Agama merupakan sumber yang dapat menciptakan kedamaian di hati, kedamaian di dunia, dan kedamaian di akhirat. Tetapi demikian sebaliknya, agama juga merupakan sumber yang dapat menciptakan ...kehancuran manusia dan alam semesta. Salah satu konsep agama, yaitu “Tri Murti”, yang besumberkan pada Weda dengan menggabungkan Dewa Brahma, Dewa Wisnu, dan Dewa Siwa. Konsep Tri Murti ini dipraktekkan oleh Mpu Kuturan pada tahun 845 Masehi. Ajaran Mpu Kuturan yang mengangkat konsep Tri Murti menggabungkan 15 sekte atau agama kepercayaan seperti; 1). Siwa Siddhanta, 2). Pasupata, 3). Bhairawa, 4). Wesanawa, 5). Bodha (Sogatha), 6). Brahma, 7). Resi, 8). Sore, 9). Ganapatya, 10). Agama Sambhu memuja Arca, 11). Agama Brahma memuja Matahari/Api, 12). Agama Indra memuja Gunung dan Bulan, 13). Agama Wisnu memuja Hujan dan Banjir, 14). Agama Bayu memuja Bintang, dan Angin Ngelinus (Puting Bliung), 15). Agama Kala menyembah tempat-tempat yang keramat. Kelima belas sekte dan agama ini dipersatukan oleh ideologi “Tri Murti”.
The presence of sects in Islamic history was initially ridden by political factors. They were born as a political stream that has a share in government power. However, over time, these schools began ...to stand on the level of aqidah and divinity. Each sect has its own understanding of divine principles, politics, and Islamic values. It cannot be denied that this is a global concern for Muslims because it has the potential to cause division. Among the sects recorded in the history of Islam are the Shia, Khawarij, Murji'ah, Qadariyah, Jabariyah, Mu'tazilah, Asy'Ariyah, and Maturidiyah. The importance of studying sectarianism in the history of Islam is to understand the Islamic patterns that exist in various countries so as to make us have a wiser point of view in seeing diversity in religion.
Lambang “Dewate Nawesange†sebagai gambaran visual 9 dewa manifestasi Ide Sang Hyang Widhi yang mengusai sembilan penjuru mataangin merupakan bagian dari nilai ajaran Agama Hindu. Oleh umat Hindu ...di Bali lambang tersebut termasuk di sakralkan dan digunakan sebagai sarana/prasarana upacara serta wujudnya dibuat dalam bentuk relief, gambar (kober, umbul-umbul), “sate gelar sangeâ€. Kajian visual lambang Dewate Nawesange tersebut ada kesamaan serta kuat dugaan telah terjadi akulturasi dengan lambang Surya Majapahit Trowulan Jawa Timur. Para ahli menyebut gambar lambang Surya Majapahit yang tersimpan di Musium Trowulan tersebut sebagai lambang dari kerajaan Majapahit. Fokus pembahasan: bagaimana bisa terjadi kemiripan atau kesamaan bentuk visual antara lambang Surya Majapahit dengan lambang “Dewate Nawesangeâ€?. Tujuan: mendiskripsikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadi kemiripan atau kesamaan bentuk visual antara lambang Surya Majapahit dengan lambang Dewate Nawesange. Metode penelitian: deskriptif kualitatif menguraikan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadi kesamaan dari dua lambang tersebut, dengan kajian teori semiotik, teori etnografi, ikonografi, dan teori pertukaran sosial. Sumber data: dokumen lambang Surya Majapahit yang ada di Musium Trowulan dan lambang “dewate nawesange†yang berkembang di Bali. Hasil kajian dan analisis lambang Surya Majapahit dan lambang Dewate Nawesange ditemukan telah terjadi akulturasi ajaran “sekte-sekte†di Bali dengan lambang Surya Majapahit. Temuan: lambang â€dewate nawesange†sebagai bentuk akulturasi dari nilai ajaran “sekte-sekte†di Bali terjadi pada saat kekuasaan kerajaan Majapahit.
The Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements offers a multinational study of Islam, its variants, influences, and neighbouring movements, from a multidisciplinary range of scholars. These chapters ...highlight the diversity of Islam, especially in its contemporary manifestations, as a religion of many communities, theologies, and ideologies. Over five sections—on Sunni, Shia, Sufi, fundamentalist, and fringe Islamic movements—the authors provide historical overviews, analyses, and in-depth studies of large and small Islamic and related groups from all around the world. The contents of this volume will be of interest to both newcomers to the study of Islam and established scholars of religion who wish to engage with the dynamic label of Islam and the many impactful movements of the Islamic world.
The Emerging Church movement developed in the mid-1990s among primarily white, urban, middle-class pastors and laity who were disenchanted with America's conservative Evangelical sub-culture. It is a ...response to the increasing divide between conservative Evangelicals and concerned critics who strongly oppose what they consider overly slick, corporate, and consumerist versions of faith. A core feature of their response is a challenge to traditional congregational models, often focusing on new church plants and creating networks of related house churches.Drawing on three years of ethnographic fieldwork, James S. Bielo explores the impact of the Emerging Church movement on American Evangelicals. He combines ethnographic analysis with discussions of the movement's history, discursive contours, defining practices, cultural logics, and contentious interactions with conservative Evangelical critics to rethink the boundaries of Evangelical as a category. Ultimately, Bielo makes a novel contribution to our understanding of the important changes at work among American Protestants, and illuminates how Emerging Evangelicals interact with the cultural conditions of modernity, late modernity, and visions of postmodern Christianity.
AbstractReligious harmony considers good for the development of any sovereign country, in which different schools of thoughts/sects play a vital role in society. Some namely scholars in different ...religious sects of Islam such as Sunni (Wahhabi, Deobandi, Ahl-e-Hadith and Baralvi) Shia are involving in supporting of sectarianism violence and also destroying the peaceful image of the country from last three decades. Sectarianism conflict is a big hindrance for the development of religious affairs and economy of the country. This study will highlight the role of religious sects and effects on the natives of the country. How sectarianisms destroyed the peaceful image of Pakistan in the world under the shadows of Islam. This cross sectional study of Three month duration which conducted from the present and pass out students of modern educational institutions and religious Madrassa from Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Sindh, Baluchistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir. For better results of the study, 400 respondents (male and female) selected and analyzed data. As per survey results and primary findings, sectarianism is a bad curse which destroyed the gross-roots of the natives of country religiously, economically and politically for last many years.AbstrakKerukunan umat beragama dianggap baik bagi perkembangan negara berdaulat, berbagai aliran pemikiran/sekte berperan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Sehingga ada beberapa cendikiawan yang berbeda seperti Sunni (Wahhabi, Deobandi, Ahl-e-Hadits dan Baralvi) Syiah terlibat dalam mendukung kekerasan sektarianisme yang menghancurkan citra damai negara dari tiga dekade terakhir. Konflik sektarianisme adalah penghalang besar bagi perkembangan urusan agama dan ekonomi negara. Studi ini akan menyoroti peran sekte dan efek agama pada penduduk asli negara itu. Bagaimana sektarianisme menghancurkan citra damai Pakistan di dunia di bawah bayang-bayang Islam. Studi cross sectional ini berdurasi tiga bulan yang dilakukan dari sekarang dan lulus siswa dari lembaga pendidikan modern dan madrasah agama dari Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Sindh, Baluchistan dan Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Untuk hasil penelitian yang lebih baik, 400 responden (pria dan wanita) memilih dan menganalisis data. Sesuai hasil survei dan temuan utama, sektarianisme adalah kutukan buruk yang menghancurkan akar-akar kasar penduduk asli negara secara agama, ekonomi dan politik selama beberapa tahun terakhir.How to Cite: Hamza, M., Shams, S. (2019). Religious Sectarianism Destroying the Peaceful Image of Islamic Country: A Case Study of Pakistan. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 6(2), 220-232. doi:10.15408/tjems.v6i2.14961.
One route to understanding the nature of specifically religious violence is the study of past conflicts. Distinguished ancient historian Brent D. Shaw provides a new analysis of the intense sectarian ...battles between the Catholic and Donatist churches of North Africa in late antiquity, in which Augustine played a central role as Bishop of Hippo. The development and deployment of images of hatred, including that of the heretic, the pagan, and the Jew, and the modes by which these were most effectively employed, including the oral world of the sermon, were critical to promoting acts of violence. Shaw explores how the emerging ecclesiastical structures of the Christian church, on one side, and those of the Roman imperial state, on the other, interacted to repress or excite violent action. Finally, the meaning and construction of the acts themselves, including the Western idea of suicide, are shown to emerge from the conflict itself.
The Demise of Religion Stausberg, Michael; Cusack, Carole M; Wright, Stuart A
2020, 2020-12-10
eBook
Open access
Why do religions fail or die? Taking a multidisciplinary approach, this open access book explores this important question that has received little scholarly attention to date. International ...contributors provide case studies from the United States, England, Sweden, Japan, New Guinea, and France resulting in a work that explores processes of attenuation, disintegration, transmutation, death, and extinction across cultures. These include: instances where mass suicides or homicides resulted in religious dissolution; the fall of Mars Hills Church and its larger-than-life megachurch pastor, accused of plagiarism and bullying in 2012; the death of the last member of the Panacea Society in England in 2012; and the disintegration of Knutby Filadelfia, a religious community in Sweden with Pentecostal roots that ceased to exist in May 2018 after a pastor shot his wife. Combining case studies and theoretical contributions, The Demise of Religion: How Religions End, Die, or Dissipate fills a gap in literature to date and paves the way for future research The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 license on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Centre for Advanced Study at theNorwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
Drawing on historical evidence and the Islamic instructions, Sectarianism in Islam: Power, Tribalism and Commercial Interests provides readers with the knowledge needed to recognize that sectarianism ...is and has long been an effective instrument for manipulation, endorsed and utilized by powerful players. The book is a careful reflection on and exploration of a subject that has fundamentally changed the course of action for various political and ambitious actors. The book challenges readers to place events in their historical and social contexts, without ignoring the existing political maneuvers. Furthermore, it underscores the power of the mind in the rise of Islamic civilization. The author provides powerful arguments essential for understanding the interplay of various actors who have exploited sectarianism to enhance their positions and achieve their goals. Several evolutionary stages of sectarianism are identified. Though tribal conflicts took place before the inception of Islam, after the rise of Islam rivals projected themselves as religiously motivated. In recent years, two powerful players have espoused contradictory allegiances, which have further divided the Muslim world. The book, in fact, shows that the past and the present are alive and that they profoundly shape the memories of various communities today, and possibly for many decades to come. Sectarianism in Islam: Power, Tribalism and Commercial Interests challenges you to let go of common myths, assumptions and uninformed beliefs that have been treated as given facts. The book addresses certain difficulties and setbacks that are pressing social and political actors to shoulder their responsibilities in the face of misconstruction and destructive strategies that have led to tragic events. Indeed, the book is not only a relevant work of scholarship, but it is also a practical call to enhance civility in conduct and circumvent pointless conflicts.
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