Environmental pollution has harmful effects on human health, particularly the respiratory system. We aimed to study the impact of daily ambient air pollution on daily emergency room visits for acute ...respiratory symptoms. This study was conducted in two tertiary respiratory care centres in Delhi, India. Daily counts of emergency room visits were collected. All patients attending the emergency room were screened for acute onset (less than 2 weeks) of respiratory symptoms and were recruited if they were staying in Delhi continuously for at least 4 weeks and having onset (≤2 weeks) of respiratory symptoms. Daily average air pollution data for the study period was obtained from four continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations. A total of 61,285 patients were screened and 11,424 were enrolled from June 2017 to February 2019. Cough and difficulty in breathing were most common respiratory symptoms. Poor air quality was observed during the months of October to December. Emergency room visits with acute respiratory symptoms significantly increased per standard deviation increase in PM10 from lag days 2-7. Increase in wheezing was primarily seen with increase in NO2. Pollutant levels have effect on acute respiratory symptoms and thus influence emergency room visits. *** *Appendix Authors list Kamal Singhal,1 Kana Ram Jat,2 Karan Madan,3 Mohan P. George,4 Kalaivani Mani,5 Randeep Guleria,3 Ravindra Mohan Pandey,5 Rupinder Singh Dhaliwal,6 Rakesh Lodha,2 Varinder Singh1 1Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India 2Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 3Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 4Department of Environment, Delhi Pollution Control Committee, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India 5Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 6Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
To investigate awareness of short‐term and long‐term consequences of alcohol use among a sample of Australian adult drinkers. Demographic correlates of the awareness of each consequence were also ...explored.
Participants aged 18–45 years (n=1,061; mean age=33.2 years) drawn from an online panel completed a web‐based survey assessing demographics, awareness of alcohol warning labels, and awareness of seven short‐term and 12 long‐term consequences of alcohol use.
The level of awareness of short‐ and long‐term consequences ranged from 16% (breast cancer) to 69% (low coordination and slower reflexes). The study found consistent differences in awareness of consequences by gender, with some differences for specific consequences by age, education, SES, rurality and awareness of alcohol warning labels.
Most consumers lack a sufficient understanding of the potential consequences of alcohol use. Particular subgroups of drinkers may not equate drinking with negative consequences.
Front‐of‐label alcohol warnings on all products and public health and education campaigns presenting messages targeting subgroups of drinkers could increase awareness of short‐ and long‐term negative health and social effects of alcohol use.
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This paper models a hypothetical Apophis asteroid impact on an chosen deep ocean point on the globe. To assess the potential vulnerabilities of an exposed coast population, the impact effects were ...assessed as a function of the distance to the asteroid’s impact point as well as altitude for the tsunami case. All the tools and models used are valid and can be implemented for any other point on the Earth’s surface. The impact modelling includes the analysis of cratering formation, generated earthquake, overpressure, ejected material, generated thermal radiation and tsunami, as well as the global geophysical effects of the impact. The vulnerability models entail best, expected, and worst case scenarios, which allows a reasonable range of results. As the impact occurs in the ocean, and if its a great distance away from populated areas, the population is safeguarded from most of the impact effects. The tsunami is undoubtedly the most far-reaching and threatening impact effect from an asteroid impact on the ocean.
•Apophis asteroid impact modelling, energy modelling.•Impact effects assessment.•Vulnerability analysis.
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The subject matter of this paper are the short-term and long-term consequences of Brexit, a historical event and a turning point in the development of the European Union (EU), as well as for the ...United Kingdom (UK) and the EU competition law and policy. The article first provides a comparative analysis of the historical development of legal regulation of competition in the UK and the EU, including relevant cases from the practice of competition authorities. In particular, the authors focus on the decisions of the European Commission regarding anti-cartel policy. The article further examines to what extent Brexit will influence the mergers and acquisitions policy, anti-trust policy, anti-cartel policy, and state aid policy in the UK and the EU. The central question refers to the extent of Brexit’s influence on the change of the UK and the EU business environment, and the repercussions that this change will have for the competition law. In the concluding remarks, the authors discuss the direction of future development of the UK competition law, particularly in terms of whether and to what extent the UK law will be harmonized with the EU competition law and case law in this area, or whether there will be a radical turn towards adopting a completely new concept of competition law and policy.
Background: The goal of neonatal resuscitation is to prevent death and further complications, reestablish spontaneous respiration, and achieve sufficient cardiac output. Inappropriate or wrong ...resuscitation will result in the death of neonates or long-term side effects. The present study was performed to compare the effects of video-recorded debriefing and neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) workshops on the short-term outcomes and quality of neonatal resuscitation.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study with three groups, 90 cases of neonatal resuscitation were videotaped at the delivery and operating rooms of Omolbanin Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. This research was conducted within three periods. In the first stage, 30 resuscitation cases were recorded as the control group. In the second stage, all the members of the resuscitation teams participated in the training workshops, and in the third stage, they participated in the debriefing sessions. The data were analyzed by the Chi-square and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software (version 16).
Results: The results of this study showed that the debriefing method significantly improved short-term outcomes, such as the length of pulse improvement, and time to breathe spontaneously, returning duration of neonate's color to the natural state, and resuscitation quality (P<0.001). Also, the mean of Apgar scores in 1, 5, and 10 min increased in the debriefing group, compared to those reported for other groups; however, these changes were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, despite the fact that educational workshops were held, new methods, such as debriefing, play an important role in improving the knowledge and skills of people who are involved in the resuscitation of newborns.
Should future nutritional recommendations for the general population take into account the notion of glycaemic index (GI)? This question is all the more legitimate as the glycaemic response to foods ...seems to be a factor that affects satiety and could therefore affect food intake. The aim of this review was to evaluate whether altering the glycaemic response
per se can modulate satiety and to assess the short-term and long-term consequences. A systematic review of human intervention studies was performed. Confounding factors that may influence both GI and satiety were taken into consideration when selecting the studies. Thirty-two studies were thus selected and analysed. There is evidence from the short-term studies (⩽1 day) that low-glycaemic foods or meals have higher satietogenic effect than high-glycaemic foods or meals. This substantiates claims such as ‘
low-GI foods help one to feel fuller for longer than equivalent high-GI foods’. The mechanisms involved may be the specific effect of blood glucose levels on satiety (glucostatic theory) and other stimuli (e.g. peptides) involved in the control of appetite. In some studies, however it seems difficult to tease out the separate effect of the lowering of postprandial glycaemia
per se and fibres. Because of the increasing number of confounding variables in the available long-term studies, it is not possible to conclude that low-glycaemic diets mediate a health benefit based on body weight regulation. The difficulty of demonstrating the long-term health benefit of a satietogenic food or diet may constitute an obstacle to the recognition of associated claims.
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The Holodomor of the early 1930s had a huge impact on the development of the USSR and its constituent republics. However, judging by the existing literature, the short- and long-term consequences of ...the famine are still not completely understood and have received insufficient attention from scholars. In Russian textbooks, for example, the famine question as a discrete, isolated subject is included in chapters devoted to Soviet agriculture of the 1930s. With this kind of approach, one cannot adequately assess either the great crisis of the early 1930s, at the heart of which lay the famine, or subsequent events. Adapted from the source document.
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The tradition of researching the catastrophic famine in Soviet Ukraine we call the Holodomor was launched and consolidated during the last years of Communist Party rule in Ukraine. The year 1990 saw ...the publication of a collection of documents entitled The Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine: Through the Eyes of Historians, in the Language of Documents. The second part of this collection contains unique and fundamentally important party documents on the Holodomor that had never been published before. Adapted from the source document.
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The Bolsheviks' political opponents rightly considered Lenin's April 1917 plan to build a 'commune state' Utopian. Although the leaders of the Bolshevik party did succeed in creating the state they ...imagined, they did so with the aid of terror and propaganda. Within two decades an artificial socioeconomic order was created in the Soviet Union that simulated the one described in the classic works of revolutionary Marxism. Adapted from the source document.
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The goal of this paper is to examine the anatomy and essence of the changes that were introduced to the nationality policy in Ukraine in 1933 as well as to determine its similarities to or ...differences from the nationality policy as implemented prior to the Holodomor. Particular attention is given to the actions of Joseph Stalin, Mykola Skrypnyk, and Pavel Postyshev that were implemented after the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolshevik) (CC AUCPb) issued the following two critical resolutions: 'On the State Grain Deliveries in Ukraine, the North Caucasus, and the Western Oblast' (approved 14 December 1932) and 'On the Strengthening of the Party Organizations of the CC CP(b)U' (approved 24 January 1933).1 In this paper I will also examine the degree to which Stalin influenced the CC CP(b)U resolutions in the sphere of the national question and personnel changes, and clarify the status of the Ukrainization policy in the Ukrainian SSR after the Holodomor of 1932-33. Adapted from the source document.
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