A number of spatial statistic measurements such as Moran's I and Geary's C can be used for spatial autocorrelation analysis. Spatial autocorrelation modeling proceeded from the 1-dimension ...autocorrelation of time series analysis, with time lag replaced by spatial weights so that the autocorrelation functions degenerated to autocorrelation coefficients. This paper develops 2-dimensional spatial autocorrelation functions based on the Moran index using the relative staircase function as a weight function to yield a spatial weight matrix with a displacement parameter. The displacement bears analogy with the time lag in time series analysis. Based on the spatial displacement parameter, two types of spatial autocorrelation functions are constructed for 2-dimensional spatial analysis. Then the partial spatial autocorrelation functions are derived by using the Yule-Walker recursive equation. The spatial autocorrelation functions are generalized to the autocorrelation functions based on Geary's coefficient and Getis' index. As an example, the new analytical framework was applied to the spatial autocorrelation modeling of Chinese cities. A conclusion can be reached that it is an effective method to build an autocorrelation function based on the relative step function. The spatial autocorrelation functions can be employed to reveal deep geographical information and perform spatial dynamic analysis, and lay the foundation for the scaling analysis of spatial correlation.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
IOP Publishing Limited ("IOPP") is retracting this paper following an investigation which resulted from a reader complaint. The paper makes a number of unsubstantiated claims and, in the opinion of ...IOPP, lacks scientific rigour, clarity and objectivity. Although the paper was subject to peer review via the conference organisers, unfortunately these issues were not identified on this occasion. IOPP also has concerns regarding the discriminatory tone and sentiment of the paper, which are not appropriate in a scientific journal.
IOPP expresses its thanks to the readers and independent advisors who have shared their thoughts regarding this paper during the course of the investigation.
Retraction published: 23 June 2021
Display omitted
•Ecological corridors were delimited using the least-cost path analysis.•Largest fragments were prioritized for delineation of the ecological corridors.•Landscape ecology metrics were ...used to assess the forest landscape.•Studied landscape is formed mainly by very small fragments with intense border effect.•Presented methodology contribute with policies to protection of the Atlantic Forest.
The Atlantic Forest is an intensely fragmented and globally important ecological hotspot. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the landscape ecology and submit proposals for creating ecological corridors (ECs) in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest region. Landscape ecology metrics, based on the forest fragments map, were used for the analysis. Suggested corridors were based on least-cost path analysis, considering land use, declivity, permanent preservation areas (PPAs), and forest fragment sizes. Although the predominant class sizes in the study area are small fragments, landscape ecology analysis has shown good environmental quality for fragments larger than 100 ha that do not lose their central area, even for the largest edge distances. Four ECs were proposed, with an average length of 53.86 km, average width of 5.39 km, and average area of 28,786.32 ha. Land use conflicts showed that the fragments within the corridors were situated in a matrix dominated by grassland. PPAs within the proposed corridors were dominated by misused land and did not comply with environmental legislation. The proposed corridors were efficient in using the largest fragments, which have the least edge effect and provide necessary support for most wildlife. However, we emphasize that other factors can influence the delimiting of ECs; additional studies are required to obtain more effective ECs to connect habitats. The proposed methodology can be applied to other Brazilian and global ecoregion.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Transport and gender are intrinsically intertwined. However, traditionally, transport planning has tended to favor the travel needs of adult men in home-work trajectories, thereby ignoring women's ...distinct experiences and needs. More recently, scholars have looked at the relationship between transport and gender, highlighting important discrepancies in travel behavior (e.g., mode, purpose, time of trip). Yet, thorough spatial analysis, especially for the Canadian context, remains scarce. This study examines the differences in spatial travel patterns between men and women in Montréal, Canada, using the 2018 Origin-Destination survey. First, the distance travelled by men and women is analyzed through descriptive statistics, and two distinct bootstrapped linear regression models are generated to identify key determinants of travel distance among women and men. Second, a ratio of the number of trips (women/men) ending in each census tract is generated to identify areas predominantly visited by women. A local spatial autocorrelation analysis is then performed. Findings show that women's trips tend to be more local than men's, possibly attributable to socio-cultural factors. Differences between gender are most visible among lower-income groups and in suburban areas, while the presence of children in the household reduces women's distances more substantially than men's. Significant spatial clusters were found for women and men, with distinct land use and transport characteristics. This research highlights the need for researchers and practitioners to consider gender differences in transport planning and can contribute to formulating and designing more equitable transport policy and systems for men and women.
•Explores gender differences in travel patterns with statistical and spatial analyses.•Gender differences are most visible in lower-income groups and suburban areas.•Children in the household more closely related to shorter trips for women.•Gender differences in spatial patterns are attributable to the type of destinations.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Bioenergy production from agricultural biomass is considered a key opportunity for achieving the sustainable development goals set by various international institutions. This sector must combine ...efficiency and profitability with environmental protection and territorial integration. For this reason, plants location should consider the natural and anthropic characteristics of the areas where they are supposed to operate. In this paper, a multicriteria analysis is introduced for optimal location of biomass plants in a region of Northern Italy. The study was based on a detailed set of 8 constraints and 15 criteria, and eventually identified 93 potential sites for plant location. The distribution of biomass from the territory to the plants was carried out with the specific Location-Allocation algorithm that allowed considering both the attractiveness of the plants and the maximum acceptable power. This result was compared with the current bioenergy production system: three alternative scenarios were developed, considering existing plants and the natural gas distribution network. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, to study the consequences of various decision-makers decisions. The results showed the possibility of installing between 90 and 199 plants in the different scenarios, resulting in a biomethane production between 246.8·106 Nm3 and 503.6·106 Nm3.
•Potential of agricultural by-products to achieve sustainable development goals.•Use of a multicriteria decision model to determine the optimal location of plants.•Use of network analysis for managing the supply chain of biomass to facilities.•Development of biomethane production to achieve decarbonisation objectives.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
17.
Mapping and measuring place attachment Brown, Greg; Raymond, Christopher M.; Corcoran, Jonathan
Applied geography (Sevenoaks),
February 2015, 2015-02-00, Volume:
57
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The concept of place attachment has been studied extensively across multiple disciplines but only recently with empirical measurement using public participation GIS (PPGIS) and related crowd-sourcing ...mapping methods. This research trialed a spatially explicit method for identifying place attachment in a regional study in South Australia. Our research objectives were to (1) analyze and present the spatial results of the mapping method as a benchmark for future research, (2) compare mapped place attachment to the more common practice of mapping landscape values in PPGIS that comprise a values home range, (3) identify how participant socio-demographic and home location attributes influence place attachment, (4) provide some guidance for mapping place attachment in future research. We found large spatial variability in individual place attachment and mapped landscape values using both area and distance-based measures. The area of place attachment is influenced by occupational roles such as farming or conservation, as well as home location, especially in coastal versus non-coastal contexts. The spatial distribution of mapped landscape values or values home range is related to, but not identical to mapped place attachment with just over half of landscape values located outside the area of mapped place attachment. Economic livelihood values, as an indicator of place dependence, and social values, as an indicator of place identity, are more likely to be mapped within the place attachment area. Aggregated place attachment across participants in the region showed similar spatial intensity to aggregated values home range, but area-based assessment of place attachment and values home range are distorted by edge effects such as a coastline. To further develop the mapping of place attachment in PPGIS, we identify knowledge gaps from our study and offer suggestions for future research design.
•Operationalizes and implements a method for mapping place attachment in PPGIS.•Compares place attachment to mapped landscape values, called values home range.•Place attachment is a spatial subset of a values home range.•Place attachment area is influenced by occupation and home location.•Provides suggestions to advance spatial identification of place attachment.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A investigação possui o objetivo de analisar as relações entre a capacidade de gestão pública e o desenvolvimento nos municípios da Região Norte do Brasil. O ambiente do planejamento e do controle na ...gestão pública estão inseridos em um amplo e relevante debate no Brasil para a construção de mecanismos capazes de aperfeiçoar regionalmente a capacidade de gestão municipal em favor da promoção do bem-estar das populações.Todavia, é imprescindível a compreensão das dinâmicas que envolvem as relações entre a gestão pública e o processo de desenvolvimento em cada região brasileira. Nesta perspectiva, por meio de um banco de dados que envolveu os 450 municípios da Região Norte do Brasil, a investigação questiona em que medida a capacidade de gestão municipal está relacionada ao desenvolvimento nos municípios da região Norte do Brasil. Na análise espacial do Índice de desenvolvimento Municipal (IDM), realizada por meio do Box Map, o estudo destacou indicativos de um perfil de cluster de elevado IDM nos Estados do Amazonas e do Pará. No tocante ao Índice de Capacidade de Gestão Municipal (ICGM), a investigação apontou a dimensão terceirização e informação como aquela que apresentou melhor nível de desempenho. O estudo mensurou para a Região Norte do Brasil um IDM de 0,166, classificado como crítico, e um ICGM de 0,358, classificado como em nível de Aler
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A comprehensive understanding of the relationships among ecosystem services (ES) is important for landscape management, decision-making and policy development, but interactions among multiple ES ...remain under-researched. In particular, earlier studies often did not clearly distinguish between supply, flow and demand. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms in complex socio-ecological systems remain less examined. In this study, we therefore aimed to assess interactions among eight key ES, adopting a multistep approach. For all ES, we mapped ES supply, flow and demand at the municipality level in the Alpine Space area. We applied correlation analysis and cluster analysis in order to analyse the linkages between ES and to identify bundles of ES. We used random forest analysis to explain the distribution of the ES bundles and to identify important drivers based on socio-ecological variables (e.g. land use/cover, climate, topography and population density). Our results demonstrate that trade-offs and synergies varied greatly for supply, flow and demand. We identified five ES bundles, distinguishing hotspots of ES supply and demand. Twelve socio-ecological variables correctly predicted the membership of 81% of the municipalities to the ES bundles. Our results suggest that a limited number of socio-ecological variables can explain the majority of the distribution of ES bundles in the landscape. Considering the spatial relationships between mountain regions and their surrounding lowlands, regional and transnational governance frameworks need to connect areas of multiple ES supply to areas of ES demand, and should account for the different levels and types of ES relationships.
Display omitted
•The complexity of relationships among multiple ES is not fully understood.•We analysed eight key ES assessing supply, flow and demand.•We applied a multistep approach including various statistical analyses.•Five ES bundles revealed spatial linkages between major supply and demand areas.•Socio-ecological variables effectively predicted the distribution of bundles (81%).
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Justificativa e objetivos: a aplicação de geotecnologias é importante no auxílio do desenvolvimento de estudos epidemiológicos que visam identificar e distribuir eventos de saúde em populações e ...territórios específicos, além de verificar os fatores que influenciam na ocorrência desses eventos, com vistas à aplicação das evidências nas estratégias de planejamento e controle de doenças, como na pandemia de covid-19. Assim, o estudo objetivou apresentar as evidências científicas que vêm sendo produzidas sobre as geotecnologias aplicadas em estudos epidemiológicos sobre os casos de covid-19. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura (RNL) de cunho descritivo. Para nortear o estudo, foi elaborada a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: o que tem sido produzido sobre as geotecnologias aplicadas em estudos epidemiológicos sobre os casos de covid-19? A busca foi realizada em outubro de 2021, com emprego dos descritores Geographic Information Systems AND Covid-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 AND Epidemiology AND Spatial Analysis na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, Scopus, Web of Science, Portal CAPES. De forma complementar, foi realizada busca por boletins epidemiológicos e cartilhas no site do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Resultados: foram selecionadas 19 fontes de informação que se enquadravam nos objetivos para construção da discussão, sendo elencadas três categorias de análise: Aplicação das geotecnologias; Gestão da informação; Desafios dos estudos epidemiológicos que utilizam dados secundários. Conclusão: evidenciou-se o uso das geotecnologias em estudos epidemiológicos sobre a covid-19 na identificação de áreas de risco para a disseminação da infecção.
PDF
