with controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and ...pregnancy outcomes.
Methods
This longitudinal study involved 107 infertile women undergoing IVF treatment. PA and sedentary behaviour were measured for 14 consecutive days using accelerometry as follows: (1) before IVF treatment, (2) during IVF at the implantation time, immediately after embryo transfer, and (3) after positive pregnancy test. Total screen time was assessed by questionnaires. COS results were measured as the number of oocytes and embryos obtained, and the study outcomes included positive hCG, clinical pregnancy, and live birth.
Results
Compared with baseline activity levels, women significantly reduced their PA and increased sedentary behaviour during IVF (
p
≤ 0.001). Higher average PA, light PA, and ratio between breaks in every ≥ 30-min blocks of sedentary time showed positive associations, while sedentary time, number, and time accumulated in blocks of ≥ 30 min of sedentary time associated negatively with oocyte and embryo counts (all
p
< 0.05). Women with high total screen time during non-work days (≥ 7 h) obtained 4.7 oocytes (
p
= 0.005) and 2.8 embryos (
p
= 0.008) less in COS. PA and sedentary behaviour before and during IVF did not affect the positive hCG, clinical pregnancy, and live birth outcomes.
Conclusion
Our study results suggest that higher time spent in PA and lower time spent in sedentary behaviour before entering assisted reproduction is associated with better COS outcomes, while activity levels before and during IVF do not affect the implantation, pregnancy, and live birth outcomes.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Physical inactivity is associated with feelings of burnout and fatigue, which in turn are associated with reduced performance among healthcare practitioners. This study explored movement behaviours ...of general practitioners (GPs) and the association between these behaviours with burnout and fatigue.
GPs in Northern Ireland were asked to wear a thigh-worn accelerometer for seven days and complete validated questionnaires to assess the association between daily number of steps, time spent sitting and standing with feelings of burnout and fatigue.
Valid accelerometer data were obtained from 47 (77.0%) participants. Average workday sitting time, standing time and number of steps were 10.6 h (SD 1.5), 3.8 h (SD 1.3), and 7796 steps (SD 3116) respectively. Participants were less sedentary (8.0 h (SD 1.6)) and more active (4.7 h (SD 1.4) standing time and 12,408 steps (SD 4496)) on non-workdays. Fourteen (30.4%) participants reported burnout and sixteen (34.8%) reported severe fatigue. There were no significant associations between sitting, standing and step counts with burnout or fatigue (p > 0.05).
GPs were less active on workdays compared to non-workdays and exhibited high levels of sitting. Feelings of burnout and fatigue were highly prevalent, however movement behaviours were not found to be associated with burnout and fatigue. Given the increased sedentariness among GPs on workdays compared to non-workdays, GPs should consider how they can improve their movement behaviours on workdays to help optimise their wellbeing.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
There is little understanding of how the built environment shapes activity behaviours in children over different seasons. This study sought to establish how seasonal weather patterns, in a given year ...in a mid-western Canadian city, affect sedentary time (SED) in youth and how the relationship between season and SED are moderated by the built environment in their home neighbourhood. Families with children aged 9-14 years were recruited from the prairie city of Saskatoon, Canada. Location-specific, device-based SED was captured in children during three timeframes over a one-year period using GPS-paired accelerometers. Multilevel models are presented. Children accumulated significantly greater levels of SED in spring but significantly less SED in the fall months in comparison to the winter months. Children living in neighbourhoods with the highest density of destinations accumulated significantly less SED while in their home area in comparison to their counterparts, and this effect was more pronounced in the spring and summer months. On weekends, the rise in sedentariness within the home area was completely diminished in children living in neighbourhoods with the greatest number of destinations and highest activity friendliness. These results suggested that increasing neighbourhood amenities can lead to a reduced sedentariness of youth, though more so in the warmers months of the year.
The GET READY study aimed to integrate service-learning methodology into University degrees by offering students individual service opportunities with residential care homes, to co-create the best ...suited intervention to reduce the sedentary behaviour (SB) of residents throughout the day, with researchers, end-users, care staff, family members and policymakers. Eight workshops with care home residents and four workshops with care staff, relatives and policymakers, led by undergraduate students, were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed with inductive thematic analysis to understand views and preferences for sustainable strategies to reduce SB and increase movement of residents. Perspectives about SB and movement in care homes highlighted four subthemes. Assets for decreasing SB included three subthemes, and suggestions and strategies encapsulated four subthemes. There is a need to include end-users in decision making, and involve care staff and relatives in enhancing strategies to reduce SB among residents if we want sustainable changes in behaviour. A change in the culture at a policymaker and care staff's level could provide opportunities to open care homes to the community with regular activities outside the care home premises, and offer household chores and opportunities to give residents a role in maintaining their home environment.
Urban environment has been increasingly recognised as a health determinant able to promote healthy or unhealthy lifestyles. The growing use of technology and urbanization is influencing people ...behaviours, making them more sedentary. In children, this may be even more relevant as childhood is a critical period for creating bases for lifelong health and well-being. Given the potential for the urban environment to influence health, we investigated the association between some key characteristics of the urban environment and sedentary behaviour in school-aged children. We recruited 331 healthy children (9–11 years, 52% males), whose parents were asked to quantify their time spent in several sedentary activities. We derived two sedentary behaviour outcomes: the total daily sedentary time and the screen time. Exposure to less urbanized and more vegetated area was derived by combining key environmental attributes using Principal Component Analysis. Independently of age, sex and BMI children living in less urbanized and more vegetated areas reported 12 min less of daily sedentary time (β: −12, 95% CI from −22 to −2; p = 0.02) and were less likely to exceed the recommended daily screen time (2 h/day) (OR: 0.86 95% CI 0.74–1, 00; p = 0.056). A stronger association was found in children whose mothers were highly educated, suggesting that maternal education level acts as effect modifier. Our findings highlight that environmental characteristics may shape children’s health by influencing their lifestyles, and should be considered in Public Health strategy to prevent sedentary behaviour and promote more sustainable and healthier cities.
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•Urban environment is associated with sedentary behaviors in children.•Children living in greener and less urbanized areas were 15 min/day less sedentary.•Children living in greener/less urbanized areas less likely exceeded 2 h/day of screens.•Association between environment and sedentary behavior is modified by maternal education.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Questions In people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are activity phenotypes (based on physical activity and recreational screen time) associated with mortality and ...cardiometabolic risk factors? Design Cohort study. Participants People with COPD aged ≥ 40 years and who were current or ex-smokers were identified from the 2003 Scottish Health Survey. Outcome measures Data were collected regarding demographics, anthropometric measurements, medical history, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, health outcomes, and mortality. Analysis Participants were categorised into one of the following activity phenotypes: ‘couch potatoes’ were those who were insufficiently active with high leisure-based sitting time and/or no domestic physical activity; ‘light movers’ were insufficiently active with some domestic physical activity; ‘sedentary exercisers’ were sufficiently active with high leisure-based sitting time; and ‘busy bees’ were sufficiently active with low leisure-based sitting time. ‘Sufficiently active’ was defined as adhering to physical activity (PA) recommendations of ≥ 7.5 metabolic equivalent (MET) hours/week. ‘Low leisure-based sitting time’ was defined as ≤ 200 minutes of recreational screen time/day. Results The 584 participants had a mean age of 64 years (SD 12) and 52% were male. Over 5.5 years (SD 1.3) of follow-up, there were 81 all-cause deaths from 433 COPD participants with available data. Compared to the ‘couch potatoes’, there was a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in the ‘busy bees’ (Hazard Ratio 0.26, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.65) with a trend towards a reduction in mortality risk in the other phenotypes. The odds of diabetes were lower in the ‘busy bees’ compared to the ‘couch potatoes’ (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.67). Conclusions Adhering to physical activity guidelines and keeping leisure-based sitting time low had a mortality benefit and lowered the odds of diabetes in people with COPD. McKeough Z, Cheng SWM, Alison J, Jenkins C, Hamer M, Stamatakis E (2018) Low leisure-based sitting time and being physically active were associated with reduced odds of death and diabetes in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study. Journal of Physiotherapy 64: 114–120
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Over the last 10 years, evidence has emerged that too much sedentary time (e.g. time spent sitting down) has adverse effects on health, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease incidence ...and mortality. A considerable amount of media attention has been given to the topic. The current UK activity guidelines recommend that all adults should minimize the amount of time spent being sedentary for extended periods. How best to minimize sedentary behavior is a focus of ongoing research. Understanding the impact of sedentary behaviors on the health of people with stroke is vital as they are some of the most sedentary individuals in society. Implementing strategies to encourage regular, short breaks in sedentary behaviors has potential to improve health outcomes after stroke. Intervention work already conducted with adults and older adults suggests that sedentary behaviors can be changed. A research priority is to explore the determinants of sedentary behavior in people with stroke and to develop tailored interventions.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This literature review focuses on aspects of sedentary behaviour (SB) in elderly. Since it has been identified as a distinct health risk, independent of physical activity, SB is a significant issue. ...This is particularly true for an ageing population as evidence shows that older adults (aged ≥65 years) are the most sedentary age group (on average 8.5–9.6 h daily sitting time). Accurate SB assessment is important for understanding this habitual behaviour and its impact. However, SB measurement is challenging, regardless of the method used. Although negative associations of SB in elderly have been reported for several health outcomes, evidence is inconclusive, apart from the evidence on the adverse SB effect on the all-cause mortality rate. Generally, strategies have been proposed to counteract SB, of which breaking prolonged sedentary bouts with at least light-intensity physical activity seems to be the most promising. Overall, further research in elderly is required to increase the evidence and to either support or refute the current findings. Moreover, further research will help to develop informed SB guidelines for an optimal strategy to counteract SB and its health effects in older adults.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract Objective Physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) are associated with self-rated health (SRH) in adults; however, SRH has been less studied among youth, and information about self-rated ...mental health (SRMH) is lacking. This study examined the associations of PA and ST with SRH and SRMH among adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2011–2012 Canadian Community Health Survey included 7725 participants aged 12–17 years, representing 1,820,560 Canadian adolescents. Associations of self-reported PA and ST to SRH and SRMH were assessed, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, smoking, highest household education and weight status. Results Excellent/very good SRH was reported by 78% of active vs. 62% of inactive adolescents, and 77% of those meeting vs. 70% of those exceeding ST guidelines (both p < 0.001). Excellent/very good SRMH was reported by 81% of active vs. 76% of inactive adolescents, and 84% of those meeting vs. 78% of those exceeding ST guidelines (both p < 0.001). Inactive adolescents had twice higher odds of sub-optimal SRH, and inactive girls had 30% greater odds of sub-optimal SRMH. Adolescents exceeding 2 h/day ST had 30% greater odds of sub-optimal SRH, and 30–50% greater odds of sub-optimal SRMH. Conclusion PA and ST are independently associated with health perceptions among Canadian adolescents. Interventions should consider health perceptions in addition to biomedical outcomes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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