A short time-on-stream SSITKA method can discriminate between active and inactive surface species under conditions where conventional experimental methods fail.
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► Quick SSITKA ...identifies possible reaction intermediates under real conditions. ► The technique has been applied to (HC-SCR) on Ag catalysts. ► Nitrate-type species do not satisfy the criteria for an intermediate. ► Most isocyanates seen by infrared are spectators. ► An active isocyanate species that may be a reaction intermediate has been identified.
The problem of differentiating between active and spectator species that have similar infrared spectra has been addressed by developing short time-on-stream
in
situ spectroscopic transient isotope experimental techniques (STOS-SSITKA). The techniques have been used to investigate the reaction mechanism for the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO
x
) by hydrocarbons under lean-burn (excess oxygen) conditions on a silver catalyst. Although a nitrate-type species tracks the formation of isotopically labeled dinitrogen, the results show that this is misleading because a nitrate-type species has the same response to an isotopic switch even under conditions where no dinitrogen is produced. In the case of cyanide and isocyanate species, the results show that it is possible to differentiate between slowly reacting spectator isocyanate species, probably adsorbed on the oxide support, and reactive isocyanate species, possibly on or close to the active silver phase. The reactive isocyanate species responds to an isotope switch at a rate that matches that of the rate of formation of the main product, dinitrogen. It is concluded that these reactive isocyanates could potentially be involved in the reduction of NO
x
whereas there is no evidence to support the involvement of nitrate-type species that are observable by infrared spectroscopy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
During the presidency of Miguel Alemán (1946-1952), the film industry in Mexico was one of the most fertile fields for the state intervention in the economic and social life. This industry developed ...based on three parameters: profitability, low quality and predominance of conservative speeches. It is understood that these aspects are indissoluble, and to study the weight of the commercial movies as creator of models, imaginary, and other social issues, we will take into account to three realities: the mechanisms of relation between public power and private initiative in this ambience, the features of the Mexican spectator type and, finally, how the principal genres and themes were spreading messages of acceptance towards the official politicies.
En la Teoría de los Sentimientos Morales (1759), Adam Smith propone una ética fundada en los sentimientos. Esto parece sugerir un relativismo moral, pues los sentimientos, al ser relativos a cada ...sujeto, no poseen una validez transcultural. Aunque algunos comentaristas de Smith sostienen esa lectura de su ética, en este artículo se sugiere ahondar en los elementos que nos permiten alejar esta teoría de dicha posición. En efecto, a partir de nuestra igual naturaleza psicológica, Smith propone una común estructura formal de juicio que da origen a normas materiales universalmente vinculantes.
This article is the Prologue to a symposium undertaken to prompt Adam Smith scholars to explain their understanding of Smith's impartial spectator, particularly in Smith's highest sense of that ...expression. The symposium is not intended to serve as a primer on Smith's impartial spectator; the spirit is coffee-house conversation among Smith scholars, as they address searching questions about the impartial spectator. What is the impartial spectator, in Smith's highest sense of that expression? Does the impartial spectator have knowledge that is super-human? Is the impartial spectator universal? How does the impartial spectator relate to "the man within the breast"? To the being whose hand is invisible? To God?
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"Brand Status" is defined as a measure that examines the equity "health" and "strength" of a brand in each stage of the brand value chain. A six-stage brand value chain model was developed where ...Stage I highlights the marketing efforts of the brand equity building; Stage II focuses on the customer's attitudinal mind-set; Stage III describes actual customer behavioral outcomes (such as attachment and commitment); Stage IV refers to the strength of the brand and its relative advantage in the marketplace (such as brand preference, re-purchase, and premium pricing); Stage V reflects the company gains in sales and profits and the last, Stage VI refers to financial value of the brand for shareholders. Analyzing data obtained from 1,330 fans of basketball clubs gave sufficient evidence to propose a "new" model that can be used to estimate the value scores of the brand's equity status for each of the various stages in the model and provide the brand's total brand equity status score.
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Simona Semenic is a female Slovene playwright whose dramatic writing can be compared on the international level with Sarah Kane, Elfriede Jelinek, Anja Hilling and Ulrike Syha. They all have in ...common the search for linguistic and formal originality of expression, they strive for innovation in their dramatic writing, which will be heard in our world of media-shaped culture and bring an immanent theatrical solution. The paper considers three no longer dramatic texts by Simona Semenic: (1) The Feast or the Story of a Savoury Corpse or How Roman Abramovid, the Character Jansa, Julia Kristeva, age 24, Simona Semenid and the Initials z.i. Found Themselves In a Tiny Cloud of Tobacco Smoke; (2) Sophia or While I Almost Ask for More or a Parable of the Ruler and Wisdom; and (3) 7Cooks, 4Soldiers, 3Sophias. The main characters of all three are tormented and abused women, victims of religious and political wars, and of patriarchal patterns and imposed social roles; thanks to their thematic and formal similarities, the three selected dramas could form a trilogy. The fates of the women, which are based on real people, are presented in a fragmentary way within a timeless fictional frame, while Semenic, through innovative textual strategies, achieves artistic effects and contemplates ethical aspects from a universal perspective, and so her works are relevant everywhere. Her writing is characterised by the undermining of established reading conventions (absence of capital letters or punctuation, writing in verse form, etc.), whereby the reader is included more closely in the process of decoding and interpreting the text. The division between primary text and ancillary text is transcended, since the stage directions are more than just guidelines for staging and become an equal part of the text, with an emphasis on their narrative function (comment on what is happening, narration of events separated by space and time, a means of communicating with the audience, etc.). The addressee of the dramatic text must thus think about the basic relations, who is speaking and to whom, as well as about the status of the author, the dramatic characters and their own position. The reader/spectator is emotionally and cognitively more involved in what is happening and becomes to a large extent a participant and consequently shares responsibility for the state of society and the world. Although Semenic breaks the basic dramatic conventions, she at the same time relativises and revitalises them in metadramatic form, while the new textual strategies are most closely connected with the questions of reception and the power of theatre in today's world. Key words Slovene drama; Simona Semenic (1975-); dramatic form; stage directions; spectator
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499.
eParticipation in Sports Uran, Christoph; Wöllik, Helmut; Müller, Alfred
Procedia engineering,
2016, 2016-00-00, Volume:
147
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
The term eParticipation in its traditional form is most frequently associated with eGovernment and eDemocracy. It describes approaches to maximize the amount of persons involved in the process of ...political or public decision-making. There have already been attempts to broaden the scope of eParticipation for the fields of tourism and cultural heritage. In this paper, we describe an approach to apply the methods of eParticipation to large scale sport events, which have a pre-defined start and finish. Currently, the tracking of athletes in such events has certain limitations. Either it has a coarse resolution, because it depends on the placement of RFID timing stations, or it is expensive to achieve for a large number of athletes if they are equipped with GPS trackers. In this paper we propose a new method to locate athletes in a fine resolution but without the drawbacks of installing additional infrastructure or equipping every athlete with a dedicated tracker. This is achieved by crowd-sourcing the acquisition of athlete tracking data. The knowledge of every spectator along the track who is willing to participate is being used to locate athletes at any given time. Thereby the spectators have the possibility to participate in a community which enables them to share the location of passing athletes using their smartphone and an app that communicates with a server. Simultaneously, they can track the athletes they care about on a live map via the smartphone app. In order to deliver reliable results, the system is able to differentiate between various data sources such as conventional timing stations, authenticated users and anonymous users. Different confidence levels are assigned to each of these data sources, which enables a reliable athlete tracking. The information that the users need can be found and delivered to them through the use of sophisticated data analysis. This in turn keeps the newly created ecosystem interesting for a broad variety of spectators. Furthermore, this paper presents the results generated by the proposed system at the Ironman World Championship 2015 in Hawaii.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
specialists in recent years. Modern approaches to study the reasons and frequency aspects of the show audienceparticipation sport, the level of affiliation to the team, the aggressive behavior of ...spectators, most fitting that conductconsumer behavior.Aims - highlighting the structure and behavior of the general features of the audience to play handballSubjects and methods - I applied to a game of handball viewers a non-standardized questionnaire of 15 items, with themajor content themes developed by the literatureResults and discussion - the raw data were processed with Excel and SPSS statistical packages, calculating descriptiveand inferential statistical indices, which were the basis for interpretation of results.Conclusions - The study highlighted a number of features of spectators at games of handball, information analyzedaccording to socio-demographic parameters studied: gender, age, education completed.
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