The power distribution, high-order polynomial, bicubic spline interpolation, and geometric construction methods were used to reduce the edge thickness and weight of negative blended lenticular ...lenses. Four lenses with the same optical parameters were designed, simulated, machined, and evaluated using the four methods. Spherical and cylindrical power maps were generated and compared. The methods reduced the edge thickness by 78.73% for power distribution method, 77.40% for high-order polynomial method, 78.12% for bicubic spline interpolation method and 79.86% for geometric construction method for a 35 mm radius compared to that with the spherical surface. Geometric construction, power distribution, high-order polynomial, and bicubic spline interpolation reduced the lens weight by 43.86%, 35.98%, 33.06%, and 29.76%, respectively. The center optical area for the power distribution and geometric construction methods were larger than those with the other methods.
•Power distribution, high-order polynomial, bicubic spline interpolation, and geometric construction profiles were applied.•Four NBL lenses were designed, simulated, manufactured and compared based on their powers, edge thickness and weight.•The optical area of high-order polynomial profile was the smallest to compare with other three profiles.•The edge thickness and weight of the lens obtained using the geometric construction profile showed maximum reduction.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•This essay examines the graffiti work of Zhang Dali in Beijing.•It advances the idea of “counter-spectacle”.•Zhang’s graffiti worked with and against urban spectacularism.•It shows cultural ...expression remains vital to contesting urban change.
This study advances a notion of counter-spectacle in current-day China by examining a graffiti project carried out in Beijing between 1995 and 2005 titled Dialogue by the artist Zhang Dali (张大力). The essay draws attention to the opportunities and limitations for resistance amid urban spectacle and examines them through a detailed case study in an aspiring “world city.” The paper argues that a theory of urban counter-spectacle that integrates the role of oppositional practices at the intersection of cultural and spatial change can help to explain the unstable nature of China’s contemporary urbanism. More broadly, it expands debates on state-society conflict by demonstrating how urban spaces function as sites of social activism and as alternative fora for contentious politics through the production of meaning in specific spaces.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Considering formative twentieth-century theories in relation to contemporary technosocial developments, this article examines ideas of spectacle and surveillance as ways of approaching visual ...politics. I argue that the historically important relationship between the visual and political fields is now intensifying and mutating. First discussing Guy Debord’s The Society of the Spectacle, I show how his influential approach proves inadequate to the politics of image-saturated societies. I next show how critics of imperial and racial spectacles, from Michael Rogin to Claudia Rankine and Tina Campt, provide better ways of engaging power and political contestation in the visual field. Third, I examine how Michel Foucault deployed notions of spectacle in his own work but argued for leaving the term behind, presenting surveillance as not just a different modality of power but also spectacle’s temporal successor. This account remains essential for both historical understanding and reckoning with contemporary surveillance. Fourth, however, as Simone Browne argues, Foucault’s separation between spectacle and surveillance is too stark, his history too prone to occlude race. Furthermore, recent surveillance technologies and practices have changed in ways that confound his terms, while extending and also altering the racial dynamics explored earlier in the essay. Today, even surveillance based on optical media contributes to a “postvisual” image world in which algorithmic, machine-machine communication abets forms of power neither tied to human perception nor graspable as subject formation. With surprising assistance from Debord, I end by discussing the significant theoretical and political challenges posed by the ironies of postvisual visuality.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To determine if 'Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments' (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow childhood myopia progression.
A 2-year double-masked randomised controlled trial was carried out in 183 Chinese ...children aged 8-13 years, with myopia between -1.00 and -5.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.50 D. Children were randomly assigned to wear DIMS (n=93) or single vision (SV) spectacle lenses (n=90). DIMS lens incorporated multiple segments with myopic defocus of +3.50 D. Refractive error (cycloplegic autorefraction) and axial length were measured at 6month intervals.
160 children completed the study, n=79 in the DIMS group and n=81 in the SV group. Average (SE) myopic progressions over 2 years were -0.41±0.06 D in the DIMS group and -0.85±0.08 D in the SV group. Mean (SE) axial elongation was 0.21±0.02 mm and 0.55±0.02 mm in the DIMS and SV groups, respectively. Myopia progressed 52% more slowly for children in the DIMS group compared with those in the SV group (mean difference -0.44±0.09 D, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.37, p<0.0001). Likewise, children in the DIMS group had less axial elongation by 62% than those in the SV group (mean difference 0.34±0.04 mm, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.37, p<0.0001). 21.5% children who wore DIMS lenses had no myopia progression over 2 years, but only 7.4% for those who wore SV lenses.
Daily wear of the DIMS lens significantly retarded myopia progression and axial elongation in myopic children. Our results demonstrated simultaneous clear vision with constant myopic defocus can slow myopia progression.
NCT02206217.
This book explores parallels between two ancient practices – performance and medicine – that are currently coming together in unprecedented ways on theatre stages, in arts and health initiatives, in ...healthcare education and in medical settings. This convergence sheds new light on what it means to be human at a time when the ‘concept of the human’ is being ‘exploded’ (Braidotti, 2013). It studies performance through the lens of medicine, revealing how theatre, like medicine, puts the body on display in order to understand and alleviate human suffering.And it examines medicine as a sort of theatre in which doctors, nurses and patients perform. A wide range of medical performances serve to illustrate the discussion: main stage productions such as Jack Thorne’s adaption of Woycek starring John Boyega, Clod Ensemble’s Placebo and Bryony Kimmings and Brian Lobel’s the Pacifists Guide on the War Against Cancer, but also scenes enacted in a hospital ward, a pathology lab, medical school classrooms, a simulation suite and rehearsal studios. Written from the perspective of a theatre and performance scholar, the book draws on the multiple perspectives enabled by this reciprocal exploration. Through this it addresses recent radical shifts, often provoked by advances in biomedical science, relating to human corporeality, embodiment, subject-hood and subjectivity; and it investigates resulting debates about our humanism and humaneness.
This paper explores themes of precarity, community, and treatment in the novel
(2021) by Puja Changoiwala. The text foregrounds the experiences of migrant workers in India during the COVID-19 ...pandemic of 2020 as they walked home during a nationwide lockdown. The paper locates itself within discourses on health, differential treatment, and intersectional vulnerabilities which are compounded by factors including gender and poverty. It particularly highlights the concepts of precariousness and precarity as opening up multiple avenues for exploration of the migrants’ experience within the neoliberal political economy. The paper argues that it is the pre-existing precarities that are systemic, epistemic, and gendered, which aggravate the vulnerability of communities in a medical crisis. Furthermore, it looks at how social and medical treatment of the workers facilitates violence at the hands of those who perceive them as the ill-other – the police forces, the public, the healthcare workers, and the media. It also questions the logic that underlines spaces such as pandemic camps, which become sites of control more than care, and where medical treatment is inhered in socio-political biases and constructs. The paper argues that apprehending these experiences of socioeconomic and gendered precarities through literature can aid in developing a complex and sustained engagement with unequal socio-political systems that perpetuate violence and vulnerability.
El presente ensayo muestra la influencia del trabajo de Guy Debord en el pensamiento de Giorgio Agamben, en particular, en lo que se refiere a uno de los núcleos de su pensamiento, esto es, la ...diferencia entre “imagen” y “gesto”. Para ello, se recurrirá a tres momentos de su trabajo, partiendo por las “Glosas a los Comentarios de la Sociedad del espectáculo” escritas en 1993, pasando por “El Reino y la Gloria” del año 2007 y terminando en “El Uso de los cuerpos” de 2014. En los tres momentos existen breves referencias a Debord que, sin embargo, conducirán a Agamben a la cuestión del “gesto” o, lo que es igual, a la forma-de-vida.
Background Spectacles are one of the corrective measures for different errors of refraction. A great proportion of people worldwide are blind due to having a high-refractive error while they neglect ...using the appropriate corrective measures. The aim is to study the prevalence of noncompliance to spectacle wear and its predisposing factors among adults with refractive errors in Menoufia and Gharbeya Governorates. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study performed in Menoufia and Gharbeya Governorates included 290 adults recruited from government and private ophthalmological centers. Data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire asking about personal data, ophthalmological data, measures of compliance, and predisposing factors to noncompliance. Results About 38% of the participants were noncompliant to eyeglasses wearing. Among noncompliant, personal causes represented 63.1%, followed by spectacle-related causes (22.5%) and financial causes (14.4%). Rural residence and illiteracy were significantly higher among noncompliant participants. Multivariate analysis revealed that secondary and higher education were independent protective factors against noncompliance. Conclusion Noncompliance to spectacle wear was high and was significantly related to rural residence and higher levels of education.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article examines how Studio Ghibli constructs the mundane activities shown in their films as spectacular. Looking at the history of the ways in which domestic and routine events are depicted in ...Japanese animation, I will use various methodologies, beginning with formalism and phenomenology before moving on to feminism and Marxism to critically analyse several Ghibli films as case studies – My Neighbors The Yamadas (1999, Hōhokekyo Tonari no Yamada kun), Only Yesterday (1991, Omoide Poro Poro), and Howl’s Moving Castle (2004, Hauru no Ugoku Shiro). Using these methodologies, the films are placed into a broader cinematic context, and the filmic legacy of their treatment of the mundane is explored.
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