Conceptual modelling is the addition of more real-world semantics to the computations performed by a computer. It is argued that in a proper engineering approach to computing, three kinds of ...conceptual modelling need to be distinguished, (1) modelling a software solution, (2) modelling the domain in which it operates, and (3) modelling the impact of the software solution on the domain. Nearly 40 years of research in conceptual modelling has yielded a wealth of concepts and notations for conceptual modelling of the second variety, which we call domain-oriented. A summary and framework of these results are presented. Conceptual modelling of the third variety, which we call impact-oriented, has been developed less. A framework for this is provided too, and promising directions for impact-oriented conceptual modelling are identified.
This paper was prepared by the public sector and governance group of the World Bank poverty reduction and economic management network. Since 1984, the World Bank has financed 87 Financial Management ...Information System (FMIS) projects in 51 countries, totaling over US $2.2 billion, of which US $938 million was for FMIS-related Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions. This study presents the World Bank's experience with these investment operations, including substantial ICT components, in order to share the achievements and challenges observed, and provide guidance for improving the performance of future projects. This study is dived into five chapters. The introduction covers the definitions used and methodology applied in reviewing projects. Chapter 2 provides descriptive characteristics of the sample data drawn from Bank databases and describes general patterns in duration, regional distribution, costs, and ICT solutions implemented, among other aspects. Chapter 3 analyzes the performance of the projects, differentiating between ratings of the Implementation Completion Reports (ICRs) and the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) reports, as well as the factors contributing to the success and failure of projects and individual components. A detailed analysis of country case studies from Mongolia, Turkey, Albania, Guatemala, and Pakistan are presented in chapter 4. In conclusion, chapter 5 synthesizes the main lessons learned and prerequisites necessary for an effective FMIS project. The findings of this study are based on a comprehensive database of 55 closed and 32 active Treasury and FMIS projects implemented between 1984 and 2010 (pipeline projects were also analyzed in some sections). The data presented here was gathered from individual project ICRs, Project Appraisal Documents (PADs), the IEG reports, and complemented with interviews with task team leaders and relevant public sector and informatics specialists.
Information and communication technologies have a central role in the manufacturing system integration process. In this paper, a conceptual framework for the integration of available software ...applications is presented. Analysis of Croatian industrial enterprises is used to create a feasible computer aided process planning model. The suggested model uses the built-in ability of installed software for sharing information derived from processes with which they are connected. Information is then used for generating the optimal process plan for the current surroundings in the central CAPP module. Using the presented conceptual framework, modular CAPP solutions are created and customized to fit the needs of different manufacturing enterprises, taking into consideration the implementation costs and time.
As technology advances, electronic devices can be a vital part of enabling people with disabilities to live an independent and fulfilling life by facilitating self-sufficiency and social inclusion. ...Many studies have examined usability challenges of the electronic device context and proposed definitions of application usability and evaluation methods. This study proposes a system solution based on machine learning to minimize iOS device hardware dependencies. The proposed solution analyzes the hardware (microphone) of twenty-five different models of iPhone and twenty-five other models of Pad. The study maps a relation on the hardware changes (microphone) using piecewise linear least-squares fit algorithms. The output of the model is the sound measurement data of all iOS devices acting consistently as sound test devices for the same sound source. Next, integrate this solution with the accessibility measure application named AccessSound (sound level measuring app) and revised the existing algorithm. The proposed solution can contribute to making iPhone and iPad devices more accessible for people with diverse needs, as well as a reference for developers and designers.
We are currently living in a thriving digital age. Much of what we used to take for granted is now gradually being digitized. The use of software solutions to monitor daily physical activity is ...gaining popularity among users. The purpose of this article is to provide an application that highlights the human need to monitor their health as well as the utility of the Android operating system's resources. Today's society focuses a decreasing emphasis on health; gastronomic trends abound, and individuals fail to prioritize the most vital part, health. Of course, in addition to these inclinations, digitalization itself is a detrimental component in our rapidly deteriorating sporting discipline. Today's children increasingly choose to play on the computer or look at their phones for hours on end, but this is also becoming more common in their parents and even elderly adults. This negative consequence also draws attention to the less visible aspect of digitalization, which is frequently, if not always, purposefully neglected. We obviously need to make use of the great parts of technology, but we also need to be intelligent enough to see the less pleasant aspects, even if it makes it more difficult. The goal of this work is to monitor the user's physical activity anytime they choose, while also providing them with various statistics based on the outcome of their action. In fact, the study concentrates on an enhanced pedometer, which delivers numerous continually updated data reports on the level of intensity of the user's activity. In addition, the user will also benefit from a report of the steps taken that will be updated daily, if they carry out an activity that day.
Supporting Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) is essential for multi-core Network-on-Chips for the sake of reusing huge amount of legacy code and easy programmability. We propose a microcoded controller ...as a hardware module in each node to connect the core, the local memory and the network. The controller is programmable where the DSM functions such as virtual-to-physical address translation, memory access and synchronization etc. are realized using microcode. To enable concurrent processing of memory requests from the local and remote cores, our controller features two mini-processors, one dealing with requests from the local core and the other from remote cores. Synthesis results suggest that the controller consumes 51k gates for the logic and can run up to 455 MHz in 130 nm technology. To evaluate its performance, we use synthetic and application workloads. Results show that, when the system size is scaled up, the delay overhead incurred by the controller may become less significant when compared with the network delay. In this way, the delay efficiency of our DSM solution is close to hardware solutions on average but still have all the flexibility of software solutions.
This paper presents the development of electronic documentation for community nursing using a system approach. Documentation is viewed as an information model for organizing and managing processes. ...The community nurse plans the nursing process after gathering and evaluating information on the patient's health and his/her family status. Documentation is thus considered to be a basis for the successful work of the health team and as a way of ensuring quality in nursing. The paper describes a prototype software model for e-documentation in community nursing together with its evaluation in practice.
Appropriate documentation plays a key role in process management in nursing care. It includes holistic data management based on patient's data along the clinical path with regard to nursing care. We ...developed an e-documentation model that follows the process method of work in nursing care. It assesses the patient's status on the basis of Henderson's theoretical model of 14 basic living activities and is aligned with internationally recognized nursing classifications. E-documentation development requires reengineering of existing documentation and facilitates process reengineering. A prototype solution of an e-nursing documentation, already being in testing process at University medical centres in Ljubljana and Maribor, will be described.
