Biogas is a renewable fuel source of methane that can be used as energy for vehicles after a purification process to remove impurities (Biogas upgrading and cleaning). However, removal of CO2 from ...methane is one of the critical steps for biogas upgrading and is limiting its commercial application. An overview of the materials in technologies of separation (membrane) and sorption (sorbents) know-how, including chemisorbents and physisorbents, has been made with a particular emphasis on biogas upgrading. The alternative properties and possibilities of different technologies and materials for CO2 separation, including alkanol amine, solid alkanol amine, zeolites, carbonaceous, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), and membrane applied for purifying raw biogas (upgrading) to produce bio-methane and on the other hand, to reduce CO2 emission from fossil fuel are discussed in this review.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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•Cyclodextrin-based post treatment coupled with ecomashine technology has been demonstrated.•Beta-cyclodextrin polymer was used as sorbent in fluidization setup in pilot-plant scale ...experiment.•Treatment efficiency was followed by chemical and ecotoxilogical monitoring tools.•BCDP sorption technology efficiently removed selected wastewater micropollutants.•The short contact time between sorbent and pollutants makes the technology applicable in full-scale.
Increasing amount of micropollutants such as drugs, cosmetics and nutritional supplements detected in surface waters represents increasing risk to humans and to the whole environment. These hazardous materials deriving mostly from wastewaters often cannot be effectively removed by conventional water treatment technologies due to their persistence. Some of the innovative technologies use specific sorbents for their removal. Cyclodextrin-based sorbents have already proved to be efficient in laboratory-scale experiments, but no pilot-plant scale demonstration has been performed so far.
We are the first who applied this sorption-technology as a tertiary treatment in a pilot-plant scale operating, biomachine-type municipal wastewater treatment plant. As a result of the treatment 7 of 9 typical micropollutants (estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, estriol, diclofenac, ibuprofen, bisphenol A and cholesterol) were removed with >80% efficiency from effluent (reducing their concentration from ∼5 μg/L to <0.001–1 μg/L). GC–MS analysis of water samples showed that many of the micropollutants were removed from the water within a short time, demonstrating the high potential of the applied cyclodextrin-based sorbent in micropollutant removal. The effect-based testing also confirmed the efficiency. There was a correlation between sorption efficacies and binding constants of micropollutant/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, showing that among others also inclusion complex formation of pollutants with cyclodextrin played important role in sorption mechanism.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Lithium is known as the “white petroleum” of the electrification era, and the global demand for lithium grows rapidly with the quick development of new energy industry. The aqueous solutions, such as ...salt lake brine, underground brine, and seawater, have large lithium reserves, thus this kind of lithium resource has become a research hotspot recently. Compared with other lithium extraction technologies, electro-sorption method shows good prospects for practical applications with advantages in the aspects of efficiency, recovery ratio, cost, and environment. Herein, this review covers recent progress on electro-sorption technology for lithium recovery from aqueous solutions, including the concept illustration, research progress of the applied working electrodes and counter electrodes, and the evaluation indicators of electro-sorption system. Meanwhile, some prospects for the development of this technology are also proposed. We hope this review is beneficial for the construction of high-efficient electrochemical lithium recovery system to achieve an adequate lithium supply in the future.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Open absorption processes are considered for energy potential transport in district networks.•Use cases heating, cooling and drying are presented with requirements and exemplary model cases.•Current ...state of the development of technology components with experimental data is shown.
Low-temperature residual heat and heat potentials of renewables below 70°C often stay unused as either the distance between source and demand is too large or the heat does not occur at demand times. Hybrid thermo-chemical networks have a high potential to improve this situation, to transport thermal energy potential over long distances and to bridge short to medium time differences between demand and supply. The storage and transport potential of thermo-chemical substances has been identified and examined comprehensively. However, none of the studies addressed the replacement of water by thermo-chemical fluids (TCF) in district networks. Therefore this paper elaborates the use of TCF in such networks. First, it elaborates technological application cases showing the theoretical potential to reduce primary energy consumption up to 85%. Second, it presents technological components that have been developed for thermo-chemical systems.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
—A technology is proposed to process ancylite-containing raw materials—ore or concentrate. The technology is based on their decomposition with 1 wt % HCl in the presence of a sulfonic cation-exchange ...resin in hydrogen form at a temperature of 20–50°C. The process flow diagram is given. The technology is characterized by low consumption of reagents and the absence of liquid waste.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The IEA SHC Task 42 / ECES Annex 29 concerns thermal energy storage technologies based on Phase Change Materials (PCM) and Thermo-Chemical Materials (TCM) as well as liquid and solid sorption ...processes. Sensible heat storages such as hot water tanks were not investigated in the task but served as benchmarks with respect to technical and economical evaluations. This IEA task is a joint task of the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) program and the IEA Energy Conservation through Energy Storage (ECES) program and will run up to end of December 2015. This paper gives an overview on the topics and main results of IEA SHC Task 42 / ECES Annex 29.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the review article two main courses of application of the fullerene containing materials in sorption technology are examined. The first course is represented by nano-porous materials based on the ...fullerene soot, molded with various bonding materials. The second one is connected with modifying of traditional sorbents, such as active carbon, silica gel, zeolite, hopkalite and ion exchange resins with micro quantities of nano-carbon submitted by fullerenes, which provides for considerable improvement of sorption properties. Application of fulleroid nano-carbon in sorption techniques does not lead to increase of biological risks.
Efficiency of sorbents for LDL apheresis was compared in vitro. The sorbents based on ion-exchange interaction of the ligand with LDL (Liposorber, DALI) exhibited minimum specificity towards the ...eliminated component, while immunosorbents (LNP-Lipopak, LDR-TheraSorb) were most efficient. By sorption capacity, the available hemosorbents are inferior to plasmasorbents, which explains low efficiency of the therapy based on single application of hemosorbents especially in patients with consederably increased content of LDL cholesterol.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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