Although potentially disabling for couples, genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPP/PD) is still not well understood. In Muslim countries, this condition reaches high levels, which could be ...because of the traditional social background. In this study, we aimed to identify the sociocultural determinants leading to GPP/PD in countries in the Middle East/North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Turkey and to discuss the implications on management.This systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies was conducted on three databases: Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar. The review includes all-time articles that examined the sociocultural factors related to GPP/PD in Muslim societies. The majority of the couples had poor sexual education despite their high educational level. They often visited traditional healers, general practitioners, and gynecologists before being referred to sexologists. With adequate treatment, the majority could achieve penetration rapidly.Muslim countries show high levels of PD, which might be due to their strict religious background. The latter should be integrated into the management for better results.
In searching for conceptualizations that offer an alternative perspective to entrepreneurial opportunities, the notion of external enablers has recently been suggested for capturing the influence on ...entrepreneurial action and outcomes exerted by external conditions such as new technologies; regulatory or demographic shifts; and changes to the sociocultural, economic, political, or natural environments. We take the external enabler perspective several steps further. We develop a new framework that conceptualizes external enablers in terms of their characteristics, roles, and mechanisms and detail their implications for entrepreneurial action and outcomes. We argue that this framework provides a more productive perspective for theorizing about the influence of external, actor-independent factors on venture creation processes than discovery theory's notion of objective, preexisting opportunities. At the same time, it is compatible with the dynamic–agentic view of new venture creation proposed by varieties of creation theory. For researchers who are interested in instances of societal change from a sociological or historical vantage point, the framework facilitates theorizing across such instances and about the microfoundations of aggregate-level changes. Additional domains that can benefit from our new framework include design- and strategy-oriented research and practice.
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This issue of Studi Emigrazione deals with the recent linguistic dynamics of Italian emigration in the world. The linguistic consequences of the changes in the socio-cultural structures of the ...emigrant communities of Italian origin are addressed; the linguistic and cultural characteristics of neo-emigration and the typological distance from traditional Italian emigration are taken into consideration. This issue of Studi Emigrazione is linked to n. 191/2013, becoming a continuation and an update, aimed at highlighting the specificity and interest that the case of migratory Italy can have today also in an international perspective.
Various socio-cultural and religious backgrounds influence the naming of an individual. For example, the Hindu belief system shapes the Assamese Hindu’s name in Assam. In contrast, the Islamic belief ...system shapes Assamese Muslim names, confirming that the personal name of an individual is a significant attribute of identification. It assists in identifying the individual. Equally, it also reveals the bearers’ socio-cultural and religious backgrounds. Therefore, the name directly or indirectly can affect the personal and social life of the individual. As the name can affect the individual’s life, sometimes an individual has to change their name to enjoy social, cultural and political benefits. This article carefully analyses how the name affects the name bearer and why an individual may seek to change his/her name.
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In two nationally representative surveys of U.S. adolescents in grades 8 through 12 (N = 506,820) and national statistics on suicide deaths for those ages 13 to 18, adolescents’ depressive symptoms, ...suicide-related outcomes, and suicide rates increased between 2010 and 2015, especially among females. Adolescents who spent more time on new media (including social media and electronic devices such as smartphones) were more likely to report mental health issues, and adolescents who spent more time on nonscreen activities (in-person social interaction, sports/exercise, homework, print media, and attending religious services) were less likely. Since 2010, iGen adolescents have spent more time on new media screen activities and less time on nonscreen activities, which may account for the increases in depression and suicide. In contrast, cyclical economic factors such as unemployment and the Dow Jones Index were not linked to depressive symptoms or suicide rates when matched by year.
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Heightened concerns about long-term sustainability have of late enlivened debates around the circular economy (CE). Defined as a series of restorative and regenerative industrial systems, parallel ...socio-cultural transformations have arguably received less consideration to date. In response, this paper examines the contributions human geographical scholarship can make to CE debates, focusing on ‘generative spaces’ of diverse CE practices. Concepts infrequently discussed within human geography such as product service systems and ‘prosumption’ are explored, to argue that productive potential exists in bringing these ideas into conversation with ongoing human geographical research into practices, materialities, emergent political spaces and ‘everyday activism’.
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has encouraged psychologists to become part of the integrated scientific effort to support the achievement of climate change targets such as keeping ...within 1.5°C or 2°C of global warming. To date, the typical psychological approach has been to demonstrate that specific concepts and theories can predict behaviors that contribute to or mitigate climate change. Psychologists need to go further and, in particular, show that integrating psychological concepts into feasible interventions can reduce greenhouse gas emissions far more than would be achieved without such integration. While critiquing some aspects of current approaches, we describe psychological research that is pointing the way by distinguishing different types of behavior, acknowledging sociocultural context, and collaborating with other disciplines. Engaging this challenge offers psychologists new opportunities for promoting mitigation, advancing psychological understanding, and developing better interdisciplinary interactions.
Public Significance Statement
Addressing climate change requires unprecedented societal transformations within a short time frame. Psychological research has the potential to improve current and future initiatives to mitigate climate change; however, realizing this potential requires heightened attention to the climate impact of the behaviors we study and greater collaboration and integration across disciplines.
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Replication-an important, uncommon, and misunderstood practice-is gaining appreciation in psychology. Achieving replicability is important for making research progress. If findings are not ...replicable, then prediction and theory development are stifled. If findings are replicable, then interrogation of their meaning and validity can advance knowledge. Assessing replicability can be productive for generating and testing hypotheses by actively confronting current understandings to identify weaknesses and spur innovation. For psychology, the 2010s might be characterized as a decade of active confrontation. Systematic and multi-site replication projects assessed current understandings and observed surprising failures to replicate many published findings. Replication efforts highlighted sociocultural challenges such as disincentives to conduct replications and a tendency to frame replication as a personal attack rather than a healthy scientific practice, and they raised awareness that replication contributes to self-correction. Nevertheless, innovation in doing and understanding replication and its cousins, reproducibility and robustness, has positioned psychology to improve research practices and accelerate progress.
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Significance-Quest Theory Kruglanski, Arie W.; Molinario, Erica; Jasko, Katarzyna ...
Perspectives on psychological science,
07/2022, Volume:
17, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Even though the motivation to feel worthy, to be respected, and to matter to others has been identified for centuries by scholars, the antecedents, consequences, and conditions of its activation have ...not been systematically analyzed or integrated. The purpose of this article is to offer such an integration. We feature a motivational construct, the quest for significance, defined as the need to have social worth. This need is typically fulfilled by a sense of measuring up to the values one shares with significant others. Our significance-quest theory (SQT) assumes that the need for significance is universal, whereas the means of satisfying it depend on the sociocultural context in which one’s values are embedded. Those means are identified in a narrative supported and validated by one’s network, or reference group. The quest for significance is activated by significance loss and/or the opportunity for significance gain. It motivates behavior that aims to affirm, realize, and/or show commitment to an important value. The SQT is consistent with large bodies of prior research and supported by novel studies in multiple laboratory and field settings. It transcends prior understandings and offers guidance for further study of this essential human motivation.
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