The understanding of fishing effort allocation has been recognized as a key feature within the spatial management planning of fisheries. In small-scale fisheries this assessment is challenging ...because of their multi-specific context. This has resulted in management regulations that do not fulfill their objectives. Therefore, the analysis of vessels movement is needed for the better assessment and management of small-scale fisheries. Thus, we used a Random Walk (RW) modeling approach to characterize the fishing trips of small-scale multi-gear vessels targeting multiple species. We analyzed activities of three different gears (hand net, handline, longline) and two fishing methods (diving, “gareteo”) recorded with a GPS from 156 fishing trips along three fishing seasons (2018–2020) by the small-scale fleet of Yucatan, Mexico. We fitted seven RW models for the movement data and compared their relative and absolute fit through a delta Akaike test and G-Tests respectively. A total of 143 trajectories showed conclusive evidence to establish a CCRW-type movement; the remaining 13 trajectories fit three models (CCRW, TRW and CRW). The Random Walk models were useful for modeling a multi-gear, small-scale fleet operating in southeast Mexico. According to our results, the Composite Correlated Model was the most suitable RW for this fleet. For future studies, we suggest increasing the number of fishing trips and conducting specific studies by gear and fishing method. Also, the application of relative and absolute fit tests to compare the performance of RW models is highly recommended.
Small‐scale fisheries often involve weak management regimes with limited top‐down enforcement of rules and minimal support from legal institutions, making them useful model systems for investigating ...the role of social influence in determining economic and environmental outcomes. In such regimes, interpersonal relationships are expected to have a strong effect on a fisher's catch portfolio, the set of fish species targeted by an individual fisher. Here, we test three competing hypotheses about social influence using belief propagation network models and show that a peer‐to‐peer information‐sharing social network is key to explaining catch portfolios at a small‐scale fishery in Jamaica. We find that experience dictates the direction of influence among fishers in the social network, with older fishers and information brokers having distinct roles in shaping catch patterns for large‐ and small‐sized fish species, respectively. These findings highlight concrete opportunities for harnessing social networks in natural resource management. Our new approach to modelling social influence is applicable to many social–ecological systems with minimal legal and institutional support or those that rely heavily on bottom‐up participatory processes.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF-Guidelines) were agreed with extensive input from small-scale ...fishers themselves, and hold great promise for enhancing both small-scale fishers’ human rights and fisheries sustainability in a meaningful and context relevant manner. However, this promise will not be fulfilled without continued input from fishing communities as the SSF-Guidelines are implemented. This paper proposes that international conservation NGOs, with their extensive geographical and political networks, can act as a conduit for communication between small-scale fishing communities and other parties and thus catalyse implementation of the Guidelines. In order to do so, they will first need to demonstrate a genuine commitment to people-as-well-as-parks and the human rights based approach espoused in the SSF-Guidelines. This paper reviews current engagement of international conservation NGOs with human rights in fisheries; looks at their potential motivations for doing more; and identifies challenges in the way. It concludes with a proposal for how international conservation NGOs could play a critical part in catalysing the implementation of the SSF-Guidelines.
•A proposal that international conservation NGOs may be well placed to facilitate implementation of the SSF-Guidelines.•A review of the current application of a human rights-based approach to fisheries by conservation NGOs.•A review of the incentives for conservation NGOs to become more involved in implementing the SSF-Guidelines.•A detailed proposal for how conservation NGOs can become more involved in implementing the SSF-Guidelines.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Peru has a large small-scale fishing fleet upon which many coastal communities depend for their food and livelihoods. Nonetheless, no thorough assessments have been conducted of solid waste ...production and management of small-scale fisheries (SSF) and associated communities. We aimed to assess gillnet SSF and household solid waste generation in San Jose, north Peru. A solid waste generation assessment was conducted by monitoring solid waste production during 22 fishing trips and interviewing 70 families. Daily waste generation and recycling per capita, were calculated applying separate Generalized Linear Mixed-Effect Models. Organic waste is the most frequently produced during fishing activities (38%) and at home (83%), followed by plastic and metal. Glass, paper/cardboard, and fishing nets were solely produced during fishing trips. Daily waste per capita was estimated on 0.14 kg∗(day)−1 onboard, and 0.33 kg∗(day)−1 at home. Additionally, perception interviews showed that the population of San Jose perceived solid waste as a threat to public health and marine ecosystems. This study provides a first attempt to assess solid waste production in a Peruvian fishing community, showing the need for an integrated management plan embracing vessel and land-based solid waste generation.
•First assessment of solid waste production at sea and on land by a Peruvian fishing community•Small-scale fishing activities produced 0.14 kg of solid waste per person per day.•The small-scale gillnet fleet of San Jose is estimated to produce 154.6 kg of solid waste per day.•Organic waste is the most frequent solid waste produced in San Jose followed by plastics and metal.•Recycling through reuse or resale materials was common among families.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The path to sustainable small-scale fisheries (SSF) is based on multiple learning processes that must transcend generational changes. To understand young leaders from communities with sustainable SSF ...management practices in Mexico, we used in-depth interviews to identify their shared motivations and perceptions for accepting their fishing heritage. These possible future decision-makers act as agents of change due to their organizational and technological abilities. However, young people are currently at a crossroads. Many inherited a passion for the sea and want to improve and diversify the fishing sector, yet young leaders do not want to accept a legacy of complicated socioenvironmental conditions that can limit their futures. These future leaders are especially concerned by the uncertainty caused by climate change. If fishing and generational change are not valued in planning processes, the continuity of fisheries, the success of conservation actions, and the lifestyles of young fishers will remain uncertain.
Graphical abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the pre-existing vulnerability of the small-scale fisheries sector in South Africa and exposed the structural inequalities and ongoing injustices facing this ...sector. The failures within the fisheries governance and management system linked to the slow pace of implementing the Small-scale Fisheries Policy of 2012, have further exacerbated their vulnerability. This paper explores the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the small-scale fisheries sector and exposes how governance failures within the fisheries sector have increased their vulnerability. Restrictions on fishing activities and mobility, closure of conservation areas, unfair fines and arrests, loss of markets and barriers to sale of fish products as well as lack of access to water, have had significant impacts on small-scale fishers and coastal communities. The lack of social protection and the limited emergency relief provided by government further exacerbated their precarious position. Despite their vulnerability, fishers have demonstrated a measure of resilience, supporting those in need with food, lobbying government to amend restrictions and recognise their rights, and challenging efforts to fast-track development and exclude their voices. The crisis has highlighted an urgent need for broad, national level transformation to deal with the poverty and injustices facing poor coastal communities, as well as fisheries-specific policy reform.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Campeche, con 425 Km de costa en el golfo de México, ocupa la séptima posición entre los estados mexicanos en volumen de producción pesquera y valor. En este territorio se han incrementado acciones ...como la actividad sin permiso, la utilización de artes ilegales y la captura de especies vedadas pero demandadas internacionalmente. La presente investigación tiene como objeto comprender las tensiones y los conflictos territoriales causados por el acceso a los recursos pesqueros ribereños de Campeche. Para llevarla a cabo se procedió a una revisión bibliográfica y hemerográfica; a fin de cotejar información se aplicaron cuestionarios en cuatro salidas de campo entre 2016 y 2017. Los resultados son evidentes: desde el punto de vista ambiental, ha disminuido la población del pepino de mar; económicamente, los pescadores invierten más en recursos energéticos y logísticos para alcanzar nuevos caladeros; y socialmente, se han constatado disensiones entre los pescadores que acatan las normas y los que no.
Understanding ecosystem service change necessitates an understanding of the social and ecological dimensions of ecosystem services and how they contribute to the well‐being of different people. These ...empirical research gaps persist across the tropics and in coastal environments, posing a challenge for small island states that depend on ecosystem services associated with near‐shore ecosystems like coral reefs.
Perception‐based approaches allow for a rapid appraisal of what constitutes ecosystem service change, providing insights into why these changes matter, and how experiences of change differ between individuals. To capture perceptions of change in four ecosystem services associated with coral reefs (habitat, fishery, coastal protection and recreation services), we conducted 41 semi‐structured interviews with coral reef fishers from Seychelles, where reef ecosystems have been severely impacted by climate disturbance. We gathered quantitative and qualitative data to understand (a) if and what changes in reef‐associated ecosystem services have been perceived; (b) if fishers’ characteristics are associated with differences in perceived changes and (c) which changes matter most in fishers’ lives. Using a three‐dimensional approach to well‐being, we sought to identify whether reasons behind the importance of change connect to fishers’ well‐being.
There have been noticeable changes across all four ecosystem services investigated. Changes include social, ecological and behavioural dynamics. Every fisher perceived at least one ecosystem service change but fishers who dive/snorkel or work from larger boats perceived a higher number of ecosystem services to have changed. Education, age and participation in snorkelling/diving were associated with fishers who identified changing habitat services as most important, whereas fishers from families with fewer livelihood alternatives and from smaller islands identified changing fishery services as most important. Different aspects of the subjective, relational and material dimensions of well‐being were implicated in why changing services matter.
Despite known ecological shifts in reef condition, this research is one of few studies to empirically show how changes across multiple ecosystem services are being perceived. These perceived changes are complex, engage both the social and ecological dimensions of services, and connect in multiple ways to how fishers feel about their lives, their relationships and material well‐being.
A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Methodological approach provides guidance for monitoring of ex-vessel prices.•Larger ex-vessel prices differences occurred between-days rather than within-day.•Fishers received higher ex-vessel ...prices when selling direct to consumers.•Ex-vessel price data collection system should be updated periodically.
Small-scale fishery monitoring programs can provide valuable information about ex-vessel prices, which are essential for economic analyses and fisheries management. Ex-vessel prices obtained without adequate statistical support can generate inconsistent data and imprecise estimates that do not comply with quality standards that guarantee their usefulness in decision-making. We propose methodological approach for monitoring of ex-vessel prices across a wide range species and coves. In this study, an ex-vessel prices monitoring design was applied to small-scale fisheries in Chile. Our proposal includes: i) development of a sample frame, ii) adoption of a sampling design and estimators for the mean ex-vessel prices and their variance; and iii) determination of sample sizes. A sample frame of 40 species and 54 coves were selected to be monitored, representing close to 94 % of the small-scale landings. We proposed a stratified two-stage sampling design. Sample sizes of 2–5 days/month per species in each cove are suggested, with minimum limits between 3 and 10 transactions/day, in accordance with price variability. In coves where catch is transferred directly from fisher to consumer (shortened trade chains), higher and more variable prices were verified. In contrast, coves that destined their catch only to processing plants, ex-vessel prices remained relatively constant. The precision in mean ex-vessel price estimate depend largely on the number of days sampled. Data collection system used should be updated periodically, in order to capture the dynamics of the seafood trade at the landing sites and ensure precise and accurate estimates of mean ex-vessel prices. The methodological approach for price monitoring developed in this study can be used to implement or improve other ex-vessel price monitoring designs in small-scale fisheries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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