Minority groups have long been underrepresented in politics. Support for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights and the incidence of LGBT candidates have dramatically increased in ...recent years. But do voters (still) penalize LGT candidates? We conducted original survey experiments with nationally representative samples in the United States, United Kingdom, and New Zealand. To varying degrees voters penalize LGT candidates in all countries, with penalties strongest in the United States. Yet, progressives, people with LGBT friends, and nonreligious individuals do not discriminate against gays and lesbians, while transgender candidates face stronger bias. Electability concerns, outright prejudice, and identity cueing (i.e., LGT candidates seen as more liberal) explain voter bias. This study contributes to the literature on minority candidates and disentangles correlated candidate attributes, exploring the intersectionality of bias. Understanding the barriers to the election of LGT people is crucial to improve the representation of marginalized communities.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Efforts to characterize healthcare professional students' lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) cultural competency are necessary to recommend educational initiatives. Very few studies have ...evaluated LGBT cultural competency across multiple healthcare disciplines, and no known studies have included students of other healthcare disciplines such as occupational therapy, pharmacy, physical therapy, and physician assistant. Healthcare professional students (N = 1701) at three universities across the United States completed a survey consisting of demographics, experiential variables (i.e., LGBT patients and LGBT curricular hours), and the 7-point Likert LGBT-Development of Clinical Skills Scale (LGBT-DOCSS). LGBT-DOCSS scores, annual LGBT patients, and annual LGBT curricular hours were compared across healthcare disciplines. While students reported very high Attitudinal Awareness (M = 6.48, SD = 0.92), they endorsed moderate Basic Knowledge (M = 5.54, SD = 1.16) and low Clinical Preparedness (M = 3.78, SD = 1.28). After controlling for several demographic and experiential variables, there were significant differences among healthcare disciplines on LGBT-DOCSS scores, with social work students reporting the highest on all scores, and dental students reporting the lowest on all scores except Clinical Preparedness. There were also significant differences among healthcare disciplines on annual LGBT patients mean range: 0.57 (dental) to 7.59 (physician assistant) and annual LGBT curricular hours mean range: 0.51 (occupational therapy) to 5.64 (social work). Experiential variables were significant predictors for Overall LGBT-DOCSS, Clinical Preparedness, and Basic Knowledge (all p < 0.001); LGBT patients was also a significant predictor for Attitudinal Awareness (p < 0.05). Taken together, significant differences in LGBT cultural competency exist across healthcare disciplines, which may result from inadequate experiences with LGBT patients and LGBT curricular education. Future efforts should consider increasing LGBT patient contact hours and LGBT formal education hours to enhance healthcare students' LGBT cultural competency.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
This study examined how preparation for ethnic and sexual orientation bias uniquely and collectively contributes to ethnic identity and sexual orientation identity development among Latinx ...sexual minority youth (SMY).
Background
Theories indicate that parental socialization strategies are associated with youth's development, yet no studies have examined how multiple forms of socialization are uniquely and collectively associated with youth's identity development.
Method
Hypotheses were tested using self‐reported data from 385 Latinx SMY (M = 20.26, SD = 2.6).
Results
Preparation for ethnic bias was negatively associated with ethnic identity affirmation but positively associated with ethnic identity exploration and resolution. Preparation for sexual orientation bias was negatively associated with ethnic identity exploration, resolution, and affirmation, as well as sexual orientation identity resolution and affirmation, but not exploration. Several interactions emerged between preparation for ethnic bias and sexual orientation bias predicting ethnic and sexual orientation identity.
Conclusion
Findings suggest that preparation for bias related to ethnicity and sexual orientation are interconnected, rather than independently shaping ethnic and sexual orientation identities development among SMY.
Implications
Additional studies are needed to understand the impacts of family socialization related to ethnicity and sexuality to optimize identity development among Latinx SMY.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aimed to investigate the impact of an educational program developed for nursing students to evaluate their knowledge of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community, their ...reproductive health and recording their reproductive history. The program aimed to assess the effective communication skills and attitudes of nursing students toward LGBT individuals after completion of the program.
Issues related to the reproductive health of LGBT individuals are not adequately addressed in the nursing curriculum. Innovative approaches using active learning methods will increase the knowledge and skills of the students regarding LGBT reproductive health and help them gain positive attitudes toward LGBT individuals.
A quasi-experimental (single group pretest-posttest) design.
This study was conducted with 48 students in the 4th year in the Spring semester of the Academic year 2020–2021 at the Faculty of Nursing in a university. The eight-week education program included a discussion of modules developed for the reproductive health of LGBT individuals, film display and analysis, sample video display and analysis, role-play activities and standardized patient interviews. The research data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, Information Evaluation Test for LGBT Individuals, Attitude Scale Toward LGBTI Individuals, Reproductive Health History Taking Skills Checklist, Effective Communication Skills Evaluation Form and Student Satisfaction Evaluation Form. The data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage distributions and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
The study identified a significant increase in the median students' knowledge about LGBT individuals (p < 0.001), a substantial positive development in their attitudes toward LGBT individuals (p < 0.001) and a significant increase in the median scores of effective communication with LGBT individuals and recording the reproductive health history (p < 0.001) at the end of the education program.
The education program resulted in positive knowledge, attitude and skill changes in the nursing students supporting the reproductive health of LGBT individuals. Education programs based on LGBT reproductive health using active learning methods should be integrated into undergraduate nursing curricula to combat disparities toward LGBT individuals.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Previous research has identified differences in language use between speakers representing different genders and sexual orientations, as well as stereotypical beliefs about the existence of ...such differences. The present paper investigates such stereotypical beliefs among speakers of two varieties of Spanish and explores whether linguistic stereotypes of gender and sexual orientation are stronger in a society with more conservative gender roles. We conducted an experiment where 252 speakers of European and Mexican Spanish were shown pairs of texts and sentences depicting the same event but differing in the use of morphosyntactic resources, creating stereotypically “masculine” and “feminine” variants of the same text or sentence. The informants were asked which of the variants was more likely uttered by a woman (rather than a man), a lesbian woman (rather than a straight woman), or a gay man (rather than a straight man). Some of the morphosyntactic features were strongly associated with speaker gender (e.g., use of first- and second-person singular) and others with lesbian (e.g., use of impersonal structures) or gay speakers (e.g., direct reported speech). Contrary to expectations, the responses did not differ according to informants’ age, gender, or nationality. While the present study did not reveal any differences between the two societies, more cross-linguistic and cultural research is needed to elucidate the effect of society on morphosyntactic variation and stereotypes thereof.
Decades of research have enhanced our understanding of the psychological impact of sexual victimization, including risk factors through which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) manifests. Research ...on sexual assault and PTSD predominately reflects the experience of heterosexual women, yet sexual minorities are both at increased risk of sexual assault and suffer greater negative health outcomes from it. In these cases, PTSD is linked to a clearly identifiable cause, thereby making it possible to identify individuals at risk, enhance interventions immediately following the traumatic event, and offer services to mitigate further harm. This narrative review explores the potential risk factors for PTSS and PTSD among individuals who experience sexual assault and identify as a sexual minority. Knowledge of these compounding risk factors among service providers will assist in obtaining sexual assault disclosures in a sensitive and supportive manner, leading to the provision of early interventions to mitigate the risks of developing PTSD following sexual assault. The findings suggest that empirical investigation is urgently required to develop evidence-informed practices in providing targeted interventions for sexual and gender minorities following a sexual assault and mitigating further adverse health outcomes.
Using data from a regional census of high school students, we have documented the prevalence of cyberbullying and school bullying victimization and their associations with psychological distress.
In ...the fall of 2008, 20,406 ninth- through twelfth-grade students in MetroWest Massachusetts completed surveys assessing their bullying victimization and psychological distress, including depressive symptoms, self-injury, and suicidality.
A total of 15.8% of students reported cyberbullying and 25.9% reported school bullying in the past 12 months. A majority (59.7%) of cyberbullying victims were also school bullying victims; 36.3% of school bullying victims were also cyberbullying victims. Victimization was higher among nonheterosexually identified youths. Victims report lower school performance and school attachment. Controlled analyses indicated that distress was highest among victims of both cyberbullying and school bullying (adjusted odds ratios AORs were from 4.38 for depressive symptoms to 5.35 for suicide attempts requiring medical treatment). Victims of either form of bullying alone also reported elevated levels of distress.
Our findings confirm the need for prevention efforts that address both forms of bullying and their relation to school performance and mental health.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Introduction
Bisexual individuals experience discrimination both from heterosexual individuals and from the Lesbian and Gay (LG) community. This double discrimination affects their mental health. ...This study aimed to explore the relationship between binegativity (from heterosexual and LB individuals) and internalized binegativity and symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as the mediating role of social support. The second purpose was to explore whether these variables could predict the symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Methods
A sample of 110 bisexual individuals (77.3% cisgender women,
M
age
= 25.2) completed self-report measures.
Results
Most participants reported being discriminated against by heterosexual (93.2%) and LG (81.8%) individuals. However, they perceived and experienced higher discrimination from heterosexual people. The majority experienced internalized binegativity. As hypothesized, heterosexual discrimination predicted depressive and anxiety symptoms. Contrary to expectations, discrimination from the LG community and internalized binegativity did not predict symptoms, although bivariate correlations showed a positive relationship. Social support was a moderator of symptoms of depression, but not of anxiety.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the impact of binegativity on the mental health of bisexual individuals and the importance of social support.
Policy implications
Our results provide practitioners and policymakers with evidence of the effects of discrimination experienced by bisexual individuals. Educational campaigns and public awareness programs are needed to foster a more inclusive and accepting society.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Discriminatory practices against minority populations are prominent, especially in the workplace. In particular, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ+) individuals ...experience several barriers and stressors more often than individuals who do not identify as LGBTQ+. Mistreatment is common among these individuals in their personal and professional lives. However, representation and perceptions of discrimination and bullying among attendings, residents, medical students, and other professionals who identify as LGBTQ+ and are "out" (openly acknowledging and expressing one's sexual orientation or gender identity) is seldom studied in orthopaedic surgery.
(1) How often are orthopaedic trainees and professionals who identify as LGBTQ+ out in their workplaces? (2) What proportion of these individuals report experiencing discrimination, bullying, or differential treatment? (3) Is there regional variation in these reported experiences of bullying and discriminatory behaviors by orthopaedic trainees and professionals in the LGBTQ+ community?
Individuals registering for Pride Ortho, a community of LGBTQ+ individuals and their allies established in 2021 to provide mentorship, networking, and a sense of community among its members, completed an internet-based survey developed by organization leadership. A total of 156 individuals registering for the Pride Ortho community were eligible to participate in the internet-based survey. In all, 92% (144 of 156) fully completed the survey, 6% (10 of 156) partially completed it, and 1% (2 of 156) did not complete any part of the survey. Most respondents (64% 100 of 156) identified as being LGBTQ+, with 77 members at the attending level of their careers. More than half of LGBTQ+ members (56% 56 of 100) identified as cisgender women (individuals who identify as women and who were born female). Demographic information was privately collected and deidentified, and included sex assigned at birth, gender expression or identity (the social constructed role that an individual chooses to inhabit, regardless of that individual's assigned sex at birth), sexual orientation, self-identified race, location, level of training, and orthopaedic subspecialty.
Ninety-four percent (94 of 100) of LGBTQ+ respondents reported being out at their workplace, with nearly one-third of respondents indicating they were only partially out. Most (74% 74 of 100) respondents reported either "yes" or "maybe" to perceived experiences of bullying, discrimination, or being treated differently. All individuals who partially completed the survey were straight or heterosexual and did not answer or answered "not applicable" to being out in their workplace. These individuals also all answered "no" to experiencing bullying, discrimination, or being treated differently. There was no geographic variation in reported experiences of bullying and discriminatory behaviors by orthopaedic trainees and professionals.
Most LGBTQ+ orthopaedic trainees and professionals are out in their workplaces, although they report experiencing discrimination and bullying more than do non-LGBTQ+ individuals. Bullying and discrimination can deter individuals from beginning and completing their training in orthopaedic surgery. We recommend that orthopaedic institutions not only enforce existing antidiscrimination legal mandates but also increase the visibility of LGBTQ+ faculty and residents. This effort should include the implementation of diversity and sensitivity training programs, strengthened by a structured process of monitoring, reporting, and integrating feedback from all members in the workplace to continuously refine policy adherence and identify the root cause of the reported perceptions of bullying and discrimination.
To deepen our understanding of the experiences faced by sexual and gender minorities in orthopaedic surgery settings, it is crucial to quantify reports of perceived bullying and discrimination. Addressing these issues is key to creating a more diverse and empathetic workforce within orthopaedic institutions, which in turn can lead to improved patient care and a better work environment. Recognizing and understanding the specific contexts of these experiences is an essential starting point for developing a truly inclusive environment for both trainees and attending physicians.
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