Objective The conservation of black soil is an important measure for ensuring national food security and promoting ecological civilization construction. The understanding, attention, and efforts in ...black soil protection urgently need to be improved. Methods Using a literature analysis method, this study comprehensively summarized the natural, productive, and ecological characteristics of black soil, and systematically and structurally reviewed the situation faced by black soil conservation and proposed strategies to address these issues. Results The study revealed that: (1) Black soil has unique soil formation conditions, strong productivity, and fragile ecological characteristics; (2) The situation of black soil protection is complex, which can be seen in the micro-scale element structure, meso-scale human-land relationship, and macro-scale regional development. Four main issues were identified: excessive land use, frequent soil degradation, severe population problems, and lagging economic development. (3) Black soil protection strategies should also start from the micro-scale technical system, meso-scale agricultural system, and macro-scale policy system, adopt interdisciplinary methods that combine natural and social sciences, as well as integrate technical, economic, and institutional means to ensure the effectiveness, strength, and sustainability of black soil protection work. Conclusion Black soil has both natural and cultural characteristics, and the protection work should take into account the requirements of both the natural ecosystems and the human-land systems, and being carried out comprehensively.
Objective The purpose of this study was to carry out a quantitative evaluation of black soil protection policies to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable and efficient operation of black ...soil protection policy in the future. Methods Based on the policy modeling consistency (PMC) index model, a quantitative evaluation of China’s black soil protection policy text was conducted from three aspects: policy path, policy tools, and policy evaluation. Results (1) The number of policies related to the protection of black soil has shown a trend of phased growth, with the characteristics of strong effectiveness of the command type documents temporally, and neighborhood effect, ripple effect, and imitation learning spatially. Among them, Inner Mongolia is at the perfect level (7.91), Hei Longjiang (7.33) and Liao ning (7.07) are at the excellent level and Central (6.33) and Ji lin are at the good level (6.00). (2) China’s black soil protection policy tools have been constantly improving. Any use of policy tools for black soil protection has played an important role in a certain period of time. Specifically, the use of black land protection policy tools presents a situation of “performance evaluation > technologicalinnovation>farmland quality management > agricultural support and protection subsidies > farmland quantity protect ion”. (3) The design of the five selected black soil protection sample policies is generally reasonable, but there is still much room for improvement. Inner Mongolia scored the highest, Heilongjiang and Liaoning Provinces showed excellent performance, and the central level and Jilin Province showed reasonable performance. Conclusion We recommend that each region should consider its own characteristics and the current status of black soil protection, formulate strong and operational policy plans tailored to local conditions, and actively create a good environment for innovative development of black soil protection.
It is clear that, in some climates, fires are a natural phenomenon, they have occurred for millennia and plants have revealed the capacity to cope with them (Pausas et al., 2008). It is also known ...that wildland fires are a global phenomenon occurring in tropical, temperate and boreal regions (González-Pérez et al., 2004; Bowman et al., 2009).
Fire regimes are being modified, responding to ongoing global changes and poor forest planning in terms of frequency, size, seasonality, recurrence and fire intensity and severity, with deleterious impacts on soil fertility and structure and important implications for forest management and sustainability (Bento-Gonçalves et al., 2011).
In the extensive research that exists on the effect of fire on ecosystems there is a growing interest and body of literature on the effects of fire on soil properties.
This paper aims to review the latest developments regarding intrinsic characteristics of fires, fire intensity and severity, wildland fires, prescribed fires, fire regimes and soil protection measures.
► Fire regimes are being modified, due to global changes and poor forest planning. ► There is increasing interest in fire effects on soil properties. ► Fire prevention, mitigation and research is required. ► International conferences and scientific exchanges are important.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The EU Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection identified soil degradation caused by erosion as one of the major threats to European soils. A thorough literature review revealed important gaps in ...research on soil erosion processes in Europe. This is particularly true for wind erosion processes. The current state of the art in erosion research lacks knowledge about where and when wind erosion occurs in Europe, and the intensity of erosion that poses a threat to agricultural productivity. To gain a better understanding of the geographical distribution of wind erosion processes in Europe, we propose an integrated mapping approach to estimate soil susceptibility to wind erosion. The wind-erodible fraction of soil (EF) is one of the key parameters for estimating the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. It was computed for 18,730 geo-referenced topsoil samples (from the Land Use/Land Cover Area frame statistical Survey (LUCAS) dataset). Our predication of the spatial distribution of the EF and a soil surface crust index drew on a series of related but independent covariates, using a digital soil mapping approach (Cubist-rule-based model to calculate the regression, and Multilevel B-Splines to spatially interpolate the Cubist residuals). The spatial interpolation showed a good performance with an overall R2 of 0.89 (in fitting). We observed the spatial patterns of the soils' susceptibility to wind erosion, in line with the state of the art in the literature. We used regional observations in Lower Saxony and Hungary to ensure the applicability of our approach. These regional control areas showed encouraging results, and indicated that the proposed map may be suitable for national and regional investigations of spatial variability and analyses of soil susceptibility to wind erosion.
•Integrated mapping was undertaken to estimate soil susceptibility to wind erosion.•The wind-erodible fraction (EF) for 19,967 geo-referenced LUCAS soils was computed.•A regression approach was used to predict the spatial distribution of EF in Europe.•The spatial interpolation showed a good performance with an overall R2 of 0.89.•Regional observations gave encouraging results about the reliability of the outcomes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
HIGHLIGHTS Saline stress did not affect the initial growth of the cowpea crop. The use of mulch provides better morphological results in the cowpea crop. Vegetal mulches as soil protection (sugarcane ...bagasse and bamboo straw) attenuated effect of salts on gas exchange of cowpea.
Introduction Under the wave-current combinations during the service period of offshore wind turbine, local scour inevitably occurs around pile foundation, which threatens the overall stability and ...safety of offshore wind turbine. Method In this paper, the normal physical model test at a scale of 1∶30 was carried out for the wind power foundation with a diameter of 8.0 m to study the scour depth, sand cover, solidified soil protection range, and protection effect. Result The results show that due to the good hydrodynamic conditions considered in this test, the maximum scour depth is 0.133 cm. In this case, the 1 cm-thick sand cover with a splicing size of 1.0 m×1.0 m can meet the stability requirements. When solidified soil is adopted for protection, the protection range shall not be less than 5 times the pile diameter, and block stones shall be laid at the edge of solidified soil to avoid scouring at the lower part of solidified soil. Conclusion The test results can provide reference for scouring test and engineering design of similar projects.
Effect of Brassicaceae as cover crops Ugrenović, Vladan; Filipović, Vladimir; Jevremović, Stojan ...
Selekcija i semenarstvo,
2019, Volume:
25, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In addition to true cereals (Poaceae) and legumes (Fabaceae), which are most commonly used as cover crops, plant species from the mustard family (Brassicaceae) are increasingly used due to their ...biological and agronomic characteristics. Crucifers grow fast, develop high biomass, achieve great land coverage (> 80%) and possess high nutrient uptake. These are the reasons that their use as cover crops has a beneficial effect on soil fertility, erosion prevention, weed suppression and groundwater quality protection. Majority of crucifers contain glucosinolates, the enzymatic conversion of which releases biologically active compounds into the soil, which are toxic to soil pathogens, nematodes and some weeds. In this way, crucifers act as soil biofumigants, and this effect is used in the control of harmful organisms within the cover crops technology. Due to different production systems and agroecological conditions, the release of these compounds in the soil is not constant, so the efficiency is not always the same. In this regard, biofumigation as a biological measure should be seen as a part of an integrated pest management strategy. With its flowers, crucifers attract a large number of insects: pollinators, predators and parasitoids, thus positively affecting the biodiversity of beneficial insects and the biocontrol of harmful ones. The most commonly used multipurpose cover crops are: rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), brown mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.), charcoal turnip (Brassica rapa rapifera), fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.), oil radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleifera) and others.
Mobile devices have recently acquired new values (after 2015), being integrated into almost all areas of activity. Environmental protection activities are no exception to this rule. As such, in this ...paper, we aim to see to what extent mobile devices can assist in the field of soil monitoring and protection. Thus, starting from the consultation of the specialized literature (from the last 10 years), we set out to identify the aspects aimed at monitoring and protecting the soils that mobile devices can integrate through the components, functionalities, and internal sensors they have. We also set out to explore the functionalities that application development platforms attribute to mobile applications. Research results have shown that there is a well-defined set of components, features, and sensors that can be integrated into mobile device-specific applications to assist in soil monitoring and protection activities. Consequently, mobile devices can be seen and used as a means of acquiring, storing, and disseminating data, information, and knowledge on the environmental factor of the soil, sustainable land use, and the practice of systematic farming.
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