The rapid transformation of our communities and our way of life due to modern technologies has impacted sports as well. Artificial intelligence, computational intelligence, data mining, the Internet ...of Things (IoT), and machine learning have had a profound effect on the way we do things. These technologies have brought changes to the way we watch, play, compete, and also train sports. What was once simply training is now a combination of smart IoT sensors, cameras, algorithms, and systems just to achieve a new peak: The optimum one. This paper provides a systematic literature review of smart sport training, presenting 109 identified studies. Intelligent data analysis methods are presented, which are currently used in the field of Smart Sport Training (SST). Sport domains in which SST is already used are presented, and phases of training are identified, together with the maturity of SST methods. Finally, future directions of research are proposed in the emerging field of SST.
With increased professionalism in sport there has been a greater interest in the scientific approach to training and recovery of athletes. Applying appropriate training loads along with adequate ...recovery, is essential in gaining maximal adaptation in athletes, while minimizing harm such as overreaching, overtraining, injury and illness. Although appropriate physical stress is essential, stress for many athletes may come from areas other than training. Stress from may arise from social or environmental pressure, and for many athletes who combine elite athletic training with university study, academic workloads create significant stress which adds to the constant pressure to perform athletically. This research aimed to determine if subjective stressors were associated with counterproductive training adaptations in university athletes. Moreover, it aimed to elucidate if, and when, such stressors are most harmful (i.e., certain times of the academic year or sports training season). We monitored subjective (mood state, energy levels, academic stress, sleep quality/quantity, muscle soreness, training load) and objective (injury and illness) markers in 182 young (18-22 years) elite athletes over a 4-year period using a commercially available software package. Athletes combined full-time university study with elite sport and training obligations. Results suggest athletes were relatively un-stressed with high levels of energy at the beginning of each university semester, however, energy levels deteriorated along with sleep parameters toward the examination periods of the year. A logistical regression indicated decreased levels of perceived mood (0.89, 0.85-0.94, Odds Ratio and 95% confidence limits), sleep duration (0.94, 0.91-0.97) and increased academic stress (0.91, 0.88-0.94) and energy levels (1.07, 1.01-1.14) were able to predict injury in these athletes. Examination periods coincided with the highest stress levels and increased likelihood of illness. Additionally, a sudden and high increase in training workload during the preseason was associated with an elevated incidence of injury and illness (
= 0.63). In conclusion, young elite athletes undertaking full-time university study alongside their training and competition loads were vulnerable to increased levels of stress at certain periods of the year (pre-season and examination time). Monitoring and understanding these stressors may assist coaches and support staff in managing overall stress in these athletes.
Planning proper sports training has always been a very challenging task for coaches. In line with this, they need to have almost two special abilities: firstly, to have a lot of earlier experiences ...with sports training and secondly, to know the capability of their athletes very well. New ways in planning sports training have emerged with development of pervasive and mobile technologies. Recently, a GPS receiver is one of the most useful parts of each standard sports watch that enables athletes to track the duration of their sports activities and analyze them later on digital computers using GPS viewers. Most sport׳s watches are also capable of measuring an athlete׳s heart rate during activities. Both measures represent reliable data sources that can be used for planning the sports trainings by coaches. In this paper, we introduce a novel intelligent planning method for sports training sessions, where the training plans are generated on digital computers using the bat algorithm according to reliable data obtained from sports watches. Real-world experiments showed promising results that encouraged us to proceed with this research also in the future.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Virtual reality (VR) has been successfully applied to a broad range of training domains; however, to date there is little research investigating its benefits for sport psychology training. We ...hypothesized that using high-fidelity VR systems to display realistic 3D sport environments could trigger anxiety, allowing resilience-training systems to prepare athletes for real-world, high-pressure situations. In this work we investigated the feasibility and usefulness of using VR for sport psychology training. We developed a virtual soccer goalkeeping application for the Virginia Tech Visionarium VisCube (a CAVE-like display system), in which users defend against simulated penalty kicks using their own bodies. Using the application, we ran a controlled, within-subjects experiment with three independent variables: known anxiety triggers, field of regard, and simulation fidelity. The results demonstrate that a VR sport-oriented system can induce increased anxiety (physiological and subjective measures) compared to a baseline condition. There were a number of main effects and interaction effects for all three independent variables in terms of the subjective measures of anxiety. Both known anxiety triggers and simulation fidelity had a direct relationship to anxiety, while field of regard had an inverse relationship. Overall, the results demonstrate great potential for VR sport psychology training systems; however, further research is needed to determine if training in a VR environment can lead to long-term reduction in sport-induced anxiety.
Objectives This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a specifically designed mindfulness-acceptance-insight-commitment (MAIC) training program on relevant psychological factors (i.e., ...mindfulness, acceptance, performance-related satisfaction) as well as sport training performance for elite adolescent athletes from Hong Kong. And it also aimed to explore the athletes’ real experiences (i.e., receptiveness and perceptions) of completing the MAIC program. Methods and design The mixed-method was used in this study, including a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a qualitative exploration. The RCT employed a 2 (groups) x 3 (data collection points) design involving 40 elite adolescent athletes from the Hong Kong Sports Institute (HKSI). These athletes were randomly assigned to either the MAIC training group (MT; n = 20, Mage = 15.65) or the control group (CG; n = 20, Mage = 15.85) to further test the effectiveness of the MAIC intervention on mindfulness, acceptance, performance-related satisfaction, and sport training performance. Subsequent to the RCT, the qualitative exploration was used to explore the athletes’ real experiences towards the MAIC program. In the qualitative exploration, all athletes who participated in the MAIC program were invited to participate in voluntary semi-structured interviews. Of these, 14 athletes chose to take part in the interviews. The RCT employed a 2×3 mixed-design ANOVA, while thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative exploration. Results The results revealed that the MAIC training program significantly enhanced athletes’ mindfulness, acceptance, satisfaction with performance, and sport training performance. However, these effects diminished at the follow-up assessment compared to post-training. Notably, the acceptance level of MT athletes did not significantly differ from CG athletes at the follow-up assessment. Additionally, the qualitative analysis identified four key dimensions: (a) Attitude towards MAIC training, (b) Reflection on the MAIC learning process, (c) Outcomes of MAIC training, and (d) Recommendations for future MAIC training. Overall, the qualitative findings complemented and reinforced the quantitative results, offering deeper insights into athletes’ experiences and valuable suggestions for further enhancing the MAIC program. Conclusion The findings suggested that the specifically designed MAIC training program in this study effectively enhanced sport training performance and various psychological factors among elite adolescent athletes from Hong Kong. Nevertheless, further investigations are still required to comprehensively evaluate and further develop the MAIC training program.
Purpose
The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had devastating impact on sporting activities, education and global health. Given the impact of the pandemic-related restrictions and closed ...fitness centers and other sports facilities, the coping strategies adopted by athletes while training at home to continue their training remain an important question. The purpose of this review is to examine the findings of key studies focusing on the impact of the pandemic on sport training.
Design/methodology/approach
A review was conducted on Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed to identify articles on physical activity and sport training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eligibility criteria included peer-reviewed empirical and quantitative studies. The selected articles were reviewed using contextual analysis.
Findings
The COVID-19 pandemic had devastating impact on sports activities globally. Studies evaluating the influence of the pandemic on sports training have revealed abysmal decline in training volume and general physical fitness, limited access to facilities and equipment and significant reduction in training load. The damage of the pandemic on the sporting world should serve as a guide for proactive steps that should be taken to prevent recurrence of a similar calamity.
Originality/value
This paper highlights important lessons to be learned from the lockdown imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic by stakeholders in sport, including the importance of improvisation of sports facilities by utilizing available spaces at home and neighborhood for physical training.
To overview a framework that provides a theoretically-grounded approach to predicting the types of modified perceptual training tasks that will stimulate transfer of improved perceptual skills to ...sport performance environments. Modified perceptual training (MPT) collectively describes on- or off-field sports training tasks that are specifically designed to develop visual and perceptual-cognitive skill. Traditional training approaches in sport include sports vision training and perceptual-cognitive training, while recently, new technologies have enabled a broad range of additional MPT tools to become available to coaches and athletes.
Short literature review and opinion article.
Literature in the fields of sports vision training and perceptual-cognitive training are summarised and contrasted. A selection of emerging MPT technologies are then overviewed. This leads to the identification of three interacting factors of MPT task design that may influence the task’s capacity to transfer improved training performance to actual competition: (i) the targeted perceptual function, (ii) stimulus correspondence, and (iii) response correspondence, which are assimilated with key tenets of representative learning design.
These three theoretically-grounded differences are adopted to support and justify the structure of the Modified Perceptual Training Framework which sets out predictions for future research to test in order to clarify the transfer effect of MPT tools.
The application of the Modified Perceptual Training Framework may assist in future testing, design and selection of beneficial training tools in sport and as such, is predicted to have significant impact in empirical and practical settings.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Personality traits have close relationships with risky behaviors in various domains, including physical education, competition, and athletic training. It is yet little known about how trait ...personality dimensions associate with risk events and how vital factors, such as risk perception, could affect the happening of risk events in adolescent athletes. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the prediction of risk events by regression analysis with dimensions of personality, risk perception and sports, relations between risk events, risk perception, and the facets of the personality dimensions via data collecting from 664 adolescent athletes aged 13-18 years (male 364, female 300). Secondary intent is to assess school-specific levels of training risks among sports schools, regular schools, and sports and education integrated schools. The results show that psychology events are the strongest predicted by personality traits, risk perception, and sports, followed by injury and nutrition. Emotionality has the most significant positive correlation with risk events, while other traits have a significant negative correlation with risk events, except agreeableness. The integration schools are more conducive to the healthy development of adolescent athletes' personalities. Moreover, the research indicates that sports training can strengthen the development directions of different personality characteristics.
Introduction: Pronated foot, as one of the common foot abnormalities can affect the biomechanics of the lower extremity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the scientific research ...related to the application of various exercise protocols on foot pronation complications, as well as to make favorable summary and provide more appropriate information from previous research. In this study, the search for articles in Persian and Latin languages in 2019-2022 was carried out on WOS, Magiran, PubMed, Springer databases, and Google Scholar. The number of 52 related articles was selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After another review on these papers, 18 articles that evaluated the effects of training protocols on body mechanics in individuals with pronated feet were selected.
Conclusion: It seems that performing exercise to improve balance, strengthening the quadriceps muscles, and not change the lower extremity joints angles during activity has been effective. Therefore, it is suggested that rehabilitation professionals consider reinforcement activities in the process of recovering pronated using the principles and science practice.
Tujuan dilaksanakannya program: (1) sebagai peningkatan peran serta masyarakat khususnya akademisi dibidang pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga yang bergelut dalam pengembangan olahraga Futsal agar ...memiliki tambahan dari segi finansial; (2) meningkatkan peran serta permerhati dan pecinta olahraga Futsal agar raihan prestasi Asosiasi Futsal Kota Palopo meningkat, dimana animo masyarakat terkait olahraga Futsal sangat tinggi namun raihan prestasi di tingkat Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan sangat minim. Program ini melibatkan 2 mitra: Mandiri Futsal Akademy (mitra 1) dan Kompleks dan Gedung Olahraga Sinar Setuju (mitra 2). Permasalahan mitra 1, Pemasaran, publikasi kurang menarik/komunikatif, tenaga pelatih yang belum berlisensi dan membutuhkan sentuhan teknologi dibidang olahraga Futsal. Mitra 2 merupakan kompleks olahraga terkemuka di Kota Palopo, dengan kapasitas 2 lapangan Futsal dan 2 lapangan Bulutangkis indoor. Namun masih membutuhkan perbaikan dibidang Manajemen keuangan, administrasi, dan Pelayanan. Pelaksanaan program dikemas dalam 3 (tiga) tahapan yakni: alur pelaksanaan program PKM ini dimulai dari, 1) Tahap persiapan, 2) tahap pelaksanaan, dan 3) tahap monitoring dan evaluasi.
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