•Analyses the spatiality of mobilisation over oil in Ecuador and Peru.•Process-based comparison of oilfields Yasuní-ITT (Ecuador) and Block 192 (Peru).•State spatial strategies to ensure extractive ...accumulation shape mobilisation.•Mobilisation is local and regarding conditions for extraction in Block 192.•Mobilisation has been national and questioned extraction itself in Ecuador.
The analysis presented in this article departs from observing the differences in the spatiality of mobilising strategies regarding the most contentious and politicised oil projects in neighbouring Ecuador and Peru: Yasuní-ITT and Block 192. In the case of Ecuador’s Yasuní-ITT, mobilisation has been national, removed from the oil project’s spatial embeddedness and directed at oil extraction in itself. In the case of Peru’s Block 192, mobilisation has been local, linked to territory and directed at the terms and conditions of extraction. The deconstruction and reassessment of context emerged through an exploratory and process-based cross-border comparison. The article analyses secondary literature, a large sample of news items regarding the two oilfields, and research interviews with key actors in Ecuador and Peru. It argues that approaches from critical state theory can be applied to explain the spatiality of mobilising strategies. Historical state spatial strategies to ensure accumulation through extractivism, mobilisation over the consequences of such strategies, and the degree to which they continue to enjoy a hegemonic position, are found to be important dimensions shaping the spatiality of mobilisation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Acquisitions often do not reach completion when buyers' initial evaluations change during post-announcement due diligence investigations, but research offers only limited explanations for when such ...deal-cancelling new information will be most common. Drawing from the spatial geography and acquisition strategy literatures, we argue that successful completion of acquisitions can be partially explained by their spatial characteristics. We start by predicting that geographic distance has a particularly strong impact in reducing the likelihood of completing related acquisitions; we then identify contingencies based on multiple forms of direct, contextual, and vicarious experience that can help acquirers overcome the constraints of distance. We test the arguments with a sample of 1,603 domestic acquisitions announced by 724 U.S. chemical manufacturing firms between 1980 and 2004.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This research describes the intra-metropolitan distribution patterns of airport accessibility, employment density, and labor productivity using municipality-level datasets from the Tokyo metropolitan ...region. The geographic data analyses present that inner-city bayfront airport accessibility and cross-industrial employment density are high in municipalities with the designation of urban regeneration districts for economic efficiency and competitiveness, but outer-suburb airport accessibility is not. The intra-metropolitan descriptions further reveal that labor productivity tends to be high in municipalities with high accessibility to the inner-city bayfront airport and a high degree of cross-industrial firm colocation for urbanization economies. From these findings, this article concludes that the significance of spatial strategy in guiding airport-linked firm colocation and intensifying the catalytic impacts of multiple airports through ground transportation investments needs to be more cautiously assessed in Asia's emerging megacities.
•The intra-metropolitan distribution of airport accessibility is analyzed.•Inner-city bayfront airport accessibility is associated with strategic locations.•Outer-suburb airport accessibility is not associated with strategic locations.•Employment density is not associated with airport accessibility.•Labor productivity is associated with strategic locations with high airport accessibility.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Boundary and landmark as visual spatial cues exert different effects in human spatial navigation. However, it is unclear that how different contributions between boundary and landmark are during ...human spatial navigation, and how their learning processes occur. In this study, we addressed these issues by using boundary-based and landmark-based spatial navigation tasks in a large sample of participants. During the task, participants were instructed to learn an object’s location based on boundary or landmark in the learning phase, and then retrieve the object’s location in the testing phase. Firstly, we found significantly lower distance and angular errors, and smaller variability during the boundary-based task than that in the landmark-based task, which suggested that boundary cue might guide more effectively and stably than landmark cue during spatial navigation. Secondly, our results showed that individual’s distance and angular errors declined less across the time in the boundary-based navigation than that in the landmark-based navigation, suggested that the boundary-based learning effect was weaker than the landmark-based learning effect. Finally, we found that boundary-influenced individuals were more proficient in the boundary-based navigation, while landmark-influenced individuals were more proficient in the landmark-based navigation. Together, these findings indicate that boundary has higher effectiveness for guiding but less enhancement for learning than landmark in spatial navigation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This paper explores the significance of unorthodox territorial activisms through the study of Anti‐Fascist Action (AFA), a militant anti‐fascist organisation in the United Kingdom and Ireland that ...operated at its height between 1989 and 1996. In the literature on activist territorialities, little has been written on practices that confront other non‐state territorialities. Likewise, despite a small but growing geographical literature on far right populism, anti‐fascism is under‐researched. Through archival materials and interviews with former activists, I argue that geographers can understand AFA’s militant anti‐fascism as transversal, following Félix Guattari’s theorisation of the term. AFA operated beyond state‐centric modes of territoriality, creating malleable pathways between different operational logics, cross‐cutting state and non‐state forms. Thinking transversally about territory helps to disembed epistemic and ontological framings from dominant statist logics and assumptions, opening up new ways of understanding how movements operate territorially. The paper concludes with reflections for contemporary antifascisms.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article looks at the relation between ideology and the practice of politics concerning the peculiarities of the social context. By comparing the non‐movement in the Middle East, this article ...argues that the Jamaat‐e‐Islami is establishing a war of position to operate safely in secular democratic countries by preparing the support base for future action through a latent political engagement. This article deals with the aspects of political mobilisation and political sociology and emerged out of an ethnographic study. This article argues that the appropriation of methods suitable for working within secular political systems does not imply that the Islamist ideology and politics are secularised.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Public policy interventions concerning rural landscapes have grown significantly in recent decades in many developed countries and internationally, in response to a range of imperatives. These ...include concern for declining biodiversity, heritage and social wellbeing in the face of urbanisation, and structural change in rural economies involving both agricultural intensification and extensification. The public policy response has been a fragmented array of measures, both horizontally (across policy sectors) and vertically (across political-administrative-organisational levels). Against this background, rural landscape policy approaches are analysed in respect to their instrumentality and spatial logic, informed by Hägerstrand's concepts of territorial and spatial competence. A framework for local policy making and policy integration inspired by landscape strategy making approaches is presented and illustrated through four Danish experiments in rural landscapes of various scale and with different policy issues. Results suggest that landscape strategy making represents a promising way to improve policy integration in rural contexts but research is needed to find suitable ways to engage large scale intensive farming with the community based process.
•A conceptual model of rural policy agendas and how they affect local landscapes is presented.•Hägerstrand's concepts of territorial and spatial competences is used to analyse landscape policy.•Mainstream policy instruments and spatial approaches are found to be poorly integrated.•Results from four Danish experiments with landscape strategy making is presented.•Landscape strategy making is found to be a promising away forward in rural policy making.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Under emergencies such as floods and fires or during indoor navigation where cues from local landmarks and a Global Positioning System (GPS) are no longer available, the acquisition of comprehensive ...environmental representation becomes particularly important. Several studies demonstrated that individual differences in cognitive style might play an important role in creating a complete environmental representation and spatial navigation. However, this relationship between cognitive style and spatial navigation is not well researched. This study hypothesized that a specific type of map orientation (north-up vs. forward-up) might be more efficient for individuals with different cognitive styles. Forty participants were recruited to perform spatial tasks in a virtual maze environment to understand how cognitive style may relate to spatial navigation abilities, particularly the acquisition of survey and route knowledge. To measure survey knowledge, pointing direction tests and sketch map tests were employed, whereas, for route knowledge, the landmark sequencing test and route retracing test were employed. The results showed that both field-dependent and field-independent participants showed more accurate canonical organization in their sketch map task with a north-up map than with a forward-up map, with field-independent participants outperforming field-dependent participants in canonical organization scores. The map orientation did not influence the performance of Field-Independent participants on the pointing direct test, with field-dependent participants showing higher angular error with north-up maps. Regarding route knowledge, field-independent participants had more accurate responses in the landmark sequencing tests with a north-up map than with a forward-up map. On the other hand, field-dependent participants had higher accuracy in landmark sequencing tests in the forward-up map condition than in the north-up map condition. In the route retracing test, however, the map orientation had no statistically significant effect on different cognitive style groups. The results indicate that cognitive style may affect the relationship between map orientation and spatial knowledge acquisition.
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