Presents a collection of abstracts for Volume 10, Issue 3 edition of Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Meta-analytic methods were used to analyze 179 effect sizes retrieved from 32 research reports on the implications that sexual minority stress may have for same-sex relationship well-being. Sexual ...minority stress (aggregated across different types of stress) is moderately and negatively associated with same-sex relationship well-being (aggregated across different dimensions of relationship well-being). Internalized homophobia is significantly and negatively associated with same-sex relationship well-being, whereas heterosexist discrimination and sexual orientation visibility management are not. Moreover, the effect size for internalized homophobia is significantly larger than those for heterosexist discrimination and sexual orientation visibility management. Sexual minority stress is significantly and negatively associated with same-sex relationship quality but not associated with closeness or stability. Sexual minority stress is significantly and negatively associated with relationship well-being among same-sex female couples but not among same-sex male couples. The current status of research approaches in this field is also summarized and discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, INZLJ, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
This collection of original essays will unravel the current heterosexual scene in two parts: one on rights and privileges, the other on popular culture. Topics covered include weddings, proms, ...citizenship, marriage penalties, cartoons, mermaids and myth.
Objective: Although structural stigma (i.e., discriminatory laws, policies, and community attitudes) toward sexual minorities predicts adverse health and wellbeing, this association has typically ...only been examined within a single country and potential mechanisms remain unknown. Consequently, we examined the association between structural stigma and sexual minorities' life satisfaction across 28 countries, identity concealment as a potential mechanism of this association, and, in high-stigma countries, the potential for concealment to protect sexual minorities from discrimination and victimization, and therefore even poorer life satisfaction than they would otherwise experience in those countries. Method: Sexual minority adults (n = 85,582) from 28 European countries responded to questions regarding sexual minority stigma, identity concealment, and life satisfaction. Structural stigma was assessed as national laws, policies, and attitudes affecting sexual minorities in each country. Results: Country-level structural stigma explained 60% of country-level variation in life satisfaction and more than 70% of country-level variation in sexual orientation concealment. Sexual orientation concealment mediated the association between structural stigma and life satisfaction. Especially in high-stigma countries, concealment also protected against even lower life satisfaction than would be experienced if a sexual minority individual did not conceal in those countries because it partially protected against discrimination and victimization. Conclusions: Sexual minorities' life satisfaction varies greatly across countries largely due to the structural stigma of those countries and associated demands to conceal one's sexual orientation. Findings highlight the importance of reducing structural stigma to promote equitable life satisfaction and tailoring affirmative psychotherapies to address the structural context surrounding sexual minorities who seek treatment.
What is the public health significance of this article?
This study highlights the strong role of structural stigma and associated demands to conceal one's sexual identity as key determinants of sexual minorities' life satisfaction internationally. In highly stigmatizing countries, the majority of sexual minorities conceal their sexual orientation from most others, which partially protects against discrimination and victimization but can also compromise life satisfaction.
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Objective:
To describe in what forms, with whom, where, when, and why Canadians experience sexual orientation and gender identity and expression change efforts (SOGIECE).
Methods:
This qualitative ...study is grounded in a transformative paradigm. We conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 22 adults recruited from across Canada who have experienced “conversion therapy.” Directed content analysis was used, employing deductive and inductive coding approaches, to synthesize the findings and address 5 policy-relevant questions.
Results:
What are SOGIECE? Formal and informal methods of SOGIECE were used, including pharmacologic interventions, denial of gender-affirming care, and coaching to repress sexual orientation and/or gender identity and expression. With whom did SOGIECE occur? Practitioners included religious leaders, licenced health-care professionals (e.g., psychiatrists and psychologists), peers, and family members. Where did SOGIECE occur? SOGIECE occurred in 3 predominant settings: faith-based, health care, and social life. When did SOGIECE occur? SOGIECE rarely occurred over a restricted time frame; often, SOGIECE began while participants were adolescents or young adults and continued multiple years under various forms. Others described SOGIECE as a context in which their life was embedded for many years. Why did people attend SOGIECE? Cisheteronormative social and religious expectations taught participants that being non-cisgender or non-heterosexual was incompatible with living a good and respectable life.
Conclusions:
SOGIECE are not a circumscribed set of practices. Our study shows that SOGIECE are a larger phenomenon that consists of intentional and explicit change efforts as well as heterosexual- and cisgender-dominant social norms expressed and enforced across a wide range of settings and circumstances. This study provides critical context to inform contemporary social and health policy responses to SOGIECE. Policies should account for the overt, covert, and insidious ways that SOGIECE operate in order to effectively promote safety, equity, and health for sexually diverse and gender-diverse people.
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In this review article, human asexuality, a relatively understudied phenomenon, is discussed. Specifically, definitions and conceptualizations of asexuality (e.g., is it a unique category of sexual ...orientation?), biological and historical contexts, identity issues, discrimination against asexual people relative to other minorities, origins, and variations, including gender differences, are reviewed. Whether asexuality should be construed as a disorder is also discussed. The study of asexuality allows for a better understanding of an underrecognized sexual minority but also affords a unique opportunity to examine and better understand human sexuality.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IJS, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
In Bodies That Matter, renowned theorist and philosopher Judith Butler argues that theories of gender need to return to the most material dimension of sex and sexuality: the body. Butler offers a ...brilliant reworking of the body, examining how the power of heterosexual hegemony forms the "matter" of bodies, sex, and gender. Butler argues that power operates to constrain sex from the start, delimiting what counts as a viable sex. She clarifies the notion of "performativity" introduced in Gender Trouble and via bold readings of Plato, Irigaray, Lacan, and Freud explores the meaning of a citational politics. She also draws on documentary and literature with compelling interpretations of the film Paris is Burning, Nella Larsen's Passing, and short stories by Willa Cather.
This study tested the mechanisms by which social stigma contributes to psychological distress in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. A large community sample (
N
= 4248,
M
age = 29.9 years, ...42.9% female, 57.1% male, 35.7% bisexual, 64.3% lesbian/gay, 9.9% non-white) was recruited using targeted and general advertisements for an online cross-sectional survey. Participants completed measures of childhood gender nonconformity, prejudice events, victimization, microaggressions, sexual orientation concealment, sexual orientation disclosure, expectations of rejection, self-stigma, rumination, and distress. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between these variables in a model based upon minority stress theory and the integrative mediation framework with childhood gender nonconformity as the initial independent variable and distress (depression, anxiety, and well-being) as the final dependent variable. The results broadly support the hypothesized model. The final model had good fit
χ
2
(37) = 440.99,
p
< .001, TLI = .96, CFI = .98, RMSEA = .05 .05, .06 and explained 50.2% of the variance in psychological distress and 24.8% in rumination. Sexual orientation and gender had moderating effects on some individual paths. Results should be considered in the context of the cross-sectional nature of the data, which prevented tests of causality, and self-report measures used, which are vulnerable to bias. Findings indicate strong relationships between minority stressors and psychological distress in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, which are partially accounted for by rumination. These results may inform the development of interventions that address the added burden of minority stress among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.
Background
Sexual minority women (SMW) are at increased risk of elevated body mass index (BMI) compared to heterosexual women, increasing their vulnerability to chronic diseases. Nonmonosexual SMW ...appear to be at additional risk for elevated BMI, likely due to unique sexual minority stressors.
Methods
A total of 437 SMW and heterosexual women completed a cross‐sectional, online survey including self‐report measures of sexual orientation dimensions, weight, psychological distress, and eating behaviors. We investigated relations among these variables to better understand disparities in self‐reported BMI based on sexual orientation and sexual orientation discordance (SOD).
Results
SMW self‐reported more psychological distress, more binge eating, and higher BMIs than their heterosexual peers, with nonmonosexual groups of SMW often reporting the highest values. SOD was positively associated with psychological distress.
Conclusions
SMW—particularly nonmonosexual SMW—are at increased risk for psychological distress, binge eating, and elevated BMI relative to heterosexual peers. Future research should further elucidate mechanisms for these disparities.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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