This article examines both the positive and negative socio‐economic impacts of small‐scale mining in developing countries, and outlines some key measures for improving sustainability in the sector. ...It is important to clarify that, in spite of experiencing its share of environmental‐ and health‐related problems that adversely impact human quality‐of‐life, small‐scale mining plays a pivotal role in alleviating poverty in the developing world, and contributes significantly to national revenues and foreign exchange earnings. Though these important socio‐economic contributions make small‐scale mining an indispensable economic activity, there is an obvious need for improved sustainability in the industry, more specifically, for operations to resolve pressing problems, many of which have wide‐ranging impacts. However, because most small‐scale mines are low‐tech and employ poorly trained uneducated people, it is difficult for the sector to improve on its own. Thus, governments and regional international bodies must play an expanded role in bridging critical information, techno‐logic and economic gaps. It is concluded that governments and regional organizations could accomplish much in the way of improved sustainability in the small‐scale mining industry by: (1) legalizing small‐scale mining and implementing sector‐specific legislation; (2) contributing to community development and providing increased economic support; and (3) providing training and educational assistance, and playing an expanded role in the dissemination and transfer of important technologies.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper discusses the process of gentrification, researched through a
perspective of its positive and negative aspects. It underlines the
importance of reasonable proportioning, sensible ...structuring and long-term
planning of transformation of urban spaces, which contributes to an upgrade
of living conditions and qualitative advancement of social consciousness and
development of needs of the local inhabitants, regardless of their
socio-economic profile. Despite not perceiving gentrification as an a priori
negative process, influences of alterations of urban tissue carried out
through radical and narrowly interpreted modifications of their character may
cause undesired changes in the perception and use of the space and were
analyzed as well. A case study of the gentrification of Grbavica, an urban
fragment in Novi Sad, Serbia, is presented. The goal of this research was to
critically valorize the over-all transformation of the aforementioned
fragment, taking into account architectural, urban, social, cultural,
economic and other facets.
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Challenges of development facing society and states require efforts consolidation, in the research field in particular. Therefore, to organize international cooperation and to conduct basic and ...applied research, mega-science infrastructures are being created and implemented all over the world. Currently, research facilities of the mega-science class are being created in the Russian Federation. They play an important role in the development of science and the innovation process. The competitiveness of Russian science is a determining factor for ensuring the safety and technological independence of Russia. Therefore, the Federal program for the development of Synchrotron and Neutron research and research infrastructure for 2019-2027 was approved in March 2020. In the present article, the concept of the socio-economic impact of the operation of large-scale research infrastructure is revealed. The authors refer to the materials on the socio-economic impact analysis, which was based on the data on the Swedish neutron source (European Spallation Source). The article provides a generalized idea of the main indicators for assessing the potential of the research infrastructure as well as their application to characterize the research facilities in the Russian Federation. It is worth highlighting that each large research facility is unique and it is not possible to unify the analysis of the socio-economic impact. However, the obtained results can be used for a similar analysis of research infrastructures, based on the same physical principles and created to solve general scientific problems.
The socio economic risks of mining in South Africa have been emerging for some time now, and have been brought into sharp relief by recent events in the platinum sector. The slow pace of social ...upliftment in the country has lead to widespread social unrest with consequent calls for different forms of resource nationalism. Fundamentally, the key stakeholders are not fully aligned, and are not engaging productively. This poses significant above-the-ground risk to mining companies. Measuring social impact, deploying inclusive solutions and engaging effectively with stakeholders are three ways in which mining companies can mitigate this risk.
Climatologically speaking, March is a month of transition, from the cold season to a less cold season, and, therefore, weather phenomena occur in a different way from how they usually do during the ...cold season. The transition between seasons or a late winter can sometimes cause phenomena that usually happened in January or February, at the end of March. Such a case was the snowstorm occurred in two episodes (22
- 24
and 25
- 27
of March 2013) in Romania in March 2013. In this paper is analyzed the first episode which affected southeastern Romania from different points of view: climatologically, synoptically, economically and social. It was used climatologically data over a period of 112 years, as well as a data for the first 3 month of 2013 which were provided by the National Meteorological Administration (NMA). It has been used synoptic maps, different pressure levels maps, and satellite data, radar data, soundings, all provided by the National Center of Weather Forecast of the NMA. Other type of information from the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situation (IGSU) or other ministries and media were also taken into consideration.
In the case of energy interconnection, socio-economic information (population, industrial structure, per capita GNP, etc.) will gradually affect the daily operation of the power grid, that will ...increase the uncertainty of load forecasting. For this specific situation, This paper proposes a regional power grid load prediction method considering socio-economic information to quantify the influence of relevant socio-economic information on power grid load while meeting the demand of enterprises for prediction accuracy, the method improves the prediction accuracy by constructing the data processing model, social-load relationship model and load prediction model successively. More specifically, the correlation analysis method is used to process socioeconomic data, and quantify the impact of socio-economic information on the grid load through the total factor production model (KLEM) in economics;finally, establish a temporal prediction model based on neural knowledge (Neural Prophet) to improve the predictive performance of the model. Combined with the actual power grid data, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are compared.
In 1908, Vinzenz Bronzin, a professor of mathematics at the Accademia di Commercio e Nautica in Trieste, published a booklet in German entitled Theorie der Prämiengeschäfte (Theory of Premium ...Contracts) which is an old type of option contract. Almost like
Bachelier’s now famous dissertation (1900) Bachelier, Louis, 1900, 1964. Théorie de la speculation, Annales Scientifiques de l’ Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, Ser. 3, 17, pp. 21–88. (English translation in: The random character of stock market prices (Ed. Paul Cootner), MIT-Press (1964), pp. 17–79), the work seems to have been forgotten shortly after it was published. However, almost every element of modern option pricing can be found in Bronzin’s book. In particular, he uses the normal distribution to derive a pricing equation which comes surprisingly close to the Black–Scholes–Merton formula.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The term landslide includes a wide range of ground movements, such as slides, falls, flows etc. mainly based on gravity with the aid of several conditioning and triggering factors. Particularly in ...the last two decades, there has been an increasing international interest in the landslide susceptibility, hazard or risk assessments.
In this paper we present a combined use of socioeconomic, remote sensing and GIS data for developing a technique for landslide susceptibility mapping using artificial neural networks and then to apply the technique to the selected study areas at Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu and to analyze the socio economic impact in the landslide locations.
Landslide locations are identified by interpreting the satellite images and field survey data, and a spatial database of the topography, soil, forest, and land use. Then the landslide-related factors are extracted from the spatial database. These factors are then used with an artificial neural network to analyze landslide susceptibility. Each factor’s weight is determined by the back-propagation training method. Different training sets will be identified and applied to analyze and verify the effect of training. The landslide susceptibility index will be calculated by back propagation method and the susceptibility map will be created with a GIS program. The results of the landslide susceptibility analysis were verified using landslide location data. In this research, GIS is used to analyze the vast amount of data very efficiently and an ANN to be an effective tool to maintain precision and accuracy. Finally, the artificial neural network will prove it’s an effective tool for analyzing landslide susceptibility compared to the conventional method of landslide mapping. The socio-economic impact is analyzed by the questionnaire method. Direct survey was conducted with the people living in the landslide locations through different set of questions. This factor is also used as one of the landslide causing factors for the preparation of landslide hazard map.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
South African National Parks (SANParks) plays a major role in the tourism industry and has three primary functions, namely to conserve biodiversity, to create tourism and recreational opportunities ...and to build strong community relations. These parks, therefore, have a definite socio-economic impact on adjacent communities, although little is known about this impact. The main aim of this study was to determine the socio-economic impact of Africa’s oldest marine park, namely Tsitsikamma National Park, which forms part of the newly created Garden Route National Park. This was done by conducting three surveys during April 2008: a visitor’s survey (156 respondents), a community survey (132 respondents) and a business survey (11 respondents). We found that the park has a positive economic impact on the surrounding area and that the community exhibits a favourable attitude towards Tsitsikamma National Park. The results also differed when compared to similar studies conducted at other national parks in South Arica and one of the main reasons for this was that the park is located in a touristic area. For a greater impact however, the park should expand its marine activities, while communication with the local community could also be improved.Conservation implications: Good community relations and ecotourism activities are important components of good conservation practices. This research indicates that tourism activities not only generated funds for conservation, but also benefited the local communities of Tsitsikamma National Park. The positive attitude of local communities makes conservation of biodiversity more sustainable.
The state-of-the-art in cost-outcome analysis of assistive technology (AT) is first reviewed, and then the article focuses particularly on the cost aspects of such technology. It elaborates on the ...concept of 'social cost' as the main indicator of AT economic impact, and proposes methods to compare alternative AT solutions in terms of social cost. A specific instrument for social cost analysis - Siva Cost Assessment Instrument (SCAI) - was designed to help clinicians estimate the economic aspects of providing individual users with AT solutions. The use of the instrument involves: (1) a description of the objectives of the individual AT programme, (2) the establishment of the sequence and timing of all the interventions forming the programme, and (3) the compiling of a cost calculation table for each AT solution. Such a table distinguishes social costs (the sum of all material and human resources mobilised by the intervention) from the financial plan (the actual disbursement of money over time by involved actors). The SCAI tool is not intended as a decision-maker, it is just an informative instrument that, used during clinical assessment, makes clinicians and users aware of the economic consequences of their decisions. The article also explores the possibility of using SCAI to compare different individual AT programmes. Based on a survey of 31 individual AT programmes carried out over a number of years, a first attempt has been made to infer social cost indicators for various categories of AT equipment. The first clear finding is that - not surprisingly - most AT solutions, though very expensive in terms of initial purchase price, lead to considerable savings in social costs due to the reduced assistance burden. In some cases, the savings detected in social costs were in the range 150,000 euros over 5 years. The second major finding is the marked variation in the social costs of different individual cases where similar AT solutions were implemented, suggesting difficulty in establishing repeatable social cost figures for a given device: such figures also depend on the individual context of the implemented AT solution, and on its inter-relationship with the other AT solutions composing the whole programme.
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