Cartwheel assembly is considered the first step in the initiation of procentriole biogenesis; however, the reason for persistence of the assembled human cartwheel structure from S phase to late ...mitosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate mainly using cell synchronization, RNA interference, immunofluorescence and time-lapse-microscopy, biochemical analysis, and methods that the cartwheel persistently assembles and maintains centriole engagement and centrosome integrity during S phase to late G2 phase. Blockade of the continuous accumulation of centriolar Sas-6, a major cartwheel protein, after procentriole formation induces premature centriole disengagement and disrupts pericentriolar matrix integrity. Additionally, we determined that during mitosis, CDK1-cyclin B phosphorylates Sas-6 at T495 and S510, disrupting its binding to cartwheel component STIL and pericentriolar component Nedd1 and promoting cartwheel disassembly and centriole disengagement. Perturbation of this phosphorylation maintains the accumulation of centriolar Sas-6 and retains centriole engagement during mitotic exit, which results in the inhibition of centriole reduplication. Collectively, these data demonstrate that persistent cartwheel assembly after procentriole formation maintains centriole engagement and that this configuration is relieved through phosphorylation of Sas-6 by CDK1-cyclin B during mitosis in human cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this paper, a streak tube laser lidar(STIL) based on cathode gating (CG) method is introduced,range gating of laser echo is realized by triggering the photocathode voltage of the streak tube. A ...Nd:YAG pulse laser is used as the light source, with a wavelength of 532 nm and a maximum repetition rate of 10 Hz,the raw image was collected by CCD with a resolution of 640×480. Imaging experiments of a target with a stand-off distance of 2 km are carried out by using the developed STIL system, the intensifier gating (IG) method and the CG method were used respectively. The experimental results show that, compared with IG mode, the CG mode with the same parameters has the advantages of strong detection ability and high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). It is proved that CG mode is more suitable for the range gating of the STIL, and the SNR of the raw image is raised from 4.2 dB in non-gating mode to 16.8 dB in CG mode which effectively improves the image definition.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The centrosome plays an essential role in maintaining genetic stability, ciliogenesis and cell polarisation. The core of the centrosome is made up of two centrioles that duplicate precisely once ...during every cell cycle to generate two centrosomes that are required for bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Abundance of centriole proteins at optimal levels and their recruitment to the centrosome are tightly regulated in time and space in order to restrict aberrant duplication of centrioles, a phenomenon that is observed in many cancers. Recent advances have conclusively shown that dedicated ubiquitin ligase‐dependent protein degradation machineries are involved in governing centriole duplication. These studies revealed intricate mechanistic insights into how the ubiquitin ligases target different centriole proteins. In certain cases, a specific ubiquitin ligase targets a number of substrate proteins that co‐regulate centriole assembly, prompting the possibility that substrate‐targeting occurs during formation of the sub‐centriolar structures. There are also instances where a specific centriole duplication protein is targeted by several ubiquitin ligases at different stages of the cell cycle, suggesting synchronised actions. Recent evidence also indicated a direct association of E3 ubiquitin ligase with the centrioles, supporting the notion that substrate‐targeting occurs in the organelle itself. In this review, we highlight these advances by underlining the mechanisms of how different ubiquitin ligase machineries control centriole duplication and discuss our views on their coordination.
Correct duplication of centrioles is crucial for chromosomal stability and cell polarisation. Centriole over‐duplication is controlled via ubiquitin ligase‐mediated degradation of key centriole duplication proteins. While during mitosis and G1, APC/C‐Cdh1 targets STIL, SAS‐6 and CPAP for degradation; these proteins as well as Plk4 and CP110 are targeted by specific SCF‐ubiquitin ligases during S and G2. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of various ubiquitin ligases regulating centriole duplication.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Landscape Gouache Schwahn, Wolfgang
Restaurator,
12/2022, Volume:
43, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This article gives an overview over the development of gouache painting – from Flemish
, Lenten cloths (
paintings), miniature paintings, and landscape gouache in “heroic” and “rustic” styles to the ...landscape veduta of Alpine sceneries. The – often confusing – usage of the term gouache will be discussed and traced back in history, leading to a clear definition of our present-day conception. The findings are based on the study of art technological sources as well as observations of gouache paintings from a variety of different artists including Hans Bol, Marco Ricci, James Stuart, and Johann Ludwig Aberli. The author’s own experiences with gouache painting will also feed into the portrayal of a technique which in the past has often been disparaged and is underrepresented in the art technological research.
Centriole assembly at a glance Gönczy, Pierre; Hatzopoulos, Georgios N
Journal of cell science,
02/2019, Volume:
132, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The centriole organelle consists of microtubules (MTs) that exhibit a striking 9-fold radial symmetry. Centrioles play fundamental roles across eukaryotes, notably in cell signaling, motility and ...division. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we cover the cellular life cycle of this organelle - from assembly to disappearance - focusing on human centrioles. The journey begins at the end of mitosis when centriole pairs disengage and the newly formed centrioles mature to begin a new duplication cycle. Selection of a single site of procentriole emergence through focusing of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) and the resulting assembly of spindle assembly abnormal protein 6 (SAS-6) into a cartwheel element are evoked next. Subsequently, we cover the recruitment of peripheral components that include the pinhead structure, MTs and the MT-connecting A-C linker. The function of centrioles in recruiting pericentriolar material (PCM) and in forming the template of the axoneme are then introduced, followed by a mention of circumstances in which centrioles form
or are eliminated.
F. M. Dostoevskijs Werke sind ohne eine Analyse der Originalsprache kaum zu verstehen. Die bisher veröffentlichten Übersetzungen geben deren stilistische Besonderheit meist nicht angemessen wieder, ...insbesondere da gleiche Wörter in beiden Sprachen abweichende Bedeutungen haben. Daher sollte der grenzüberschreitende Dialog mit dem Autor neu geführt werden und auch eine Analyse seiner Sprache miteinbeziehen.
Dostoevskij gilt als schlechter Stilist. Das aber rührt vor allem daher, dass er einer rationalen Sprache eine emotional bestimmte Rede vorzieht, die auf die Magie des gesprochenen Wortes setzt, nicht auf Vernunft und Argumentation. Das dürfte auch für künftige Übersetzungen relevant sein und führt vor Augen, welche Verständnisprobleme im Ost-West-Dialog noch zu überwinden sind.
Overexpression of SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (STIL) has been observed in various cancer types. However, the clinical significance of STIL in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. Cox ...regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of STIL. Go and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were also carried out. Immune infiltrates analyses were conducted based on TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource) and GAPIA databases. STIL expression was highly expressed in HCC tissues, based on multiple databases. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis showed STIL-related to tumorigenesis and progress. Furthermore, STIL was significantly correlated with immune infiltration. STIL serves as a biomarker for the prediction of patient survival.
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an uncommon, but aggressive form of breast cancer that accounts for a disproportionally high fraction of breast cancer related mortality. The aim of this study was ...to explore the peripheral immune response and the prognostic value of blood-based biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), in a large IBC cohort.
We retrospectively identified 127 IBC patients and collected lab results from in-hospital medical records. The differential count of leukocytes was determined at the moment of diagnosis, before any therapeutic intervention. A cohort of early stage (n = 108), locally advanced (n = 74) and metastatic breast cancer patients (n = 41) served as a control population.
The NLR was significantly higher in IBC compared to an early stage breast cancer cohort, but no difference between IBC patients and locally advanced breast cancer patients was noted. In the metastatic setting, there was also no significant difference between IBC and nIBC. However, a high NLR (>4.0) remained a significant predictor of worse outcome in IBC patients (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.24–1.00; P = .05) and a lower platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (≤210) correlated with a better disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28–0.93; P = .03).
Patients with a high NLR (>4.0) have a worse overall prognosis in IBC, while the PLR correlated with relapse free survival (RFS). Since NLR and PLR were not specifically associated with IBC disease, they can be seen as markers of more extensive disease.
•There is no association between NLR or PLR and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC).•IBC and non-inflammatory breast cancer elicit a similar peripheral immune response.•A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with a worse overall survival in IBC.•A high platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) correlates with a worse disease-free survival in IBC.•An elevated PLR or NLR should be seen as a marker of more extensive disease in IBC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
People have a fascinating capacity to picture their actions from an external vantage point. Much of the research on this third-person imagery has focused on the specific effects it has on cognition ...due to the elements of episodic experience that it lacks relative to first-person imagery. Other research focuses on the information that the third-person provides that first-person imagery lacks. We propose a more systematic approach that conceptualises how third-person imagery's various effects interrelate due to a common underlying social-cognitive function. Specifically, we outline an integrative model proposing that third-person and first-person imagery cause people to adopt qualitatively distinct processing styles. This model explains many of the diverse effects that have been documented in the literature and helps reconcile seemingly discrepant findings. We conclude with recommendations for strategies to more systematically investigate the functions of visual perspective in mental imagery to build more comprehensive understanding of this phenomenological variable.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Recent research suggests that dysfunctional expectations are a particularly important subtype of cognitions in depression. However, it is unclear whether depressive symptoms are related to ...the presence of negative expectations, the absence of positive expectations, or both.
Methods
Using hierarchical linear regression analyses, the present study examined the predictive value of positive situation‐specific expectations, negative situation‐specific expectations, dispositional optimism, and dysfunctional attitudes for depressive symptoms 8 weeks later in a nonclinical sample (N = 157). It also examined whether the relationship between dispositional optimism and dysfunctional attitudes with depressive symptoms is mediated through situational expectations.
Results
Cross‐sectionally, depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with the presence of negative expectations than with the absence of positive expectations. In the longitudinal and mediation analyses, none of the cognitive variables had significant associations with depressive symptoms at follow‐up beyond the strong influence of baseline depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
The presence of negative expectations was cross‐sectionally more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than a lack of positive expectations, presumably due to higher variability in negative expectations in this nonclinical sample. The longitudinal and mediation analyses failed to find significant incremental effects of any of the cognitive variables because baseline depression explained the largest proportion of variance.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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