•We get the pth (p≥2) moment exponential stability of Markovian asynchronous switched systems with Léevy noise and input delay by Lyapunov functional approach.•The almost sure exponential stability ...of hybrid stochastic system with input delay and Léevy noise is investigated for sufficiently small time delay by Lyapunov function candidate and comparison principle.•Both switching signals and systems state have input delays.•Make full use of the Markov chain of the dynamic equation and the coupling between the shift part and the diffusion part.
The almost sure exponential stabilization and pth moment exponential stabilization for hybrid stochastic system (HSS) with control input delay, Lévy noise and asynchronous switching will be studied in this paper. Adequate conditions will be built to ensure the pth moment stability for the HSS which refer to the sizes of the delays by taking full advantage of Lyapunov functional approach. We investigate the almost sure exponential stability standard of nominal systems by using compound Lyapunov function method with modal dependence. In addition, we further study the almost sure exponential stability for HSS with Lévy noise and delayed feedback controller according to the comparison principle for sufficiently small delays as long as the nominal system is almost surely exponentially stable. An example and some simulations will propose to illustrate the results.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Cement stabilization is a widely applied technique in improving the workability and geotechnical properties of soft clay. This paper investigated the influence of cement stabilization on the ...soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the deformation behavior of unsaturated cement–stabilized soft clay. The combined effect of cementation and partial saturation on the hydromechanical behavior of cement-stabilized soils was discussed. The SWCC of stabilized soil was measured in the full suction range under drying and wetting paths using the pressure plate method, the filter paper method, and the vapor equilibrium technique. The deformation behaviors of cement-stabilized soft soil were investigated by conducting suction-controlled oedometer tests. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope micrographs and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests were performed to investigate the effects of cement content on the evolution of soil pore structures. The test results showed that the water retention capacity of the stabilized soft clay increased with increasing cement content. The SWCC showed a significant hysteretic behavior in the boundary effect zone and transition zone, whereas the hysteretic effect was unapparent in the residual zone. The increased cement content had a more significant hysteretic effect on the SWCC. The deformation resistance capacity increased as the cement content and matric suction increased. However, the effect of matric suction on deformation resistance capacity decreased as the cement content increased. With the increase in cement content, the macropores were converted to small interaggregate pores, the pore spaces were distributed more uniformly, and the particle surface became rougher, resulting in higher water retention capacity and significant hysteresis of the SWCC.
The lipase from
Thermomyces laguginosus (formerly
Humicola laguginosa) (TLL) is a basophilic and noticeably thermostable enzyme, commercially available in both soluble and immobilized form. Although ...initially oriented toward the food industry, the enzyme has found applications in many different industrial areas, from biodiesel production to fine chemicals (mainly in enantio and regioselective or specific processes). This review intends to show some of the most relevant aspects of the use of this interesting enzyme. After checking the enzyme features, some of the most efficient methods of TLL immobilization will be commented. Finally, the main uses of the enzyme will be revised, with special emphasis in the modification of fats and oils, production of biodiesel, resolution of racemic mixtures, enantioselective hydrolysis of prochiral esters and regioselective process involving sugar preparations. In many instances, TLL has been compared to other lipases, the advantages or disadvantages of the enzyme will be discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The presence of unstable heavy metals in sewage sludge (SS) restricts its resource utilization. In this study, Ca(H2PO4)2 and SS were co-pyrolyzed to produce biochar, which contained relatively ...stable heavy metals. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission techniques were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content of the biochar. The results indicated that co-pyrolysis of SS with Ca(H2PO4)2 resulted in the production of more stable heavy metals in the SS. The optimal co-pyrolysis conditions were a blended ratio of 15% Ca(H2PO4)2, 650 °C final temperature, 15 °C min−1, and 60 min retention time. The potential stabilization mechanisms of heavy metals were as follows: (1) organic decomposition and moisture (sourced from Ca(H2PO4)2 decomposition) evaporation resulted in greater biochar surface porosity; (2) phosphorous substances were complexed with heavy metals to form metal phosphates; and (3) the mixture reactions among inorganic substances, pyrolysis products of organics, and heavy metals resulted in the formation of highly aromatic metallic compounds. Additionally, the potential environmental risks posed by the heavy metals decreased from 65.73 (in SS) to 4.39 (in biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of SS and 15% of Ca(H2PO4)2). This study reports on a good approach for the disposal of SS and the reduction of its environmental risk.
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•Co-pyrolysis with Ca(H2PO4)2 decreased the ash content and H/C molar ratio of SS.•Co-pyrolysis with 15% Ca(H2PO4)2 rapidly decreased SS ecological risk.•Organic decomposition and moisture evaporation resulted in a more porous in biochar.•The formation of metal phosphates facilitated heavy metal stabilization in biochar.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The emulsions stabilized by solid particles, Pickering emulsion, have excellent stability and are environmentally friendly compared to the emulsions stabilized by surfactants upon most occasions. The ...physical–chemical properties of emulsion system, such as stimuli responsive, controllable release and mechanical strength can be precisely tuned through the particle properties and preparation process. This review has carried on the target-oriented summary about the recent progress and applications of multiple Pickering emulsions. The unique superiority of Pickering stabilization at liquid–liquid interface is discussed. The particle wettability has been proved to play an important role in emulsions formation and stabilization. How to prepare multiple Pickering emulsions successfully are described based on emulsification process and novel technologies. And the influence of particles on the multiple emulsion properties are analyzed. In addition, we present the applications of multiple emulsions in material preparation, such as microspheres and microcapsules, and its application for reaction process is prospected.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In article number 1808050, V. Prasad Shastri and co‐workers describe the formation of a new perfused blood vessel. The stabilization of this neovessel by a mechanically defined hydrogel ...microenvironment through the recruitment (extravasation) of mechanosensing CD11b+/piezo‐1+ cells by this microenvironment is depicted against the backdrop of a hematoxylin‐eosinstained image of a skeletal muscle.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•A multiprocess reaction dynamics program is applied to H + O2 + M → HO2 + M.•All reaction channels are treated in the same dynamical procedure.•This a procedure may be applied to ...study other termolecular reactions.
We present a multiprocess reaction dynamics program to study the termination reaction H + O2 + M → HO2 + M, one main uncertainty source in hydrogen combustion studies. We simulate the behavior of a mixture of hydrogen atoms and oxygen molecules at different conditions of temperature and pressure, using classical mechanics and accurate Potential Energy Surfaces. In this simulation we treat all the reaction channels, including the stabilization step, in the same dynamical procedure. The contribution of the collisional effects on all the reactions is also accounted for. Following the fate of the excited HO2∗ radical, we analyze the collisional stabilization and estimate the kinetic parameters of the involved reactions. A Lindemann-Hinshelwood type reaction scheme is shown to be able to describe the kinetics of this reaction as a function of pressure and temperature. This way, we propose a procedure to directly study termolecular reactions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper analyzes the ability of magnesium oxide-based additives to stabilise a low bearing gypsum marly soil, in order to reach subgrade requirements. This soil was not adequate for stabilisation ...with lime or cement because of its high sulphate content. Binders considered in this investigation were composed of three reactive Mg products and by products, both with and without ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBS). They were compared to two cements and an aerial lime as soil stabilisers in a laboratory investigation and a field trial. Laboratory tests showed that Mg products with GGBS reached strength results close and at times even better than those of cement. One of the Mg products was the only additive able to reduce the natural soil swelling. Leaching tests demonstrated the ability of the Mg products to reduce the soil leaching of substances like calcium, magnesium, sulphate and chloride. In field trials two of the Mg products combined with GGBS met the bearing capacity requirements for subgrades, in accordance with the Spanish standard.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper presents two modular grad–div algorithms for calculating solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations (NSE). These algorithms add to an NSE code a minimally intrusive module that implements ...grad–div stabilization. The algorithms do not suffer from either solver breakdown or debilitating slow down for large values of grad–div parameters. Stability and optimal-order convergence of the methods are proven. Numerical tests confirm the theory and illustrate the benefits of these algorithms over a fully coupled grad–div stabilization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Heavy metal stabilization by chemical chelating agent and solidification by cement are technologies currently used to reduce the leaching of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ...fly ash. This paper studied the physico-chemical properties of the fly ash, heavy metals content in the fly ash, and the leaching concentration of the heavy metals from fly ash. The effect of four chelating agents namely dithiocarbamate (1#), dithiocarbamic acid dipotassium salt (2#), amino dithiocarbamate chelating resin (3#) and thiourea (4#) on the stabilization and leaching of heavy metals were investigated. Different addition ratios (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) of the chelating agents, various curing time (7, 14, 28 days), and different amounts of the cement (10%, 15% and 20% w/w) were used in order to find the agent with the optimum stabilization and leaching of heavy metals as well as find the effect of combining the agent and cement. The results showed that the dithiocarbamate (1#) chelating agent had the best stabilizing performance due to the three-dimensional structure after their reaction. The addition of cement to the fly ash led to the immobilization of heavy metals due to the C-S-H gel formation. The technology of cement solidification and chelating agent stabilization was optimal from the point of economic cost and the complexity aspect.
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•The stabilization performance of four chemical chelating agents in MSWI fly ash was compared.•Dithiocarbamate presents the best stabilization character among the four agents.•Stabilized agents combined with solidified cements show better performance.•Cd is more difficult to stabilized/solidified than the other heavy metals.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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