Taking both a historical and contemporary perspective, the book covers the extent of and manner in which traumatic stress manifests, including the way in which exposure to such extremely threatening ...events impacts on people’s meaning and belief systems. Therapeutic and community strategies for addressing and healing the effects of trauma exposure are comprehensively covered, as well as the particular needs of traumatised children and adolescents. Illustrative case material is used to render ideas accessible and engaging. The book also provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of theory and practice in the field of traumatic stress studies, incorporating both international and South African specific findings.
Everyone is talking about stress. From 1970 to 1980, 2,326 academic articles appeared with the word “stress” in the title. In the decade between 2000 and 2010 that number jumped to 21,750. Has life ...become ten times more stressful, or is it the stress concept itself that has grown exponentially over the past forty years? This book argues that our national infatuation with the therapeutic culture has created a middle-class moral imperative to manage the tensions of daily life by turning inward, ignoring the social and political realities that underlie those tensions. The book shows that although stress is often associated with conditions over which people have little control—workplace policies unfavorable to family life, increasing economic inequality, war in the age of terrorism—the stress concept focuses most of our attention on how individuals react to stress. A proliferation of self-help books and dire medical warnings about the negative effects of stress on our physical and emotional health all place the responsibility for alleviating stress-though yoga, deep breathing, better diet, etc.—squarely on the individual. The stress concept has come of age in a period of tectonic social and political shifts. Nevertheless, we persist in the all-American belief that we can meet these changes by re-engineering ourselves rather than tackling the root causes of stress. Examining both research and popular representations of stress in cultural terms, the book traces the evolution of the social uses of the stress concept as it has been transformed into an all-purpose vehicle for defining, expressing, and containing middle-class anxieties about upheavals in American society.
Today, biologists all over the world speak the same scientific language of molecular biology and use the same molecular tools. More interest and attention is given to molecular biology of abiotic ...stress tolerance and modes of installing better tolerant mechanisms in crop plants. These studies make plants capable of sustaining their yields even under stress conditions. Further, the information gained may form the basis for its application in biotechnology and bioinformatics. This book does not only review the current status in the physiology and molecular biology of stress tolerance and its improvement in plants but will also trigger further research on this exciting topic.
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Plants are sessile organisms that live under a constant barrage of biotic and abiotic insults. Both biotic and abiotic stress factors have been shown to affect various aspects of plant system ...including the acceleration in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) pathway is a key part of the network of reactions involving enzymes and metabolites with redox properties for the detoxification of ROS, and thus to avert the ROS-accrued oxidative damage in plants. The present book mainly deals with the information gained through the cross-talks and inter-relationship studies on the physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects of the cumulative response of various components of AsA-GSH pathway to stress factors and their significance in plant stress tolerance. TOC:1. Regulatory Role of Components of Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in Plant Stress Tolerance, D. Latowski et al.- 2. Ascorbate and Glutathione in Organogenesis, Regeneration and Differentiation in Plant in vitro Cultures, J. Tyburski, A. Tretyn.- 3. Role of Ascorbate Peroxidase and Glutathione Reductase in Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Stress Tolerance in Plants, C.-H. Pang, B.-S. Wang.- 4. The Ascorbate-Gluathione Cycle and Related Redox Signals in Plant-Pathogen Interactions, E. Ku¿niak.- 5. Regulation of The Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Plants Under Drought Stress, A. Sofo et al.- 6. Glutathione and Herbicide Resistance in Plants, Z. Katerova, L. Miteva.- 7. Ascorbate and Glutathione: Protectors of Plants in Oxidative Stress, Q. Mahmood et al.- 8. Changes in The Glutathione and Ascorbate Redox State Trigger Growth During Embryo Development and Meristem Reactivation at Germination, C. Stasolla.- 9. A Winning Two Pair: Role of The Redox Pairs AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG in Signal Transduction, G. ¿ahin, M. C. De Tullio.- 10. Involvement of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG Ratios in Gene and Protein Expression and in The Activation of Defence Mechanisms Under Abiotic Stress Conditions, V. Fotopoulos et AL.- 11. Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle: Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Integrated Mechanisms and Its Biomolecular Regulation, J.P. Martínez, H. Araya.- 12. Coordinate Role of Ascorbate-Glutathione in Response to Abiotic Stresses, I. Haider Shamsi et al.- 13. Regulation of Genes Encoding Chloroplast Antioxidant Enzymes in Comparison to Regulation of The Extra-Plastidic Antioxidant Defense System, M. Baier et al.- 14. The Peroxisomal Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway: Molecular Identification and Insights Into its Essential Role Under Environmental Stress Conditions, S. Reumann, F. J. Corpas.- 15. Identification of Potential Gene Targets for the Improvement of Ascorbate Contents of Genetically Modified Plants, A. A. Badejo, M. Esaka.
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Oxidative modification of lipids and phospholipids-including radical damage, halogenation, and nitration-result in significant changes to the chemical properties of the molecules, which in turn have ...a major effect on their biochemical functions. Lipid oxidation has long been regarded as a deleterious process responsible for lipid rancidity, loss of
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