This article explores an alternative model of local and regional economic development, specifically the rise of the non-state ‘place-based’ economic development strategy. Illustrated through a case ...study of the Peel Group’s Atlantic Gateway Strategy in North West England, the article showcases the near-future potential for a growth in alternative place-based economic development strategies designed, orchestrated and implemented by non-state actors. In an era where both state and society find themselves increasingly reliant on non-state actors – in particular major private investment groups – to deliver the future jobs, growth and regeneration of major urban regions, this article highlights a series of important concerns that the rise of non-state spatial strategies pose for place-based economic development interventions.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The present study characterized frequent motion patterns (search strategies) that occurred during spatial navigation in a virtual maze. The research focused on identifying and characterizing some ...search strategies, the temporal progression of strategy-use, and their role in spatial performance. Participants were 112 undergraduate students (42 males and 70 females). We identified three search strategies that predicted spatial performance.
Enfilading refers to an approach-withdrawal pattern of active exploration near a target location.
Thigmotaxis refers to a search strategy that involves continuous contact with the circular wall of the maze.
Visual scan involves active visual exploration while the subject remains in a fixed spatial location and turns round. In addition to identifying these motion patterns, some significant points of the spatial learning process were also detailed where strategies appeared to shift systematically. The applied search strategies in these transitional points have determined overall spatial performance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Despite the fact that photographic stimuli are used across experimental contexts with both human and nonhuman subjects, the nature of individuals' perceptions of these stimuli is still not well ...understood. In the present experiments, we tested whether three orangutans and 36 human children could use photographic information presented on a computer screen to solve a perceptually corresponding problem in the physical domain. Furthermore, we tested the cues that aided in this process by pitting featural information against spatial position in a series of probe trials. We found that many of the children and one orangutan were successfully able to use the information cross-dimensionally; however, the other two orangutans and almost a quarter of the children failed to acquire the task. Species differences emerged with respect to ease of task acquisition. More striking, however, were the differences in cues that participants used to solve the task: Whereas the orangutan used a spatial strategy, the majority of children used a feature one. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed from both evolutionary and developmental perspectives. The novel results found here underscore the need for further testing in this area to design appropriate experimental paradigms in future comparative research settings.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
The economy of Japan has been maturing in the beginning of the 21st century. However, the decrease of population, birth rate, and increase of the aging population are proceeding rapidly especially in ...local cities. As a result, it will become difficult to maintain functions of communities in the future, and it is also forecasted that regional gaps between cities and villages will become large. Being based on regional characteristics, strengthening a wide area in self-sufficiency and exchanges among regions might be called for. This study aims at clarifying the changes of regional characteristics and exchanges among the regions in the Fukuoka wide area, using statistical data and personal trip survey data over the recent decade, paying attention to a new structure of a wide area including cities and villages. As a result, in the Fukuoka wide area, it was made clear that there were six groups which were classified with principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and they have spread concentrically, and become complicated in the recent decade. It might have been influenced by the changes of population distribution and household composition. Moreover, the exchanges among the regions have been broadened in the recent decade. In the Fukuoka wide area,strengthening both self-sufficiency and exchanges among the regions will become important subjects in future.
Der Szenografiediskurs weist trotz intensiver Forschung noch immer begriffliche Lücken auf: Wie bezeichnet man die durch eine Szenografie hervorgebrachte Atmosphäre und den im Raum installierten ...Parcours?Ruth Prangen schlägt hierfür die Begriffe »Szenosphäre« und »Szenotopie« vor, welche sowohl die Raumwahrnehmung der Szenografie mittels phänomenologischer als auch die Raumstruktur anhand (post-)strukturalistischer Analysewerkzeuge erfassbar machen.Dabei kommt ein innovatives künstlerisch-wissenschaftliches Forschungsdesign zur Anwendung, in dem sich Praxis und Theorie begegnen können. Die Ergebnisse werden exemplarisch durch Projekte von verschiedenen Künstler_innen veranschaulicht sowie durch Interviews, darunter mit Werner Ruhnau, und eine Raumbühnenmatrix für zukünftige Inszenierungspraktiken und die Szenografieforschung ergänzt.
Two experiments examined the use of place and response strategies by humans navigating virtual multiple T mazes. In Experiment 1, probe trials revealed that participants commonly used place and ...response strategies, and place strategies were more frequent early in training, whereas response strategies were more frequent late in training. Compared with women, men learned the correct path through the maze more quickly and developed a more stable route through the maze. In Experiment 2, participants were trained to locate 2 targets. One target required participants to use either a place or response strategy, whereas the other target could be found using either strategy. Accuracy improved faster for place training compared with response training, and women outperformed men in both groups. Probe trials testing transfer of the imposed strategy to the other target found faster transfer for place training than for response training and that women demonstrated faster transfer than men. Accuracy on probe trials was correlated with poor route stability in the place-trained group and with good route stability in the response-trained group, indicating that navigation strategy use may be related to measures of improvement in performance on normal trials.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Spatial strategy is an important issue in the context of information released on urban traffic guidance.Research in this area is limited both domestically for China and internationally. Based on the ...analysis of Variable Message Signs (VMS) information released in Beijing in the past two years, this paper gives the proportion characteristics of the information released, containing the time pattern, VMS selection rule and duration. According to the influence degree of different events on the city traffic, regional classification method was used. The zone of information released is divided into three levels; the core affected zone, the first level affected zone and the second level affected zone. Finally, the VMS spatial distribution strategy of the three levels is provided.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A comparative study of a cued face search task is presented in this paper. Human participants and a computer model carried out a task in which they were required to locate a color-cued target face. ...Human-generated eye fixations and scanpaths were compared with those generated by the computational model. Throughout the comparison, we considered the similarities and dissimilarities between the two systems’ performances. Their results show that the eye fixations in a valid cue search are highly correlated with the computer-generated fixation points in a valid cue search but not to those in random and invalid cue searches. Moreover, the comparison between human- and computer-generated scanpaths showed that the scanpath that links the fixation points is not randomly generated. Our results imply that eye movement is accomplished not only by cue-driven activation, but also by a spatial strategy.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Thanks to his personal experience, the author proposes a comprehensive approach to the contemporary uses of geography. He explores ways to transform the academic knowledge that geographers have been ...producing for twenty years into an efficient and valuable type of knowledge helpful in understanding how societies evolve and how to improve the management of companies. Because he is now an entrepreneur eager to take advantage of his academic career, he attempts to explain and formalize what he wants to achieve by selling geographical knowledge as a product. He has promoted a strategy and methods (including fundamental research, the development of products and the commercial positioning of these products) to turn geography into a commodity. This article is somehow a manifesto for what the author calls spatial intelligence, i.e. a technology which makes it possible to create products promoting both spatial strategy and spatial communication, both of which include concepts, cognitive coaching and technologies of communication and expertise.
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