Human spatial behavior has been the focus of hundreds of previous research studies. However, the conclusions and generalizability of previous studies on interpersonal distance preferences were ...limited by some important methodological and sampling issues. The objective of the present study was to compare preferred interpersonal distances across the world and to overcome the problems observed in previous studies. We present an extensive analysis of interpersonal distances over a large data set (N = 8,943 participants from 42 countries). We attempted to relate the preferred social, personal, and intimate distances observed in each country to a set of individual characteristics of the participants, and some attributes of their cultures. Our study indicates that individual characteristics (age and gender) influence interpersonal space preferences and that some variation in results can be explained by temperature in a given region. We also present objective values of preferred interpersonal distances in different regions, which might be used as a reference data point in future studies.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The need for the development of the riverside area in the central part of the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur is considered. Current economic and socio-cultural factors influencing the functionalities and ...uses of the development are evaluated. A multifactorial spatial analysis was carried out to draw conclusions on the need to change the urban planning approach to the development of the Silinka River floodplain, including the improvement of transport accessibility of the Silinsky Park and revitalization of abandoned and ineffective industrial areas.
The HealthGap study aimed to understand cardiovascular risk among Indigenous Australians in Victoria using linked administrative data. A key challenge was differing spatial coverages of sources: ...state-level data for risk factors but cardiovascular outcomes for three hospitals. Catchments were defined based on hospital postcodes to estimate denominator populations for risk modelling: first- and second-order neighbours, and spatial distribution of outcomes (‘spatial event distribution’). Catchment coverage was assessed through proportions of patients presenting to study hospitals from catchment postcodes. The spatial event distribution performed best, capturing 82% events overall (first-order:40%; second-order:64%) and 65% Indigenous (27% and 45%). No approach excluded proximal non-study hospitals. Spatial event distributions could help define denominator populations when geographic information on outcome data is available but may not avoid potential misclassification.
•Data linkage helps understand health risk in hard-to-reach populations.•Geospatial methods can be used to define at-risk populations in linked data studies.•Study aimed to identify geographical catchments for cardiovascular patients at three hospitals.•Generalisable geographical catchments (first- and second-order neighbours) were limited.•Catchments based on spatial distribution of cardiovascular events were preferred.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Spatial Determinants of Crime in Krakow, 2017-2021 The article presents a spatial analysis of selected types of crimes committed in Krakow in 2017-2021. Spatial data on crimes from the Police ...registers, the numbers of which were presented in tabular form, and data on the distribution of municipal monitoring were used for the research. The first step was to determine the type of spatial distribution of criminal offenses using the Nearest Neighbour Analysis method. As a result of determining the type of distribution as a clustered distribution, a detailed identification of the places of the highest concentration of criminal events in the city was initiated. For this purpose, the method of kernel density estimation showing the distribution of intensity of criminal events was used. Analyzes showed the highest concentration of violent crimes in Krakow in 2017-2021 in the city center, while crimes against property was evenly distributed throughout the city, with the exception of its suburbs. The last stage was a detailed spatial analysis of places defined as "hot spots" in terms of their functional and spatial conditions and situational conditions conducive to or hindering the commission of crimes there. The analysis was made on the basis of the local inspection of "hot spots". The obtained research results were compared to the criminological theories presented in the article and the results of research in this scope presented both in Poland and abroad.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
•Gridded corporate, population, and land-cover datasets were integrated to simulate carbon emissions and sinks at finer geographical scales.•Spatiotemporal variation of intra-city carbon budget and ...its driving mechanisms were mapped and demystified.•Evaluation indicators and formulating methods for intra-city carbon balance zoning were developed.•Reform suggestions of territorial governance and spatial planning system oriented by carbon peaking and neutrality were generated.
Achieving spatiotemporal balance between carbon emissions and sinks at multiple spatial scales is vital for addressing climate change globally. The investigation of carbon budget variation and carbon balance zoning at the intra-city scale, however, has not received much scholarly attention. By integrating firm-level big data with other datasets, this paper aims to simulate high-resolution carbon emissions and sinks and to reveal the spatiotemporal variation of carbon budgets within Nanjing, one of metropolises in eastern China, between 2010 and 2019. We then formulated a carbon balance zoning scheme for 111 township-level regions of Nanjing based on the evaluation indicator system and clustering methods. Empirical results imply that the spatial pattern of carbon emissions has experienced a reshaping tendency from core-periphery to polycentric structure, while the scale and geography of territorial ecosystem carbon sinks remained stabilize during the past decade. There existed a spatial agglomeration effect in functional zones oriented by intra-city carbon balance of Nanjing. These are tied to determinants such as urban expansion, population redistribution, industrial restructuring, as well as regulations on energy use, natural resource supervision and ecosystem protection. The newly built urban sub-centers and new-towns in Nanjing were spatially overlapping with regions where significant changes in carbon budgets occurred. Our findings suggest that the current system of territorial governance should be reformed to support the adoption of major function and carbon balance zoning oriented by carbon peaking and neutrality at finer geographical scales in China.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ecological comprehensive index can quantitatively and visually analyze the temporal and spatial variations of ecological environment quality in a region. Based on the five indices of fractional ...vegetation coverage, leaf area index, total primary productivity, land surface temperature and wetness obtained by MODIS satellite data in 2001, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, and coupled the comprehensive quality of the eco-environment (
), we analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of ecological quality along the Yellow River of Shanxi Province from 2001 to 2020 by using the principal component analysis and spatial autocorrelation method. The results showed that the mean value of
in the study area increased from 0.3354 to 0.4389 during 2001-2020. The ecological quality along the Yellow River of Shanxi Province improved overall, but with obvious temporal and spatial variations. On the large scale, it presented a pattern of "better in the south and worse in the north". There was difference between hills and mountains
•Spatial dynamics of the COVID-2019 in mainland China were examined.•Moran’s I spatial statistic was used with different types of neighbourhoods.•Population-related and medical care-related ...information were considered.•There is a need for spatial analysis to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
On 31 December 2019 an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, was reported. The outbreak spread rapidly to other Chinese cities and multiple countries. This study described the spatio-temporal pattern and measured the spatial association of the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China from 16 January–06 February 2020.
This study explored the spatial epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China. Moran’s I spatial statistic with various definitions of neighbours was used to conduct a test to determine whether a spatial association of the COVID-19 infections existed.
The spatial spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in China was observed. The results showed that most of the models, except medical-care-based connection models, indicated a significant spatial association of COVID-19 infections from around 22 January 2020.
Spatial analysis is of great help in understanding the spread of infectious diseases, and spatial association was the key to the spatial spread during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PDF
