The reef fisheries in the Philippines are highly affected by various anthropogenic stressors including climate change, marine pollution and fish depletion arising from overfishing. There is a need ...for continuous monitoring of the fisheries to identify relevant factors that influence the economic and ecological vulnerability of fishers concerning climate change impacts. This study addressed the question: “What are the perceived impacts of climate change on small scale fisheries in relation to fishing communities in eastern Mindanao?” A combination of semi-structured survey of fishers in Cantilan and Mati (N = 222) and eight focus groups were used for data analysis to answer the question. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the number of factors examined, and multiple linear regression was used to examine the factors that influence the catch per unit effort of the fisheries. The fisheries factors examined include age, years fishing, years in community, worst, normal, and best catches, boat power, fishing cost and monthly income. In addition, the study examined various sources of vulnerabilities and climate change impacts to the fisheries. The results show that fishing costs, monthly income and weather and coral bleaching influenced the CPUE of the reef fisheries (df = 4, MS = 0.342, F = 5.23, P = 0.001). Past historical catches show that the reef fisheries reached its highest catches in the 1970s (131 kg/trip) and thereafter begun its decline to 14 kg/trip today. Management intervention involves non-fishing based-livelihoods, stricter law enforcement in the fishing grounds and other financial access given to fishers.
The fisheries in eastern Mindanao, particularly in Mati and Cantilan in this study faces multiple threats, and problems thereby making their livelihoods more vulnerable to climate change impacts. This research specifically addressed the question on “What are the perceived impacts of climate change to small scale fisheries in relation to fishing communities in eastern Mindanao?” The result of the survey which combined a semi-structured survey of fishers (N = 222) and eight focus groups extracted multiple variables that were assessed for climate change impacts. In terms of vulnerabilities, fishers have mentioned the following: hot summers, coral reef bleaching, increasing frequency of typhoons and flooding and decline of fish catch as becoming a common occurrence in their areas. Some of the problems that they mentioned include, lack of credit access, tourism, prostitution, solid waste management, water pollution, lack of enforcement, and too many fishers. Some of the perceived threats to their livelihood are illegal fishing, encroachment of commercial fishers and water pollution. For adaptation, they are either fishing part time due to declining catch and going into farming, construction or other livelihoods. Display omitted
•This study addressed the question: “What are the perceived impacts of climate change on small-scale fisheries in relation to fishing communities in eastern Mindanao?”.•The main sources of vulnerabilities are change in weather (warmer temperature), ecological (coral reef bleaching), and natural disasters (flooding).•The perceived impacts of climate change are invasive species, change in species distribution patterns and decline of catch abundance.•The results show that fishing costs, monthly income, weather and coral bleaching influenced the fishers' CPUE.•Management intervention involves non-fishing based livelihood and stricter law enforcement.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In 2000, longline fishing was banned inside the Galapagos Marine Reserve to prevent illegal fishing of sharks and bycatch of endangered, threatened, and protected (ETP) species. Despite local ...management institutions possess one of the most sophisticated control and surveillance systems in the Eastern Tropical Central Pacific, statistical and anecdotic evidence suggest the longline ban has been ineffective in eradicating illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing for the last two decades. This short communication examines the legal, institutional, and socio-economic factors that have prevented the effective implementation of the longline ban and proposes an ecosystem approach to fisheries to maintain bycatch mortality rates below biologically based limits, facilitating the recovery of ETP species while safeguarding a sustainable development of the Galapagos small-scale tuna fishery. Significant investments in science, technology, and innovation are necessary to encourage gradual and adaptive improvements in fishing practices to reduce IUU fishing and bycatch.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Increasing coral restoration efforts globally have been aimed at improving reef status and the ecosystem functions and services they provide, including enhancing reef fish communities and fisheries ...production on nearby reefs. However, empirical evidence showing the influence of coral restoration on fish stocks is limited. In Barangay Tondol, a small-scale fishing village in the northwestern Philippines, fisher knowledge and perception studies were completed through individual interviews to provide insights into the perceived impacts of local restoration efforts on coral reef conditions and fishery outputs. The influence of fishers' social demographics and fishery information to their held perceptions were also explored. Fishers’ responses showed a perceived decline in fish stocks over the last 5–10 years mainly attributed to overharvesting, and a slight improvement in coral reef condition due to a reduction in destructive fishing. Out of 53 fisher respondents, 72% were aware of coral restoration efforts in their area and held positive perceptions that theoretically, conducting coral restoration can improve their fish stocks and local reef conditions through the provision of habitat functions. Perceived actual effectiveness of the local efforts was also positive, but with a lower number of responses. Multiple hierarchical regression tests showed that, among social demographics, fishery information, and perceptions on fish stocks, perceived improvement in coral condition was associated with stronger support for coral restoration activities. These findings indicate that fishers perceive positive effects of coral restoration to local coral status and fisheries, and highlight the need for restoration practitioners to engage early on with key stakeholders to assess local fisheries status and local priorities to inform restoration strategies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We quantified bycatch rates and determined selection criteria of landed narrow‐clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) in Turkey's most crucial crayfish production centres in 2020 and 2021. ...Subsamples (6078 individuals) of catches from 225 commercial fishermen were compared to 4836 crayfish landed without selection criteria during research fishing. Selection criteria used by traders for crayfish in commercial fishing purchasing centres included: (i) undersized; (ii) dead; (iii) soft shells; (iv) missing extremities; (v) lesions; and (vi) covered with moss. Based on the selection criteria, 77.2% ± 4.1 (95% confidence interval: 68.4–86.0) of the commercial catch were removed from the production chain as landed bycatch. The bycatch rate was higher than the global marine bycatch rate (40.4%). New studies are needed to improve fyke net selectivity, reduce the bycatch rate (40.7%) of undersized individuals, and determine the fate of bycatch.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sharks and their cartilaginous relatives (Class Chondrichthyes, herein ‘sharks’) are one of the world's most threatened species groups. Their slow life history traits and vulnerability to capture ...make them particularly susceptible to overfishing, and they are widely caught in both target and by-catch fisheries. Fisheries management measures that can effectively reduce shark fishing mortality are urgently required to halt population declines and species extinctions. We provide an overview of typical measures for understanding and managing risks to sharks, and highlight critical gaps relating to incorporating socio-economic factors in to research and management. We argue that neglecting these factors hinders effective shark conservation, and has negative consequences for people. We emphasise the importance of a holistic approach, which explicitly considers socio-economic factors in decision-making. Based on this, we propose the first framework for assessing feasibility in a shark management context, which could be integrated with traditional fisheries risk assessments in order to bridge this gap. This framework considers key dimensions of the costs, benefits and overall enabling environment for shark management in a given fishery. Overall, managers and policy makers must consider socio-economic factors in shark conservation efforts to deliver better outcomes for sharks and people. Our simple feasibility framework can support this by enabling costs, benefits and context to be explicitly considered in planning and policy-making, alongside the typical biological and technical risks to sharks in fisheries.
•An overview of typical measures for managing risks to sharks is given.•Gaps relating to socio-economic aspects of management are highlighted.•Socio-economic complexities of managing shark fisheries are described.•Priorities for including socio-economic factors in decision-making are discussed.•A framework to assess feasibility in shark management planning is proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Fisheries provide nutrition and livelihoods for coastal populations, but many fisheries are fully or over‐exploited and we lack an approach for analysing which factors affect management tool ...performance. We conducted a literature review of 390 studies to assess how fisheries characteristics affected management tool performance across both small‐scale and large‐scale fisheries. We defined success as increased or maintained abundance or biomass, reductions in fishing mortality or improvements in population status. Because the literature only covered a narrow set of biological factors, we also conducted an expert elicitation to create a typology of broader fishery characteristics, enabling conditions and design considerations that affect performance. The literature suggested that the most commonly used management tool in a region was often the most successful, although the scale of success varied. Management tools were more often deemed successful when used in combination, particularly pairings of tools that controlled fishing mortality or effort with spatial management. Examples of successful combinations were the use of catch limits with quotas and limited entry, and marine protected areas with effort restrictions. The most common factors associated with inadequate biological performance were ‘structural’ issues, including poor design or implementation. The expert‐derived typologies revealed strong local leadership, high community involvement and governance capacity as common factors of success across management tool categories (i.e. input, output and technical measures), but the degree of importance varied. Our results are designed to inform selection of appropriate management tools based on empirical data and experience to increase the likelihood of successful fisheries management.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Views of management effectiveness in tropical reef fisheries McClanahan, Timothy R.; Darling, Emily S.; Mangubhai, Sangeeta ...
Fish and fisheries (Oxford, England),
September 2021, 2021-09-00, 20210901, 2021-09, Volume:
22, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The effectiveness and outcomes of management are expected to improve when people are informed, engaged and influential in governance and management procedures. The social‐ecological and demographic ...contexts should, however, influence an individual's perceptions and willingness to engage and access appreciable benefits from management. To evaluate how engagement, procedures and perceived outcomes varied with geographic and social‐ecological context, we asked 1582 heads‐of‐households in 38 fishing villages in four tropical countries to evaluate the benefits of their local fisheries management. Responses to 10 collective action, social performance and management procedure questions fell along three response axes, namely (a) the potential benefits of management, (b) resource status and the reliability of yields and (c) the respondents' ability to influence management decisions. Respondents were most positive about the organization of the existing management systems but more sceptical about their ability to influence decision‐making and subsequent yields and resource status. More frequent negative opinions increased with urbanization (distance to cities and population density), which could arise from challenges of group cohesion, local control and subsequent management efficacy. Consequently, we argue that some common rural, decentralized, or collective fisheries management systems are inappropriate for engaging participation in urban contexts. Across all locations, there is a need to increase participation with management decisions and actions, and to transparently evaluate and respond to resource and yield outcomes. Crafting recommendations appropriate for urban contexts will be increasingly relevant as urbanization and commercialized fisheries expand in tropical countries.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The role that women play in fisheries around the world is receiving increasing international attention yet the contributions by women to fisheries catches continues to be overlooked by society, ...industry and policy makers. Here, we address this lack of visibility with a global estimation of small-scale fisheries catches by women. Our estimates reveal that women participate in small-scale fishing activities in all regions of the world, with approximately 2.1 million (± 86,000) women accounting for roughly 11% (± 4%) of participants in small-scale fishing activities, i.e., catching roughly 2.9 million (± 835,000) tonnes per year of marine fish and invertebrates. The landed value of the catch by women is estimated at USD 5.6 billion (± 1.5 billion), with an economic impact of USD 14.8 billion per year (± 4 billion), which is equivalent to 25.6 billion real 2010 dollars (± 7.2 billion). These catches are mostly taken along the shoreline, on foot, or from small, non-motorized vessels using low-technology, low-emission gears in coastal waters. Catches taken by women are often for home consumption, and thus considered part of the subsistence sub-sector. However, in many contexts, women also sell a portion of their catch, generating income for themselves and their families. These findings underscore the significant role of women as direct producers in small-scale fisheries value chains, making visible contributions by women to food and livelihood security, globally.
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Based on in‐depth anthropological field research in rural Japan, this paper analyses the ongoing reform of Japanese fishery governance and its social and environmental justice implications, as ...globally proliferating discourses on the ‘blue economy’ and ‘blue growth’ are driving the enclosure of one of the last vestiges of natural resource commons in small‐scale fisheries. Coastal fisheries in Japan are often idealized as one of the last bastions of resource co‐management in an industrialized country, with local cooperatives collectively controlling territorial fishing rights. However, demographic change, declining profitability, and dwindling resource stocks are challenging their viability. Reform of the fishery law, designed to stimulate new growth and industrialization – particularly in aquaculture – includes the opening up of coastal fishery resources to corporate investors, the strengthening of top‐down regulation, and the introduction of individual fishing quotas (IQ). The desire to boost domestic seafood production also has to be seen within the context of the double anxiety of high dependency on international trade for foodstuff and of Japan's vanishing rurality. This emphasis on private capital and presupposed economic and scientific rationality builds on the same rationale of blue economy and blue growth discourses, which promise financial along with ecological returns on large‐scale investments in sustainable ocean economies. Growth‐oriented reform in Japan now imperils successful resource co‐management in coastal small‐scale fisheries. Its analysis therefore offers deeper insights into the transformative as well as dispossessive potential of the global paradigmatic shift towards an intensified industrial exploitation of the oceans. The question of social and environmental justice is central in the re‐allocation of access rights to ocean spaces and resources and the re‐arrangement of decision‐making processes in fishery governance, as local fishing communities face a very real threat of dispossession and disempowerment.
Short
Based on in‐depth anthropological field research in rural Japan, this contribution analyses the ongoing reform of Japanese fishery governance and its social and environmental justice implications. This growth‐oriented reform challenges successful resource co‐management in small‐scale fisheries by opening up coastal fishery resources to corporate investors and strengthening top‐down regulation. Its analysis therefore offers deeper insights into the transformative as well as dispossessive potential of the global paradigmatic shift towards an intensified industrial exploitation of the oceans against the background of globally proliferating discourses on ‘blue growth’ and the ‘blue economy.’
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
1. Globally, small-scale inshore fisheries are being recognized as highly beneficial for underdeveloped coastal communities since they directly contribute to local economies. Community coastal ...fisheries, however, may target species that are simultaneously harvested by large commercial vessels in adjacent offshore waters, creating uncertainty over stock units and connectivity that complicate management. 2. Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, a commercially important flatfish species in the Arctic, were tagged in Scott Inlet, coastal Baffin Island, Canada, with acoustic transmitters and tracked for a 1-year period. Our aim was to measure fish movement and connectivity between inshore habitats, where Inuit fisheries are developing, and offshore waters, where an established commercial fishery operates. Four movement metrics were established, and cluster analysis and a mixed effects model were used to define movement types and identify environmental covariates of the presence/absence within the coastal environment respectively. 3. Two distinct movement patterns were characterized for Greenland halibut; the majority were transients that were no longer detected inshore by the end of November (n = 47, 72%), and a smaller group of intermittently resident fish that moved into the offshore at the same time as transient fish, but returned to the coastal environment in the winter (n = 8, 12%), with the remainder being undefined. The presence of Greenland halibut in the inshore was negatively correlated with ice cover, indicating that fish moved offshore as sea ice formed. 4. Synthesis and applications. Greenland halibut were previously thought to be highly resident within the coastal environment of Baffin Bay; however, our data demonstrates that this is not true for all areas. In Scott Inlet and adjacent coastal regions, Greenland halibut exhibit complex inshore-offshore connectivity, suggesting inshore and offshore fisheries require a shared quota. We recommend that in the face of developing global small-scale coastal fisheries, improved understanding of stock connectivity between environments is required to sustainably manage commercial fish species.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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